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Title: Dr. Chase's New Receipt Book
Author: Chase, Alvin Wood (1817-1885)
Edition used as base for this ebook:
   Toronto: Rose Publishing Company, 1889
Date first posted: 20 June 2009
Date last updated: 20 June 2009
Project Gutenberg Canada ebook #336

This ebook was produced by:
David T. Jones, Juliet Sutherland
& the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
at http://www.pgdpcanada.net

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by the Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries




DR. CHASE'S

NEW

RECEIPT BOOK,

OR

Information for Everybody.

THE LIFE-LONG OBSERVATIONS OF THE AUTHOR, EMBRACING
THE CHOICEST, MOST VALUABLE AND

ENTIRELY NEW RECEIPTS

IN EVERY DEPARTMENT OF

Medicine, Mechanics and Household Economy.

IN FACT A BOOK FOR EVERYBODY, WITH REMARKS AND EXPLANATIONS WHICH
ADAPT IT TO THE EVERY-DAY WANTS OF THE PEOPLE, ARRANGED IN
DEPARTMENTS, AND COPIOUSLY INDEXED.

Toronto:
ROSE PUBLISHING COMPANY.
1889.


[Illustration: Printer's Mark]

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

                               PAGE.

Medical                           17

Cookery                          161

Dairy                            199

Mechanical                       208

Miscellaneous                    225

Drinks                           275

Canaries                         280

Toilet                           286

Interest                         292

Horses                           298

Cattle                           326

Sheep                            335

Hogs                             344

Dictionary of Medical Terms      349

Index, Departments               367

Index, General                   383




MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.


=THE SICK-ROOM.--Its Location--A Good Nurse--Fresh
Air--Light--Warmth--Cleanliness--Quiet--Food, Drink and Delicacies,
and the Faithful Administration of Medicines=, are of the utmost
importance, and will each receive consideration. But, in accordance
with the design of this work, the _essentials_ only will be pointed
out, the _minor details_, or little things, must be left to the
judgment and "common sense" of the nurse or head of the household, to
be met as best they can by the conveniences at hand or the means of
obtaining them.

=Location of the Sick-room.=--In summer, if it be possible, let the sick
room be on the north side of the house; in winter, upon the south--to
avoid the mid-day heat of summer, and the cold blasts of winter. And
also, if there is a room in the house having a fire-place, give it the
preference, as it is considered the best means of aiding ventilation
and providing artificial warmth when needed. And, if the windows do
not admit of _lowering_ the upper sash as well as to _raise_ the lower
ones, prepare them at once to allow this movement.

=A Good Nurse.=--We have so often heard the expression: "If Mr. Blank
had not had the best of nursing, he would never have got well."
Knowing that very much depends upon it, I say, get the best nurse that
your means can obtain; then see and know for yourselves that they
carry out your, or the physician's, directions faithfully; for a
physician's prescriptions, nor your own desires or directions, are of
any account unless they are faithfully followed. But, of course, much
of the details must be left to the nurse, hence the necessity of
getting one of sound judgment and considerable experience, if
possible.

=Fresh Air.=--Although fresh air is essential in a sick room, yet a
draft must not be allowed to strike upon the patient; hence the
necessity, in small rooms especially, of having the means of raising
and lowering the sash, either for ventilation or to reduce the
temperature; ventilate and reduce the temperature always as needed,
and, of course, with proper care. Keep the air pure by carrying out of
the room any and all vessels _de chambre_ as soon as used, no matter
how small the discharge may be. Never bring a slop-bucket into the
sick-room, as the pouring out, rinsing, etc., is not only very
contaminating to the air, but annoying to the patient.

=Light.=--If a room for the sick has been chosen which will allow proper
ventilation and fresh air, as needed, through the windows, the light
can easily be governed by the curtains; and it is only necessary to
say: Allow all the light that is agreeable to the patient; and, except
in nervous or eye diseases, but little exclusion of light will be
necessary, unless the room is on the south or western side of the
house, which is not desirable, generally.

=Warmth.=--Under this head it will be necessary to include the
temperature of the patient's surface as well as that of the room. The
warmth or temperature of the room being about 60 to 65 Fah., if the
limbs are cold, rub them with the dry naked hand, or wrap in hot, dry
woollen cloths, or place hot bricks, or bottles or jugs, filled with
hot water, or, what is better still, small bags of dry, hot sand, made
for this purpose, whichever is most convenient or necessary to keep
them comfortable. Comfort is to be sought, no matter how much labor
and trouble it causes; for, unless a genial warmth can be maintained,
health will seldom be regained. On the other hand, in fevers and
inflammatory diseases, the surface must be cooled by means of sponging
with cool or cold water with a little whiskey, or, what is better,
whiskey with bay-rum in it--sponging sufficiently often to keep down
extreme heat. Especially overcome all extremes of heat or cold.

=Cleanliness.=--It is claimed that "cleanliness is next to godliness."
Whether this be a fact or not, it is absolutely necessary, if it is
desired to restore the patient to health in the least possible time,
that not only the sick-room be kept clean, but the bed, bed-clothing
and wearing apparel be kept neat and clean; and the patient, also,
must have such frequent washings or spongings as will keep the pores
of the skin open, that the general exhalations, perspiration sensible
or insensible, as when sick an odor, also, may not only pass readily
through the pores, but to provide, in disease, for the escape not
only of a larger amount than usual but that of a more offensive and
injurious character, if left to be re-absorbed from the surface or
clothing.

=Quiet.=--If the patient is very sick, absolute quiet is very essential.
If a person is once admitted to the sick-room who is found to annoy
the patient by long talking, or, in fact in any manner, they must not
only be asked to retire, but never be admitted again. What is
necessary to say, speak in a mild but perfectly distinct voice, and
never allow whispering in a sick room for any purpose whatever. If
there are any secrets to be kept from the patient, no hint of them, or
whispering about them, should ever occur in his hearing; yet if it is
believed the patient cannot live very long, I would most certainly
inform them of this belief--'tis cruel and unjust to withhold it. Any
continuous noise, although slight in itself, soon becomes annoying to
any nervous person, and there are but few sick persons, indeed, who do
not soon become more or less nervous. Be firm, but kind, in all your
relations with the sick. Give them to understand you know best, and
what you know to be best to do you are going to do; and what you know
they ought not to do, you are not going to allow them to do, but in
all the kindness possible, and their acquiescence may soon be
expected. Rustling silks, squeaking shoes and the rattling of dishes
must not be allowed in a sick-room.

=Food, Drink and Delicacies.=--While the patient's condition will allow
them to use plain and substantial food, and the usual drink, as tea
and coffee, not too strong, it is best they should have them; but with
the weak and debilitated the delicacies must take their place; and I
desire to call especial attention to, and to give my sanction and
advice, that if any special thing is craved, be it food or drink, I
would most positively allow it, in moderation. We have all heard of
the cravings, in olden times, of fever patients for cold water, and
the cures brought about from its having been obtained stealthily
against the commands of the physician; but there has recently come to
my knowledge a case wherein the life of a typhoid fever patient was
saved by drinking two quarts of hard cider, which he had craved and
repeatedly called for, and when he got hold of the pitcher he would
not let it go until it was empty. I do not call this, however, "in
moderation," but the patient was stouter in his desperation than the
nurse and the physician who had allowed it to be brought, so no one
could have been blamed even if it had killed rather than cured the
patient. Do not understand this, however, even in desperate cases, to
be a pattern drink--a small glass, and often, as long as the craving
continues, would be the safer plan with any drink. But both food and
drink should be given regularly in reasonable quantities. And to aid
the nurse or family in this, the following recipes, or receipts, may
be resorted to with confidence and general satisfaction.


BEEF TEA, ESSENCES OF BEEF, ARTICLES OF DIET, DRINKS, ETC., FOR THE
SICK.

=Beef Tea.=--Take lean beef,  lb.; cold water,  cup; a little salt,
pepper, mace, or nutmeg. DIRECTIONS--Cut the beef into small bits--
or  inch squares--and see that no particle of fat adheres to it; put
into a bottle with the water and cork, placing the bottle in a pan of
cold water upon a stove, and as soon as it reaches the boiling-point
move it back, but keep it near the boiling point for 2 hours; then
strain, pressing out the juices, and season with a little salt and a
sprinkle of pepper, mace, or nutmeg, as preferred by the patient.

=Beef Tea--Improved Flavor, by Broiling.=--Take a nice steak and remove
all the fat. Have a gridiron, perfectly clean--all particles of burned
steak may easily be removed from the bars by placing it in hot water a
few minutes when first taken from the fire; then scrape, or what is
better, use a stiff brush, kept for this purpose. Have a very nice
fire of coals, and place the steak upon the gridiron and broil, as
usual, till it is ready to turn; then take off, having at least a qt.
bowl with 1 pt. of boiling-hot water in it, and keep it standing by
the fire, or on the back part of the stove, to keep it hot. Place the
steak, when the first side is nicely broiled, in this bowl of hot
water, and press it with the knife and fork--a stiff spoon is the
best--to extract the juices of the meat. Repeat this broiling and
pressing several times, turning the steak each time, till all the
juices and strength of the steak are extracted; and if, at the last,
the steak is cut into squares of an inch or a little more, and each
piece pressed in a lemon-squeezer, its virtue, or strength, will all
be obtained. It looks much like wine of itself; but still, if a
teaspoon or so of wine is added to what may be taken at any one time,
it will not injure the most delicate stomach, but will be borne, even
by a delicate stomach, better than bread-water, while it, of course,
is much more nourishing; and, if properly seasoned, it will be
relished by the patient--much more so from the broiling.

=Beef and Other Meat Teas Without Heat.=--Take 1/3 lb. of fresh beef,
mutton, poultry or game (the lean part only), minced very fine; place
it in 14 ozs. of soft cold water (2 or 3 tablespoons less than 1 pt.)
to which has been added a pinch or about 18 grs. of table salt, and
three or four drops of muriatic acid; stir all with a wooden spoon (on
account of the acid, which rusts iron), and set it aside for 1 hour,
stirring it occasionally; then strain it through gauze, or a sieve,
and wash the residue left on the sieve by means of 5 additional ozs.
of cold soft water, pressing it so that all the soluble matter will be
removed from the residue; mix the two strainings and the Extract is
ready for use. It should be drunk freely every two or three hours.

=Chicken Water.=--Take half of a young chicken, divest it of the skin,
remove the feet, and break all the bones. Put into 2 qts. of water and
boil for half an hour; strain through muslin, and season with a little
salt and pepper, if desired. It quenches the thirst and is quite
nourishing for use when the strong teas or essences cannot be borne by
the stomach. Straining through muslin removes or absorbs any oil or
fat upon the surface, which cannot be dipped off.

=Barley Water.=--Pearl barley, 1 oz.; wash in cold water, and pour off;
then boil it a few minutes, and pour off again, which removes a
certain rank taste; now pour on boiling water, 1 qt.; and boil, in an
open dish, until half evaporated; strain and season to the taste of
the patient. It is nourishing and pleasant, hot or cold, as desired.

=Egg-nog for the Sick.=--Beat the yolk of 1 egg with 1 tablespoonful of
pulverized sugar to the consistency of cream; grate in a little
nutmeg; add 1 large tablespoonful of brandy and 2 of Madeira wine.
Beat the white of the egg to a stiff froth, and mix in with 1 cup of
nice sweet milk.

_Remarks._--This is palatable, and for weak and feeble patients will
be found very invigorating and strengthening, the true "Madeira"
being rich in its tonic and invigorating qualities.

=Raw Egg and Milk for Convalescents.=--A fresh egg; milk, 1 cup; a
little port or other wine, and a little sugar. DIRECTIONS--Use only
the yolk, beating thoroughly; then add the milk, and beat till foamy;
then sugar and wine.

_Remarks_--Have this ready to be taken by convalescents when they feel
the least fatigue on returning from exercise.

=Milk Punch for the Sick.=--Nice sweet milk,  pt.; white sugar, 2
tablespoonfuls; best brandy, 2 tablespoonfuls, ice.
DIRECTIONS--Dissolve the sugar in the milk, and add the brandy,
stirring well.

_Remarks_--This punch has maintained the life of very sick persons
when nothing else could be taken for several days, or until the
natural forces returned to the rescue. Make cold with ice, or keep it
on ice.

=How to Reduce the Temperature of Sick-rooms and to Keep them Cool.=--In
very warm weather it is often desirable, for the comfort of the
patient, to have the room considerably cooler than the natural
atmosphere. In such cases raise the lower sashes entirely upon the
side of the room from which the breeze comes; then have a piece of
muslin soaking wet, squeeze slightly, and tack it on so as to make all
the air come in through the wet muslin, which will reduce the
temperature of the room 5 or 6 degrees in a few minutes. This is done
by the absorption of a part of the heat in the atmosphere by the
passing of the water in the muslin from its liquid to a gaseous state
(a principle well known in philosophy), and the air of the room
becomes more moist also, which makes it more endurable.

_Remarks._--It only needs trying to satisfy the most incredulous, and
it will benefit the very feeble patient more than enough to pay
everyone for the trouble taken. As the cloths become dry, replace them
with others, or keep them well wet with a sponge.

=Ventilation of Sick-rooms and Sleeping-rooms--Avoiding the Draft over
the Patient.=--Have a piece of board made just as long as the width of
the window; then raise the lower sash, and place the board under it.
The width of the board may be 3 or 4 inches only, as this will allow a
current of air to pass up between the glass and sash, breaking the
draft that otherwise enters directly into the room when the sash is
raised. In this way air may be admitted even at the head or back side
of a sick-bed, for the curtain may be lowered to break the current
from passing directly upon the patient. This plan is equally important
in small and ill-ventilated sleeping-rooms. This much fresh air, at
least, should be admitted into every sleeping-room, excepting the
extremely cold and windy days of winter.

=SWELLINGS TO REDUCE--Liniment for.=--Rum, spirits of camphor, and
laudanum, each 1 oz.; mix, shake well and keep corked.
DIRECTIONS--Heat the mixture hot (when using) and bathe the swelling
thoroughly, at least 3 times daily, by pouring into the hand and
thoroughly rubbing in. For a pin-scratch, or small pimple, a finger
application will be sufficient.


RHEUMATISM, SPINAL AFFECTIONS, CANCERS, ETC.

=Dr. White's Remedy, or Liniment for.=--Strongest alcohol and spirits of
turpentine, each 1 pt.; camphor gum and saltpetre, each 1 oz.; beef's
brine, 2 qts. Dissolve the camphor gum and saltpetre in the alcohol;
then add the turpentine. Scald and skim the beef's brine, and when
cold, add it. To be shaken when used.

_Remarks._--Dr. White used it extensively, and with success, in weak
backs and all other spinal affections, rheumatism, etc., and also
claimed to have cured several cancers with it.

Kerosene,  pt., and camphor gum, 1 oz., cured a friend of mine with
whom I was acquainted for forty years; his fingers and hands were set
nearly shut. Bathing his hands 3 or 4 times daily for 3 or 4 days made
decided improvements, and finally cured them.

=Cancer--A New Remedy which Carbonizes the Cancerous Tumor with but
Little or No Pain, and Not Poisonous.=--DIRECTIONS--Apply to the
surface of the sore the chloride of chromium (a new salt of this rare
metal), incorporated into stramonium ointment. This preparation, in a
few hours, converts the tumor into perfect carbon, and it crumples
away. Specimens of cancers thus carbonized were inspected by a number
of physicians at a recent meeting held at the N. Y. Medical
University, where a paper was read on this new method of treating
cancer, which had the appearance of charcoal, and were easily
pulverized between the fingers. The remedy causes little or no pain,
and is not poisonous.

=Cancer, Relief of Pain in.=--Dr. Brandini, of Florence, Italy, has
recently discovered that citric acid will assuage (relieve) the
violent pain of cancer. He applies to the part pledgets of lint soaked
in a solution of citric acid, 4 grs.; dissolved in soft water, 350
grs. (about  oz.), with the result of affording instantaneous relief
in the most aggravated cases.

=Cancer, Chromic Acid Found Valuable in.=--Prof. John King, in his
American Dispensatory, more than a dozen years ago, spoke of chromic
acid being found advantageous in cancers, malignant tumors, ulcers,
etc.

=SCIATIC RHEUMATISM--Successful Remedies.=--_Internal and Alterative._
Fl. ex. of poke root, 1 oz.; fl. ex. of gelsemium, 1 dr.; mix.
DOSE.--Take 20 drops, morning and evening, in a little water.

Fl. ex. of blue flag, 1 oz. DOSE.--Take 15 drops, at noon and bed
time, in a little water.

Apply externally, along the back part of the thigh, as a liniment,
tinct. of iodine and aqua ammonia, each 1 oz.; mix, and rub on
thoroughly 3 times daily.

Apply the following preparation the whole length of nerve:

Menthol, 12 grs.; alcohol, to dissolve the menthol, 7 minims (drops);
oil of cloves, 1 oz.; mix. [Menthol is one of the newer remedies,
sometimes also called Japanese camphor. It is made from a species of
_mint_ growing in Asia, Japan, and I think in China also. It is in the
form of crystals, and smells much like peppermint.]

This mixture is known to be of almost immediate benefit in neuralgic
affections.

=External Remedy, or Liniment for Sciatica, Lumbago, Stiff Joints,
Contracted Cords, Rheumatism, etc.--Very Successful.--For External Use
Only.=--Fl. ex. of aconite root (never of the leaf, for these
purposes), 12 ozs.; oil of hemlock, 3 ozs.; sulphate of zinc, 1 oz.;
strongest alcohol, 1 qt.; soft or distilled water, 1 qt.
DIRECTIONS--Take at least a 3 qt. bottle and put in the alcohol, oil
of hemlock, and extract of aconite root together; dissolve the
sulphate of zinc in a little water and add lastly the water also;
shake, always, before pouring out into a smaller bottle for use, and
always shake before pouring out upon the parts, or into the hand for
application. I have given it in these large quantities, because it is
to be applied freely, at least twice daily, in any case, in very
painful cases three times a day, pouring upon the parts and rubbing in
several times at each application. Do not get it into the eyes, _nor
is it ever to be taken internally in any case_.

=Rheumatism, Successful Alterative for--The Crutches Thrown Away by the
Use of Half a Bottle.=--Tincts. of sarsaparilla and quassia, of each 3
ozs.; iodide of potash, 1 oz.; quinine, 20 grs.; water, 1 pt.
DIRECTIONS--Put all into a quart bottle, and shake when taken. Dose--1
tablespoonful just before each meal.

The person communicating this recipe, "W. W.," of Independence, Ohio,
says: "I was 3 months on crutches, before I took half of it I threw
the crutches away." It is probable that this amount of the iodide of
potash may be more than some persons can take, as there are those who
cannot take it in large doses--this will be known by a stiffness of
the nose, throat, etc., as though they had taken a bad cold. In such
cases lessen the dose to a teaspoonful, and next time double the
amount of tinctures, else use half the amount of the iodide.

=Acute or Inflammatory Rheumatism--A New and Successful Remedy.=--After
a fair trial of the salicylate of soda, in acute rheumatism, _i.e._,
in a rheumatism with pain and often swelling of joints, etc., from
having taken a cold, the profession and doctors have come to a very
favorable opinion of its use for rheumatism, as well as in tonsilitis
and sick head-aches, which see.

Dr. Clouston, in the June number of the _Practitioner_, thinks the
action of the salicylate of soda on acute rheumatism is most marked,
as in 63 per cent.--63 in 100--the acute stage lasted only three days;
the pain being relieved in a few hours, and the remainder of the
disease having no serious symptoms; he thinks, however, its use should
be commenced early in the disease, if benefit to any extent is to be
experienced, and in doses not less than 10 grs. every hour, until the
pain and severe symptoms are relieved, then less often, 2, 3, or 4
hours, and finally less amount. Dr. Clouston's recipe is as follows:
Salicylic acid, 3 drs.; carbonate of soda, 1 drs.; syrup of lemon, 1
oz.; cinnamon water to make 8 ozs.; mix. Dose--A tablespoonful every
two hours.--_Medical Digest._

_Remarks._--The _Medical Summary_, of New York, says: "The salicylate
of potash has also been used with success: Salycilic acid, 2 drs.;
bi-carbonate of potash, 3 drs.; water, 2 ozs.; mix. Dose--A
teaspoonful every 2 or 3 hours.

=LINIMENT--Mrs. Chase's--For Ladies.=--Best alcohol, 1 qt.; camphor gum,
chloroform, laudanum, sulphuric ether, tinctures of myrrh and
capsicum, and oil of red cedar, each 1 oz.; oil of peppermint, cloves,
cajeput, and wormwood, each  oz.; mix, and keep corked for use.

=Dr. Chase's Golden Oil, or Strong Camphor Liniment.=--Gum camphor, 2
ozs.; oil of origanum, hemlock, sassafras and tincture of cayenne,
each 1 oz.; oil of cajeput, spirits of turpentine, chloroform, and
sulphuric ether, each  oz.; best alcohol, 1 pt.; mix, and keep
corked--as all liniments should be when not being used.

Dose--The dose may be from 15 drops to a teaspoonful, according to the
severity of the case, in sugar, or in a little sweetened water or
milk: to be repeated in 15 to 30 minutes, also according to the
severity of pain, griping of bowels, etc.

EXTERNALLY--For rheumatism, severe pains, etc., it should be poured
upon the spot, or into the hand and applied, rubbing it well three or
four times at each application; and, if the place allows it, hold the
hand upon it till the heat and smarting subside. Do this night and
morning, and, if a severe case, at noon also.

=Liniments, Patent or Proprietary--Perry Davis' Pain Killer.=--Some
analysis recently made in the east, and published in the _Druggists'
Circular_ gives the following as the articles composing the medicines
named: Spirits of camphor, 2 ozs.; tinct. of capsicum, 1 oz.; gum
myrrh,  oz.; gum guaiac,  oz.; alcohol, 3 ozs.

=R.R.R.= (Radway's Ready Relief).--Soap liniment, 1 ozs.; tinct. of
capsicum,  oz.; water of ammonia,  oz.; alcohol,  oz. This for 50c.
a bottle.

=Hamlin's Wizard Oil.=--Spirits of camphor,  oz.; aqua ammonia,  oz.;
oil of sassafras,  oz.; oil of cloves, 1 dr.; chloroform, 2 drs.;
spirits of turpentine, 3 drs.; dilute alcohol, 3 drs.

=Giles' Liniment of Iodide of Ammonia.=--Iodine, 15 grs.; camphor gum, 
oz.; oils of lavender and rosemary, each 1 dr.; alcohol,  pt.; strong
aqua ammonia, 1 oz.

=Cure-All Liniment.=--Gum camphor, gum myrrh, opium, pulverized cayenne,
and oil of sassafras, each 1 oz.; oils of hemlock, red cedar,
wormwood, spirits of turpentine, and hartshorn, each  oz.; best
alcohol, 1 qt. DIRECTIONS--Cut the opium finely; mix, and shake daily
for a week or 10 days; then strain or filter.

_Remarks._--It will be found a valuable liniment for all purposes for
which liniments are used.

=Lightning Liniment.=--Chloroform and ether, each 1 oz.; laudanum, 2
ozs.; spirits of turpentine, 4 ozs.; mix.

_Remarks._--Mr. Johnson, of Grand Rapids, Mich., says: "Bathe legs,
back, or any part of the body with it, and it will give immediate
relief." Good for nervous affections, rheumatism, etc.

=Goitre, Bronchocele, or Swelled Neck--Dr. Mason's Internal and
External Remedy.=--I. INTERNAL--Iodide of potash, 1 oz.; fl. ex. of
sarsaparilla, 6 ozs.; fl. ex. of dandelion, 4 ozs.; dissolve the
iodide in a tea-cup of soft water, then add to the extracts, in a
bottle sufficiently large, 1 pint of simple syrup. Dose--One
teaspoonful half hour before each meal.

_Remarks._--If in any case this causes a stuffing up of the nose, as
is often said on taking cold, the dose must be lessened about
one-half, or else as much more of the extracts and syrup must be
added--with some people the iodide of potash causes this condition.
Occasionally one cannot take it all; the extracts, then, must be taken
without it, but the cure will not be as rapid. The patient is advised
to drink only boiled water.

II. EXTERNAL--Take tinct. of iodine, 2 ozs.; soft water,  oz.;
sulphite of soda, sufficient to remove the color of the iodine from
the tincture before adding the water, which prevents the coloring of
the skin or clothing. With a small brush, or swab, paint this
tincture, once daily, upon the swelling, and so continue until cured.

_Remarks._--The doctor says: "This remedy needs no recommendation, as
it has been used by quite a number, and with good results. It was sent
to my wife by a Mrs. P. M. Avery, of Pennsylvania; but the idea of
discoloration," he says, "I got from the Boston _Medical and Surgical
Journal_."

=COLIC, OR OTHER INTERNAL PAIN--German Remedy or Liniment
for.=--Alcohol, 1 qt.; oil of sassafras and hartshorn, each 2 ozs.;
spirits of camphor and laudanum, each 1 oz.; spirits of turpentine, 
oz.; tinct. of kino,  oz.; mix. Dose--For colic, or any severe
internal pain, from  to 1 teaspoonful may be taken for a dose; to be
repeated in  to 1 hr., according to the severity of the case.

=Colic--Cure by Quinine.=--Dr. N. R. Derby, of Bergen Point, N.J., says,
in the _Medical Recorder_, that by accident he discovered that a dose
of 8 or 10 grs. of sulphate of quinine will speedily put an end to an
attack of colic. He had had such attacks from childhood, but cured
himself and several others in this way. This dose is for an adult. I
should try it if I had occasion to do so.

=CONSTIPATION, OR COSTIVENESS--Valuable Pills for.=--Solid extracts of
nux vomica and hyascyamus, and pulverized capsicum, each 25 grs.;
podophyllin, and ext. of belladonna, each 10 grs.; mix thoroughly and
make into 100 pills. Dose--If very constipated when you commence
taking them, take two each night for 1 or 2 nights, or until the
bowels become easy; then 1 only at night till cured.

_Constipation--Hot Water as a Cure._--A cup of hot water, a friend
says, is a grand tonic and stomach cleanser, and a sure cure for
constipation. It should be taken night and morning, just before
retiring and after rising.

=Constipation or Costiveness--Newer Remedies.=--For a few years past the
fl. ex. of cascara sagrada has been much extolled, and also found
quite satisfactory in relieving the difficulty, and if properly
combined with other remedies, has cured very many cases. I have been
very successful with the following combination:

Fl. ex. cascara sagrada, 1 oz.; tincts. nux vomica and belladonna,
each 2 drs.; with syrup of Tolu, or syrup of wild cherry, 2 ozs.;
mix. Dose--A teaspoonful 3 times a day till the bowels become easy;
then only at bed-time, till cured.

=GRAVEL--Remedy.=--A strong decoction, made with a handful of smart-weed
in 1/2 pt. of water, taken with a gill of gin, is said to have
discharged a tablespoonful of gravel at a time in 12 hours from the
time it was taken. Keep on taking daily as long as any gravel is
discharged.


HEMORRHAGE, OR BLEEDING FROM THE LUNGS, WOMB, RECTUM, ETC.

=Witchhazel or Other Specifics, or Positive Remedies for.=--Hemorrhage,
or bleeding from the uterus (womb) after childbirth, from the lungs
and from the rectum, in some cases of piles, are of such frequent
occurrence that I deem it of great importance to give the latest and
most successful prescriptions for hemorrhage in these cases.

Of late years the homeopathists claim that the valuable properties of
the witchhazel is a discovery of theirs, and they make ado over it in
the form of "Pond's Extract of Hamamelis." If this is used, give in
doses of 10 to 15 drops, repeated every 3 or 4 hours.

Among eclectics, for many years past, the common witchhazel
(hamamelis) has been considered a very valuable remedy for hemorrhages
or bleeding from the internal organs. Prominent among these are
Professors John M. Scudder and A. S. Howe, of the Eclectic Medical
Institute of Cincinnati, who consider it a specific (positive cure) in
all cases of debility of the nervous system--a weak and flabby
condition that allows the blood to ooze through the membrane.

Prof. Howe has used this about 30 years, or long before homeopathy had
become at all prominent in the United States.

Prof. John King thinks that in hemorrhages immediately following
"delivery at full term," hamamelis is not equal to ergot, but in cases
arising from debility, he agrees with the remarks above--that
witchhazel is vastly superior.

A decoction or tea, made from the bark or from the dried leaves, will
be as effectual as "Pond's Extract," which is kept by druggists.

The strength of a decoction will be 1 oz. of dried bark or leaves to 1
pt. of water. Dose--A wine-glassful 3 or 4 times daily.

=Uterine Hemorrhage--Specifics in.=--C. J. Pitzer, M.D., of Detroit,
Ill., asks for practical items from the experience of other
physicians, and in giving his own, says: "Cinnamon and erigeron are
specifics (positive cure) in uterine hemorrhage; I know it by actual
experience. I don't tell you anything new, but recall your attention
to the fact and confirm, as far as my evidence goes, what has been
said of these articles by others. Let me say, while speaking of these
invaluable remedies, that in uterine hemorrhage you can't have too
much confidence in them. They are just what you want. Don't resort to
ergot. Give oil of erigeron, 10 drops, every hour, and oftener, if
needs be; and between each dose give 15 drops tinct. oil of cinnamon,
made by adding oil of cinnamon, 1 fl. dr., to best alcohol, 95% 1 fl.
oz. I use both remedies in every case, alternating. Don't know which
does the most good; neither do I care much, so I save my patient. Just
had a bad case last week, caused by retained membranes. The case had
been managed by other physicians, and 4 or 5 days after the delivery
the hemorrhage was very excessive and threatened the life of the
patient in a short time. The doctor who sent for me had used ergot,
opium, lead and tannin, and had resorted to the tampon. I suggested
the above named remedies, and commenced the use of them at once. The
hemorrhage ceased almost entirely in 4 hours, and we had no trouble in
controlling it afterwards."

=Hemorrhage from the Womb, with High Pulse and Fever.=--Being called to
a case where an abortion had been performed, in an early stage of
pregnancy (not knowing for some time after of the cause), finding the
wasting, or hemorrhage, considerable, I gave:

Fl. ex. of ergot,  oz.; gallic acid, 40 grs.; mixed. Dose--
teaspoonful every 2 hours, until pain and contraction of the womb was
produced, then once in 4 or 5 hours only, until the wasting ceased.

_For the High Pulse_--I gave tinct. veratrum viride, 6 drops, with
tinct. aconite 3 drops, every two hours, alternating with the first,
giving the second 1 hour after the ergot mixture had been given,
dropping each into a tumbler, so as to get this number of drops, of
each, in a teaspoonful of water, when given. For instance 36 drops of
the veratrum and 18 drops of aconite, with 6 teaspoonfuls of water,
gave the right dose each time.

The urine in such cases may need some attention, and call for acetate,
or nitrate, of potash (I like the acetate best, some others prefer the
nitrate-nitre, or the sweet spirits of nitre), to correct any
disturbance of these organs, for which purpose see "Diuretics" for
directions.

=Hemorrhage, Slight, of the Lungs, with Cough=--=Regular or Allopathic
Treatment for.=--Give fl. ex. of ergot, 15 drops in a little water,
putting in a little essence of wintergreen to lessen its bitter taste.
(The author would say, in such a case, a few drops of essence of
cinnamon, which will cover the bitter taste as well as the
wintergreen, is of itself good for the hemorrhage.) Give the above
every six hours.

Between these doses also give gallic acid, 4 grs., in a little syrup
of lemon. This alternation brings the doses only three hours apart. A
few doses of each will generally allay any slight hemorrhage. If the
cough is pretty persistent; _i.e._, continuous and irritating, give
laudanum, 15 drops, once in 4 or 5 hours, and 25 drops at bed-time, to
allay the cough and help in procuring sleep. Give also laxatives, if
needed, to prevent costiveness.

=Hemorrhage, or Bleeding from Slight Cuts, etc.=--=Simple Remedy.=--To
stop the flow of blood bind the cut with cobwebs and brown sugar,
pressed on like lint. Wheat flour and salt, in equal parts, bound on
with a cloth, for man or beast; mix well, without wetting, the blood
will wet them enough.

=Hemorrhage from Wounds=--=Styptic Colloid, to Prevent and Cure.=--The
following will instantly coagulate blood, forming a consistent clot,
under which wounds will readily heal: Collodion, 100 parts (grs.);
carbolic acid, 10 parts; tannic and benzoic acids, of each 5 parts;
mix the ingredients in the above order.

If the wound is so large that a slight application does not stop the
hemorrhage or bleeding, wet lint with it and bind on if necessary, and
leave on until the healing process is accomplished.


=DIPHTHERIA.=--=Successful Remedies.=--My first remedy, although simple
and easily obtained, is from a paper presented to the French Academy
of Medicine by Dr. Revillout, who asserts, from an experience of 18
years, that:

Lemon juice is one of the most efficacious medicines that can be
applied in Diphtheria, and relates that when he was a dresser in the
hospital, his own life was saved by this timely application.

He got a quantity of lemons and gargled his throat with the juice,
swallowing a little at a time in order to act on the more deep-seated
parts.

It is also recommended for any inflammatory or irritable condition of
the throat in their commencement.

Lemon juice in Diphtheria is endorsed by American physicians, as the
following will show. Let it be tried by all means:

Dr. J. R. Page, of Baltimore, in the New York _Medical Record_,
invites the attention of the profession to a topical use of fresh
lemon juice as a most efficient means for the removal of the membrane
from the throat, tonsils, etc., in diphtheria. In his hands (he has
heard several of his professional brethren say the same) it has proved
by far the best agent he has yet tried for the purpose. He applied the
juice of the lemon by means of a camel's hair probang (a piece of
cloth on a stick will do as well) to the affected parts every 2 or 3
hours, and in eighteen cases on which he has used it the effect has
been all he could wish. A little remarkable--one has 18 years
successful experience, the other 18 cases; either is enough.

=2. Diphtheria=--=Ice a Successful Remedy for.=--The French have also been
very successful in the use of ice as a remedy in diphtheria, which was
introduced into this country by a Dr. Chapman, reported through the
New York _Tribune_, by which means it was brought to the notice of the
Oneida community in that State, where the disease was prevailing, and
was successful in 60 cases. They aroused the mind of the patients, old
enough to understand the necessity, to the greatest possible
resistance to the advance of the disease. This determination of
resistance is valuable against the advance of any disease.
DIRECTIONS--The ice is broken into small pieces and given to the
patient every ten minutes, night and day.

=3. Diphtheria, Sulphur Treatment.=--Our attention was first called to
the use of sulphur, in this disease, by a report from Dr. Fields, in
England. He found an advantage in its use in some bad cases within ten
minutes of its commencement. His manner of using it with those old
enough, was in the form of a gargle, a teaspoonful of the powder, or
flour of sulphur, in a wine glass of water, gargling frequently. If
the patient was unable to gargle, or too young, blow some of the dry
sulphur through a quill upon the diseased parts of the throat, or burn
some of the sulphur upon live coals near the patient, so that he will
inhale the fumes. The patient should always be kept warm and the
bowels open. In extreme cases, when Dr. Field was called, just in the
nick of time, when the fungus was so near filling the throat, as not
to allow the gargling, he first blew the sulphur through the quill
into the throat, and after the fungus had shrunk to allow of it, then
the frequent gargling. He never lost a patient from diphtheria under
this treatment. He recommends after gargling a couple of times, to
cleanse the throat, to swallow some of the sulphur water occasionally,
so as to reach the fungus deeper in the throat, which also has a
tendency to keep the bowels open, which is recommended a very
important point to accomplish. This fungus is believed to be a living
parasite of plant-like growth, and that sulphur is absolutely
destructive to them, as has been proved by its use by applying upon
the parasites of the grape vine. It has been proved that sulphur kills
every fungus or parasite on man, beast, or plant. One Dr. Langautiers
also found that 1 teaspoonful doses every hour, of a mixture of
sulphur in 4 ozs. of water, taken every hour, is very beneficial in
the treatment of croup.

=4. Diphtheria, Specific for=--=Also, Scarlet Fever, and Preventive in
Both.=--The best physicians of New York city, Brooklyn, and
Philadelphia, are equally in favor of the sulpho-carbolate of soda.

[The sulpho-carbolate of soda is composed of soda combined with
sulphur and carbolic acid, either of which alone is good in
diphtheria, scarlet fever, and any other inflammatory condition of the
throat; and the combination is more decidedly beneficial than either
would be alone; at least it seems so to me from my knowledge of their
properties.]

Dr. May, of New York city, says the sulpho-carbolate of soda is a
specific (positive cure) in diphtheria, also in scarlet fever, and
claims that this article is a preventive to the development, even
after exposure, as well as a cure for both these diseases. The writer
of this report is very much impressed in favor of this article. He
says:

"The use of sulpho-carbolate of soda in diphtheria has become a
settled fact by the best physicians, as above named, to be the only
certain specific (positive cure) for that dreaded disease which has
taken off so many children in the United States during the past eight
years. He also says it is certain to destroy the parasitic fungus in
the throat and glands in two hours.

"Ten grs. dissolved in a tumbler half full of cold water, and take
from  to 1 teaspoonful every hour, until the parasite is destroyed;
then take 1 teaspoonful every 2 or 3 hours, according to the
circumstances of the case. There is no use in physicians fighting
against this remedy, for they will have to use it if they have success
in the treatment of scarlet fever and diphtheria. It is a specific in
both diseases, as they are both zymotic (acting like a ferment),
spreading quickly through the system in their nature, and are produced
by the parasite in the system. It will prevent both diseases if given
before an attack, as well as a remedy. This remedy has been used for
scarlet fever and diphtheria for over three years, and if given before
gangrene (mortification) sets in, will work wonders in every case. It
was discovered by an English physician, and has grown into favor as a
specific ever since, particularly with children.

"The trichina parasite of pork, as soon as it enters the stomach, is
absorbed by the blood, then into the muscles of the body. It is not so
with the diphtheria parasite; it is generated in the stomach, and when
it spreads up the sophagus (comes from Greek words signifying to
bear, to carry and to eat, being the passage way of the food and drink
to the stomach, commonly called the gullet), it produces such a high
state of inflammation that gangrene sets in, which dissolves the
parasite, and carries it all through the blood, which is always fatal.
Gangrene always dissolves the parasite, but before that takes place
the use of the sulpho-carbolate of soda will save every case. I have
written these lines by special request of very many citizens and
friends who desire it made public for the benefit of all."

=5. Diphtheria, Sore Throat, Swollen Tonsils, etc.=--=Homeopathic
Remedy.=--Bin-iodide of mercury, 10 grs.; sugar of milk, 100 grs.;
triturate (rub) together 30 minutes in a wedgewood mortar. Then take
10 grs. of this triturated article and 100 grs. more of sugar of milk,
and triturate again as before. Dose--Give 1 gr. of this second
trituration every hour in ordinary cases; if a bad case, give the same
amount every 15 to 30 minutes, until relieved; then every hour or two
as needed. A few doses makes the cure.

=Diphtheria=--=Latest Allopathic Treatment for.=--In a recent conversation
with Dr. Haney, of Toledo, Ohio, he claimed to cure every case of
diphtheria, even in small children, by swabbing the throat with
calomel; for quite a young child he gets 10 grs. into the throat, by a
swab, and a child 5 to 8 years, 20 to 30 grs., so it will be
swallowed. He says it stops the change in the blood, by which the
fibrinous portions form the membrane in the throat. He follows 3 or 4
hours after with the liquid physic (see "Liquid Physic"), to help
carry off the accumulation of the intestines; and then supports the
strength with liquid food of a nourishing character. He is a
successful physician, and claims not to have lost an average of one
child a year for the eleven years' practice there; and I know he has a
good share of practice among the children. I have also seen accounts
in a recent medical journal, by some allopathic physicians, that they
have been using calomel very similar to Dr. Haney, in this disease.
Therefore I have not dared to pass it by without mention, as it may
save many lives for future usefulness.

=1. SORE THROAT=--=The Good Old Grandmother's Gargle for.=--Steep 1
medium-sized red pepper in  pt. of water, strain, and add  pt. of
good vinegar, and a heaping teaspoonful, each, of salt and pulverized
alum, and gargle with it as often as needed.

=2. Sore Throat, New Gargle for.=--In all recent inflammations, or
colds, affecting the throat, a gargle made by putting a heaping
teaspoonful of the bi-carbonate of soda (common baking soda) into a
glass of water, and gargling with it frequently, will be found
exceedingly valuable. A teaspoonful, or a little more, of it
swallowed, will quickly relieve a tickling cough; also neutralize the
acidity of the stomach often arising after meals, water-brash, etc.
But if it should irritate, weaken one-half or more.

=3. Sore Throat=--=Heat Strong Tea as a Gargle for Speedy Relief in.=--It
is well to know that sore throat can be speedily relieved by using
strong, hot tea as a gargle. It is a convenient remedy, and rather a
pleasant one.

_Remarks._--Hot water has proved valuable in many diseases of late, as
dyspepsia, consumption, etc., taken internally before meals, which
see, for these diseases.

=4. Sore Throat, Several Simple Remedies for.=--The following are some
of the most common, or simple, remedies for sore throat, easily
obtained and often effectual:

I. Salt and water is used by many as a gargle; but a little alum and
honey dissolved in sage tea is better.

II. Others, a few drops of camphor on loaf sugar, which very often
affords immediate relief.

III. An application of cloths wrung out of hot water and applied to
the neck, changed as often as it begins to cool, has great potency in
removing inflammation in recent cases.

IV. Borax the size of a pea in the mouth relieves hoarseness quickly.
(See also hoarseness, bronchitis, etc., for other remedies.)

=SORE NOSE=--=Akin to Erysipelas=--=Certain Cure.=--I had a case of sore
nose, a very bad case, which nothing in the ordinary line of treatment
would benefit at all, except for a very short time. The sufferer would
cry out: "Cannot something be done to relieve this intolerable
suffering," etc. DIRECTIONS--I prepared a little stick, 3 or 4 inches
in length, and wound it with 3 or 4 thicknesses of cotton cloth,
wrapped with thread, and dipped this into the full strength muriated
tincture of iron, and held it firmly, for a  minute, or so, to each
spot, and over the inflamed nose, and to the inner edges, where it was
sorest. The first moment or two it smarted like fire, but I held it
the more firmly and said never mind that, it won't be so bad next
time. So night and morning, for 3 or 4 days, then once daily as much
longer, made a perfect cure--now over six months, without the least
return and no sign of soreness remaining. I should continue to apply
for a month or more, if necessary, or until cured. I gave him also
internally 5 drops of the same tincture 3 times daily in a little
water. Of course he had an iron-colored nose, but a piece of lemon
rubbed on a few times soon removed that ornamental shade and left him
all right again, the same as it will remove recent iron rust spots
from clothing.

=CARBUNCLE=--=Treatment Which Saves Pain and Soreness=--=Also Applicable to
Boils.=--Having just passed through a three weeks' siege with a six
hole carbuncle, I feel competent to tell others how I saved myself
much pain, soreness and suffering, although it is bad enough when all
has been done that can be done for relief.

What it might have proved without my mitigating treatment I do not
know; it was the agony that compelled me to adopt some plan of relief,
hence I took:

I. A mild liniment, Mrs. Chase's, given in this book (any mild
liniment will do), 2 ozs.; chloroform, 1 oz.; laudanum, 1 oz.; mixed.
Shaken, when used, and applied every hour or two, night and day. There
were only short catches of sleep for about two weeks, after which an
hour or two was occasionally obtained.

After applying the above mixture freely at each time, I then applied
the following anodyne, emollient, or softening mixture:

II. Sweet oil, 7 drs.; laudanum, 1 dr.; mix. The application of the
foregoing mixtures would relieve very much of the agonizing pain, even
before I would be done applying the first; and the second kept the
surface soft, as well as to help keep down the pain. (The same thing
will be just as effectual for boils, I have not a doubt.) The
situation was such that no poulticing could have been done, if
desired, to hasten it; and even if it could, I have never known one
under the poulticing process to subside in less than 5 or 6 weeks,
while by the above process nearly all the pain and soreness subsided
in 3 weeks.

At one time I thought it was going to repeat itself: but by the
application of the permanganate of potash, 1 dr. to 1 oz. of water,
applied by rolling up a strip of cotton cloth, and tieing a bit of
cord around it in the centre, the size of the roll being just to fill
the mouth of the vial, by which means I could wet one end of the roll
of cloth without spilling it upon the clothing (permanganate colors
the clothes), and apply to the swelling, it was driven back, or
scattered, and by taking an active cathartic dose of crab-orchard
salts (any active cathartic will do the same) it was carried out of
the system.

=BOILS.=--=Remedy Against Their Continuance.=--Prof. Scudder, in his work
on Specific Medication, speaking of lime, says: Its specific use is
in cases of furunculus (boil), and other inflammations of the cellular
tissue (the cell-like tissue immediately under the skin) terminating
in suppuration. Why it has this specific influence I do not propose to
say, but I have proven it in scores of cases. Taken in a case in which
boils are continually developed, the use of lime water will effect a
radical cure. [The proper strength for lime water to be used in these
cases, in fact, in all cases, is: stone lime, 4 ozs.; distilled water,
1 gal., or in these proportions. Slack the lime with a little of the
water, then pour the rest of the water over it and stir; cover the
bowl and set aside for three hours; then bottle and keep the liquor
upon the lime, well corked, and use only the clear liquid as wanted.]
See "Milk Diet for Infants and adults." Dose--It is given in doses of
a wineglassful, 3 or 4 times a day. If too alkaline use additional
water.

This lime water is very often properly used with the milk fed to
infants which have to be raised upon the bottle; a teaspoon-full to a
bottle of milk, or sufficient to prevent acidity of the stomach; and
it is also valuable in Dyspepsia in adults when there are acid
eructations of gas, or, as commonly called, belching or rifting of
wind from the stomach, after eating. Dose--For adults in these
dyspeptic cases, 3 or 4 tablespoonfuls to a bowl of milk; sufficient
only is needed to keep down the acidity. See "Dyspepsia, Milk and Lime
Water, Cure for." Lime water can often be borne by patients who cannot
take the salts of soda, or potash. This also proves its value and
adaptation to the human system.

=1. Milk in Diarrha, Dysentery, Incipient Cholera, Typhoid Fever,
etc.=--Considerable has lately been said in medical journals concerning
the value of milk as a remedial agent in certain diseases. An
interesting article upon this subject lately appeared in the London
_Milk Journal_, in which it is stated, on the authority of Dr.
Benjamin Clark, that in the East Indies warm milk is used to a great
extent as a specific for Diarrha.

I. _For Diarrha._--A pint every 4 hours will check the most violent
diarrha, stomach-ache, incipient cholera and dysentery. The milk
should never be boiled, but only heated sufficient to be agreeably
warm, not too hot to drink. [The author would say 140 Fah. is as hot
as one can take it comfortably with a teaspoon.] Milk which has been
boiled is unfit for use. He continues: It has never failed in curing
in from 6 to 12 hours, and I have tried it, I should think, fifty
times. I have also given it to a dying man who had been subject to
dysentery 8 months, latterly accompanied by one continual diarrha,
and it acted on him like a charm. In 2 days his diarrha was gone, in
3 weeks he became a hale, fat man, and nothing that may hereafter
occur will ever shake his faith in hot milk.

II. _For Typhoid Fever._--Another writer also communicates to the
_Medical Times and Gazette_ a statement of the value of milk in 26
cases of typhoid fever, in every one of which its great value was
apparent, checking diarrha, nourishing and cooling the body.

III. _For Debilitating Diseases._--People suffering from diseases
require food quite as much as those in health, and much more so in
certain diseases, where there is rapid waste of the system. Frequently
all ordinary food, in some diseases, is rejected by the stomach, and
even loathed by the patient; but nature, even in all disease, is
beneficent, and has furnished a food that is beneficial--in some,
directly curative. Such a food is milk. The writer, Dr. Alexander
Yale, after giving particular observations upon the points above
mentioned, viz.: Its action in checking diarrha, its nourishing
properties and its action in cooling the body, says: "We believe that
milk nourishes in fever, promotes sleep, wards off delirium, soothes
the intestines, and in fine is the _sine qua non_ (an
indispensable--just the thing) in typhoid fever."

IV. _For Scarlet Fever._--The writer goes on to say he has lately
tested the value of milk in scarlet fever, and learns that it is now
recommended by the medical faculty in all cases of this often very
distressing disease of children. He says:

Give all the milk the patient will take, even during the period of
greatest fever; it keeps up the strength of the patient, acts well
upon the stomach, and is in every way a blessed thing in this
sickness. Parents, remember it, and do not fear to give it if your
dear ones are afflicted with this disease.

=2. Milk an Antidote for Lead Poisoning.=--The _Journal de Mdecine_
states, upon authority, that milk has been found to be an antidote and
preventive to lead poisoning by those working in its manufacture. (Why
not, then, for painters?)

A quart a day was furnished to each man, after which no colic nor
other harm to health occurred.

The remedy is simple, easily obtained, and no doubt effectual. Used as
a drink during the day would be the manner of taking it. See also its
use in "Accidental poisoning."

=1. SCARLET FEVER--Successful Treatment of.=--Dr. Henry Pigeon writes to
the London _Lancet_ as follows:

"The marvellous success which has attended my treatment of scarlet
fever by sulphur induces me to let my medical brethren know of my
plan, so that they may be able to supply the same remedy without
delay. All the cases in which I used it were very marked, and the
epidermis (outer or scarfskin) on the arms, in each case, came away
like the skin of a snake. The following was the exact treatment
followed in each case:

"The patients were thoroughly anointed twice daily with sulphur
ointment [the sulphur ointment used was made by the London
Pharmacopia as follows: sulphur, 4 ozs.; lard,  lb.; oil of
bergamot, 20 minims (drops); mixed]; giving 5 to 10 grains of sulphur
in a little jam, or jelly, 3 times a day, according to the age of the
child and severity of the case. Sufficient sulphur was also burned,
twice daily (on coals on a shovel), to fill the room with the fumes,
and, of course, was thoroughly inhaled by the patient.

"Under this mode of treatment each case improved immediately, and none
was over 8 days in making a complete recovery; and I firmly believe in
each it was prevented from spreading by the treatment adopted. Having
had a large experience in scarlet fever last year and this, I feel
some confidence in my own judgment, and I am of the opinion that the
very mildest cases I ever saw do not do half as well as bad cases do
by the sulphur treatment, and as far as I can judge sulphur is as near
a specific (positive cure) for scarlet fever as possible."

=2. Scarlet Fever, Sulphurous Acid Treatment of.=--Dr. L. Waterman, of
Indianapolis, Ind., in an epidemic there in 1876, gives his experience
in the use of sulphurous acid. He says:

"I early adopted an anti-zymotic (anti-poisoning) principle, the
administration of 10 to 30 drops, every 2, 3, or 4 hours, of
sulphurous acid, diluted, in a little water. I treated eleven severe
cases. The ten treated after its adoption recovered."

=3. Scarlet Fever--Length of Time Dangerous to Others.=--In this disease
the parent and the school teacher are often concerned to know how
long a time must elapse before it is safe to admit those who have had
the disease to mingle with other children, or with the family, and go
to school.

For a month, at least, the body of a scarlet fever patient is casting
off scales, or particles, from the skin. The nose, throat, bowels and
kidneys are also throwing off poisonous matter for this length of
time, which will communicate the disease to others. The chief danger,
however, is from the skin, as this is the main outlet for the blood
poison to escape, and every scale or particle of dry dust from the
skin carries the infection.

Therefore greasing the patient, by rubbing a bacon rind over them,
which, by some, has been recommended as beneficial to the patient,
will certainly do this good, i.e., it will keep these minute scales
from rising into the air, and thus prevent the communication of the
disease to others from this source. But a Dr. Chapin, in a
communication to the _Brief_, of St. Louis, informs its readers that
he has used the ham fat (as he calls the bacon rind) in every case for
20 years, and has lost but few patients since using it, and must have
treated some hundreds, and gives the following as his plan; "As soon
as I diagnose (_i.e._, determine it to be) a case of scarlet fever, I
have the patient put on Canton flannel, or better, if in winter, fine
all wool underclothing; then cut a piece of rind from a pretty fat,
fresh smoked ham, with a half inch of the fat upon it; then warm the
hand, also the slice of ham, rub the hand on the fat, and then on the
patient, till they are well covered, except the face. (The author
cannot see why the fat may not be rubbed directly upon the
surface--rather think it is the best plan, then rub it in with the
hand.) Do this night and morning as long as the eruptions and fever
continue; put them in bed, cover up warm and give as much cold water
as they like. (I prefer the warm lemonade if agreeable to the child,
as named above in No. 3.) The greasing is very satisfactory, allaying
the burning and itching, which are so annoying." See also the sulphur
ointment in No. 1 of scarlet fever; note for making it.

=1. Typhoid Fever--Treatment in Its More Malignant Character.=--The
malignant character of this disease not being as prevalent in the
North as in the South, I will first give the treatment used by Dr. J.
J. Jones, of Conway Station, Ark., reported through the _Medical
Brief_, of St. Louis, who has treated this disease in all its grades
for over 25 years. When it takes on its malignant character of
dysentery or pneumonia, which are inflammatory and dangerous if not
properly met or treated in their commencement, he said that after
testing various modes of treatment, he adopted the following:

I. First cleanse the alimentary canal with syrup of rhubarb and
bi-carbonate of soda.

II. Follow this with spirits of turpentine, 30 drops; oil of
sassafras, 60 drops; tinct. opium (laudanum) 25 drops; mix into well
beaten whites of two eggs well sweetened with loaf sugar. Dose--Give
an adult 1 tablespoonful of this emulsion every 3 hours.

III. If the pulse is full and firm, and over 100 per minute, give the
following: Tincture of gelseminum, 1 oz.; fluid extract of aconite (of
the root is best),  dr.; spirits of nitre, 2 drs.; mix. Dose--Give
10 to 15 drops, for an adult, every 3 hours, until the pulse drops
below 100. (The author would say, keep the pulse under 100, given this
alternately with the emulsion--first one, then, one and a half hours
after, the other; but these drops must not be continued to reduce the
pulse much below 100 at the first. If it does this, lessen the dose,
or make it 4 or 5 hours apart.)

IV. To control the temperature (heat of the surface), if it runs very
high, which it frequently does, we resort to the wet sheet pack, as it
is an important agent in the successful treatment of typhus and
typhoid fevers. Use vinegar and spirits of camphor in place of water
to wet the sheet, as it is much more sedative (calming, allaying
irritation and pain), and less dangerous than water. After the pulse
and temperature is brought below 100, we give large doses of tinct. of
iron (muriated tinct. of iron is meant, and 15 to 20 drops would be
large enough, once in 3 or 4 hours), checking the diarrha, which is
so common in typhoid fever. Alternate this (the iron tincture) with
pure hard cider or lemonade. Diet: dried beef tea, and milk gruel
seasoned with pepper; give egg-nog if there are pneumonic symptoms.

_Remarks_--It would be well to say here, see "Use of Milk in Diarrha,
Dysentery, etc." I also say that my own plan has been to sponge the
whole surface with bay rum and water (equal parts), sufficiently often
to keep down the excessive heat; and if bay rum is too expensive, use
whiskey and water --warm, if preferred by the patient; or vinegar and
spirits of camphor will be good, if the heat is not too excessive. The
bay rum, however, is more agreeable in flavor, especially for use
about the face and hands. The patient can do this face sponging as
often as the heat demands it, keeping a dish of the mixture and a
small sponge near for the purpose. If the sponging, in place of the
wet sheet, is resorted to, let it be done as often as the comfort of
the patient demands it--doing it under the bed clothes, to avoid any
exposure to cold air.

The lemonade recommended by Dr. Jones, or some of the drinks for fever
patients in other parts of this work, would be very desirable; but
what he calls "pure hard cider," unless reduced with cold water, would
generally, I think, be a little too "hard;" however, it can soon be
ascertained by trial. Whatever the patient craves in the line of drink
or food, I believe in allowing moderately; and never to refuse even
cold water right from the well or spring, as old allopathy used to do
in the years "auld lang syne," by which, I have not a doubt, thousands
of persons, burning up with fever, have lost their lives, where, if
water had been allowed, they might just as well have been saved to
their friends and usefulness.

=2. Typhoid Fever, the Value of Coffee in.=--Dr. Guillasse, of the
French Navy, on typhoid fever, says: "Coffee has given us unhoped for
satisfaction; after having dispensed it, we find, to our great
surprise, that its action is as prompt as it is decisive. No sooner
have our patients taken a few tablespoonfuls of it than their features
become relaxed, and they come to their senses. The next day the
improvement is such that we are tempted to look upon coffee as a
specific (positive cure) for typhoid fever. Under its influence the
stupor is dispelled, and the patient rouses from the state of
somnolency in which he has been since the invasion of the disease.
Soon all the functions take their natural course, and he enters upon
convalescence." Dose--Dr. Guillasse gives to an adult 2 or 3
tablespoonfuls of strong, black coffee every two hours, alternated
with 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls of claret or Burgundy wine. A little lemonade
or citrate of magnesia should be taken daily, and after awhile
quinine. From the fact that malaria and cerebral fever appear first,
_i.e._, a general prostration, with head or brain fever, accompanied
with stupor, or great tendency to sleep, somnolency, from the Latin
_somnus_, to sleep. The doctor regards typhoid fever as a nervous
disease, and the coffee acting on the nerves is peculiarly indicated
in the early stages before local complications arise.


DISINFECTANTS FOR ALL CONTAGIOUS DISEASES--FOR THE SICK-ROOM, BODY AND
BED-CLOTHING, WATER-CLOSETS, SEWERS, ETC.

The following instructions were published in the _Hospital Gazette_ by
the National Board of Health, which was composed of some of the most
prominent men in the medical profession:

"Disinfection is the destruction of the poisons of infectious and
contagious diseases.

"Deodorizers, or substances which destroy smells, are not necessarily
disinfectants, and disinfectants do not necessarily have an odor.

"Disinfection cannot compensate for want of cleanliness nor of
ventilation.

=1. Disinfectants to be Employed.=--I. "Roll sulphur (brimstone) for
fumigation.

II. _Copperas Solution._--"Sulphate of iron (copperas) dissolved in
water in the proportion of 1 lbs. to 1 gal.; for soil, sewers, etc.

[The author, during the present summer (in the month of August, 1882),
dissolved 3 lbs. of common copperas in a common wooden pail, holding
about 2 or 3 gals., by pouring on hot water, and with an old dipper
threw it all about on the privy used by about 15 persons, which so
completely deodorized and disinfected it that it required no more
until late in the season.]

III. _Zinc Solution._--"Sulphate of zinc and common salt, dissolved
together in water in the proportions of 4 ozs. sulphate and 2 ozs. of
salt to 1 gal.; for clothing, bed linen, etc.

"NOTE.--Carbolic acid is not included in the above list for the
following reasons: It is very difficult to determine the quality of
the commercial article, and the purchaser can never be certain of
securing it of proper strength; it is expensive, when of good quality,
and experience has shown that it must be employed in comparatively
large quantities to be of any use; besides it is liable, by its strong
odor, to give a false sense of security.

=2. How to Use Disinfectants.=--I. "_In the Sick Room_.--The most
valuable agents are fresh air and cleanliness. The clothing, towels,
bed linen, etc., should, on removal from the patient, and before they
are taken from the room, be placed in a pail or tub of the zinc
solution, boiling hot, if possible. All discharges should either be
received in vessels containing the copperas solution, or, when this is
impracticable, should be immediately covered with the solution. All
vessels used about the patient should be cleansed or rinsed with the
same. Unnecessary furniture--especially that which is
stuffed,--carpets and hangings, should, when possible, be removed from
the room at the outset; otherwise they should remain for subsequent
fumigation, as next explained.

II. "_Fumigation_.--Fumigation with sulphur is the only practical
method for disinfecting the house. For this reason the rooms to be
disinfected must be vacated. Heavy clothing, blankets, bedding, and
other articles which cannot be treated with the zinc solution, should
be opened and exposed during fumigation, as next directed. Close the
rooms tightly as possible, place the sulphur in iron pans supported
upon bricks placed in wash-tubs containing a little water, set it on
fire by hot coals, or with the aid of a spoonful of alcohol, and allow
the room to remain closed 24 hours. For a room about 10 feet square at
least 2 lbs. of sulphur should be used; for larger rooms,
proportionally increased quantities.

III. "_Premises_.--Cellars, yards, stables, gutters, privies,
cess-pools, water-closets, drains, sewers, etc., should be frequently
and liberally treated with the copperas solution, No. 2. The copperas
solution is easily prepared by hanging a basket containing about 60
lbs. of copperas in a barrel of water. [This would be 1 lbs. to the
gallon, or about that. It should all be dissolved.]

IV. "_Body and Bed-Clothing, etc_.--It is best to burn all articles
which have been in contact with persons sick with contagious or
infectious diseases. Articles too valuable to be destroyed should be
treated as follows:

"(_a_.) Cotton, linen, flannels, blankets, etc., should be treated
with the boiling hot zinc solution; introduce piece by piece; secure
thorough wetting, and boil for at least half an hour.

"(_b_.) Heavy woollen clothing, silks, furs, stuffed bed-covers, beds,
and other articles which cannot be treated with the zinc solution,
should be hung in the room during the fumigation, their surfaces
thoroughly exposed, and the pockets turned inside out. Afterwards they
should be hung in the open air, beaten and shaken. Pillows, beds,
stuffed mattrasses, upholstered furniture, etc., should be cut open,
the contents spread out and thoroughly fumigated. Carpets are best
fumigated on the floor, but should afterward be removed to the open
air and thoroughly beaten.

V. "_Corpses_.--Corpses should be thoroughly washed with a zinc
solution of double strength; should then be wrapped in a sheet wet
with zinc solution, and buried at once. Metallic, metal-lined, or
air-tight coffins should be used when possible, certainly when the
body is to be transported for any considerable distance."

=1. SMALL-POX=--=A Certain Cure.=--Wm. Grandy, of Detroit, communicated
the following item of Mr. Hines' to the Detroit _Tribune_, which he
had seen in the Toronto _Weekly Globe_, with these remarks:

"Small-pox being so fatal and so much dreaded, an unfailing remedy
like the following, so simple and so safe, once discovered, ought to
be brought to the knowledge of the masses without hesitation or
delay."

"I am willing," says Edward Hines, "to risk my reputation as a public
man if the worst case of small-pox cannot be cured in three days
simply by cream of tartar. This is the sure and never-failing remedy:
Cream of tartar, 1 oz., dissolved in boiling water, 1 pt.; to be drank
when cold, at short intervals. It can be taken at any time and is a
preventive as well as a curative. It is known to have cured thousands
of cases without fail. I have myself restored hundreds by this means.
It never leaves a mark, never causes blindness, and always prevents
tedious lingering."

_Remarks_.--Although this seems to be very strong language, yet I have
never seen it disputed, nor have I seen by any reports of cases that
it has been adopted in this country; but, as it is deemed very
important to keep the bowels in a solvent condition in this disease,
no better and no safer medicine can be adopted for this purpose. Let
it be used, by all means.

=2. Small-Pox, Prevented by Vaccination.=--Dr. Woolsey reported the case
in the _Pacific Medical and Surgical Journal_ as follows: "Small-pox
occurred in a Chinese boarding house, at a jute factory, containing
seven hundred and ten persons, under the same roof. Seven were sick,
one of whom died, when all were vaccinated, and no other case
occurred, thus exemplifying the protective power of vaccination, or of
some very remarkable coincident."

_Remarks._--Webster says "coincident" is having coincidence (_i.e.,
some circumstance_), agreeing, corresponding, _consistent_. I have
italicised the word consistent merely to show how inconsistent it
would be to suppose that any other circumstance could have given such
protective power, except the vaccination. Then I think I have said
enough when I say there cannot be a reasonable doubt but that
vaccination is not only a protection, but that it is also safe; and
therefore it ought to be adopted and insisted upon by boards of
health, and also by parents and guardians.


<f>=1. Neuralgia, Headache, etc., English Remedy for.=</f>--The intimate
mixture of equal parts of chloral hydrate and camphor will produce a
clear fluid, which is of the greatest value as a local application in
neuralgia. Dr. Lenox Brown states, in one of the English medical
journals, he has employed it in his practice, and induced others to do
so, and that in every case it has afforded great and, in some
instances, instantaneous relief. Its success does not appear to be at
all dependent on the nerve affected, it being equally efficacious in
neuralgia of the larynx, and in relieving spasmodic cough of a nervous
or hysterical character. It is only necessary to paint the mixture
lightly over the painful part, and to allow it to dry. It never
blisters, though it may occasion a tingling sensation of the skin. For
headache it is also found an excellent application. DIRECTIONS--Rub
the two together in a mortar, which liquifies them, then bottle and
paint over the parts lightly, as above. For toothache, apply with
lint, and rub upon the gums. I called upon one of the principal
druggists of Ann Arbor, Mich., where I was then living, to see if they
would mix, and also to see if they would make a clear fluid, as
mentioned in the recipe; but I found he had mixed them several times
for the last two years, and the result had been satisfactory. He had
used the mixture personally, by wetting cotton in it and putting it
into a decayed tooth, but the tooth was so extensively ulcerated at
the roots, although it kept down the pain, yet it had to be extracted
some two months after. But for common neuralgic pains the relief was
generally instantaneous.

=2. Neuralgia Pill, Tonic Alterative and Stimulant for.=--Quinine, 1
dr.; morphine, 1 grs.; strychnine, 1 gr.; arsenious acid, 1 grs.;
solid ex. of aconite, 10 grs.; mix very thoroughly and divide into 30
pills. Dose.--Take 1 pill only, 2 hours after each meal; never more
than three daily, and never more than 1 at a time.

_Remarks._--This will be found a very valuable pill for neuralgia and
all cases requiring tonic, alterative, anodyne or stimulative
treatment, and especially so far as females of a weak and feeble
habit, or condition generally. Valuable in ague, or chills and fever
particularly. Some will say they contain some poisonous articles; so
they do, and so do most medicines; but if they are made carefully and
taken only as directed they will hurt none, but benefit many. (See
also remarks after next recipe; see also tonic elixir, etc.)

=3. Neuralgia=--=Warning of a Poor State of Health.=--I cannot do better,
in closing the subject of Neuralgia, than by giving the following
sensible statement from the London (Eng.) _Lancet_, to show the
importance of toning up the system of those afflicted with this
terrible disease. (The Neuralgic Pills mentioned will do it nicely.)

/#
"The great prevalence of neuralgia--or what commonly goes by that name--should
be regarded as a warning indicative of a low condition of health,
which must necessarily render those who are affected with this painful malady
especially susceptible to the invasion of other diseases of an aggressive kind.
This is the season (autumn) at which it is particularly desirable to be strong and
well furnished with the sort of strength that affords a natural protection against
disease. There will presently be need of all the internal heat which the organism
can command, and a good store of fat for use as fuel is not to be despised.
It is no less essential that the vital forces should be vigorous, and the nerve
power, especially, in full development. Neuralgia indicates a low or depressed
state of vitality, and nothing so rapidly exhausts the system as pain that prevents
sleep, and agonizes both body and mind. It is, therefore, of the first
moment that attacks of this affection, incidental to and indicative of a poor and
weak state, should be promptly placed under treatment, and, as rapidly as may
be, controlled. It is worth while to note this fact, because, while the spirit of
manliness incites the 'strong-minded' to patient endurance of suffering, it is
not wise to suffer the distress caused by this malady, as many are now suffering
it, without seeking relief, forgetful of the condition it bespeaks, and the constitutional
danger of which it is a warning sign."
#/

_Remarks._--If the system is to be toned up, the first question is,
how? Start out with a brisk cathartic; then follow with an alterative,
as for rheumatism (which see), and also a good tonic bitters, or the
Neuralgic Pills, as you choose; the pills are both tonic and
alterative, and may cover both points with entire satisfaction, and
especially so with females in a debilitated condition.

=1. EARACHE=--=Cure for.=--Take a large onion and cut it into slices: put
a slice of onion, then a slice (the author would say a piece of leaf
the size of the onion) of strong tobacco, then a slice of onion again,
then tobacco, till the onion is all laid up, then wrap in a wet cloth
and cover in hot embers till the onion is cooked; press out the juice
with heavy pressure, and drop into the ear. It gives instant relief.
Solution of morphine will have a good effect also.

_Remarks._--I should drop in only 3 or 4 drops of the onion and
tobacco juice at first, lest the influence of the tobacco might be too
great, and repeat, if it was necessary. What is called a solution of
sulphate of morphia, or _liquor morphia sulphatis_, kept by druggists,
is of the strength of 1 grain of sulphate of morphia to 1 ounce of
water only. Each teaspoonful of it would contain {1/8} grain and would
be a full dose by mouth, which could be repeated, on an adult, in from
30 minutes to 2 hours, according to the severity of the pain for which
it was given. To drop into the ear it might be, probably, twice as
strong, without danger of injury. A few drops, say 4 or 5, of laudanum
ought to have the same effect. The laudanum may be put with an equal
amount of sweet oil, and the amount doubled, which would have a good
effect in softening the wax of the ear. The onion cure is from Mr.
Ford, of Iowa, who was referred to in the neuralgia (German cure,
which see).

=2. Ear, Ulcerations in=--=Very Certain Remedy.=--Pulverized sanguinaria
canadensis (blood root), 1 dr., in soft water, 1 pt.; steep and
strain. DIRECTIONS--Pour into the ear, or, what is better, syringe out
the ear 2 or 3 times daily with it--a little warm.

=1. TOOTHACHE=--=Common Cures for.=--The following are common things
recommended for the cure of toothache, outside of the profession, and
are good remedies:

I. Alum, in very fine powder,  oz.; spirits of nitrous ether, 7 drs.;
mix, and apply with lint if the nerve is exposed, and also around the
tooth. This is claimed to never fail, unless it is of a rheumatic
character.

II. Equal parts of powdered alum and salt, mixed; then wet a bit of
cotton, to make the powder adhere, and apply to the hollow of the
tooth.

III. Saltpetre, pulverized and applied by cotton, cures nervous
toothache at once.

=2. Toothache Drops, Dr. Chase's.=--Best alcohol, 2 ozs.; chloroform, 1
oz.; sulphuric ether, 1 ozs.; laudanum, oil of cloves, and oil of
sassafras, of each,  oz.; oil of lavender, 1 dr.; gum camphor, 1 oz.;
mix all, and keep well corked.

_Remarks._--I have used this very successfully for a long time--have
manufactured and sold it, and have put others into the same business.
I put it up in 2 dr. bottles, retailing it at 25 cents, and have yet
to find anything better. Apply to the exposed nerve by means of
cotton, and put freely around the gums.

=Polypus of the Nose= has been cured by mixing the powdered blood root,
4 grs., with vaseline, 1 oz., and putting this upon cotton and
pressing it up against the tumor. One month's application removed it.
This was done by Dr. W. W. Carpenter, of Petaluma, Cal., and reported
in the _Medical Brief_.

=Burns and Scalds, Instantaneous Relief for.=--The bi-carbonate of soda
(the common cooking soda, found in almost every kitchen) has been
found an exceedingly valuable remedy in the treatment of burns and
scalds, giving almost, if not absolutely, instantaneous relief from
pain, as well as a cure for the wound, by continuing its use. MODE OF
APPLICATION--The injured part is to be moistened, then the dry soda,
finely powdered, is to be sprinkled carefully upon it, to entirely
cover the injury, and the whole wrapped with a wet cloth--linen is
best. The relief is often instantaneous.

_Remarks._--_Harper's Weekly_ informs us that a Dr. Waters, of Salem,
Mass., in speaking of the new remedy for burns and scalds, before the
Massachusetts Dental Society, deliberately dipped a sponge into
boiling water and squeezed it over his wrist, producing a severe scald
around his arm some two inches wide, and continued the application,
despite the suffering, for half a minute. Then he at once sprinkled on
the bi-carbonate of soda, and applied the wet cloth, which almost
instantly deadened the pain; and on the next day after this single
application of the soda, the less injured parts were practically
well, only a slight discoloration being perceptible, the severe
portions being healed in a few days, by simply continuing the wet
cloth bandage.

=Ill Health=--=How Many People Bring it Upon Themselves.=

I. By eating too fast and too much.

II. By not chewing the food enough to make it fine, slushing it down
with too much fluid all through the meal.

III. By drinking spirits, or intoxicating drinks, too freely and too
frequently.

IV. By keeping late hours at night, and sleeping it off in the
forenoon.

V. By wearing too tight clothing, which prevents a free circulation of
the blood.

VI. By wearing too thin shoes, and not protecting the feet from
dampness and cold.

VII. By neglecting to take sufficient exercise to keep the feet and
hands warm.

VIII. By neglecting to wash and rub the body with a coarse towel
sufficiently to keep the pores of the skin open, for the escape of the
effete, or worn-out, matter of the system.

IX. By changing the warm clothing of the day for light and
inefficient, to attend evening parties.

X. By starving the stomach, as some do, to have enough to gratify the
frivolous passion for dress.

XI. By being constantly in a fret and worry, lest this or that shall
not go as desired, or, in other words, borrowing trouble.

XII. By eating and drinking at any or all hours of the day or night,
instead of eating at regular hours and in only moderate
quantities--nine-tenths of the people eat twice as much as is
necessary to sustain life and health.

=1. Lock-jaw or Tetanus Remedy and Preventive.=--A medical authority
says: "Let anyone who has an attack of lock-jaw take a small quantity
of spirits of turpentine; warm it and pour it into the wound--no
matter what the wound is, or what its nature is--and relief will
follow in less than one minute. Nothing better can be applied to a
severe cut or bruise than cold turpentine; it will give certain relief
almost instantly."

=2. Lock-jaw, or Tetanus, Quickly Relieved.=--A Dr. Bigelow reports, in
the _Practitioner_, a case of lock-jaw, or tetanus, caused by a rusty
nail penetrating the foot, which was relieved in less than 20 minutes
by introducing 1 dr. of the hydrate of chloral into the wound after it
had been enlarged by incision.

=Flesh Wounds and Fresh Cuts=--=To prevent Bleeding, Relieve Pain,
Etc.=--Everybody is liable to be cut or to receive other flesh wounds,
away from surgical or veterinary aid; hence they ought to know how to
proceed to save their own, or the life of a friend or beast, by
exercise of common judgment.

I. If there is a flow of blood, close the wound with the hand and hold
it firmly together so as to check the flow, and keep it thus until a
bandage can be obtained or stitches can be taken, if necessary, and
the final bandaging is applied. Bathing well with cold water, and
keeping bandages wet with it, is the latest method of treatment. I
have known, however, one-half whiskey to be used for this purpose, and
believe it to be the best.

II. If the wound is painful, take a pan of burning coals and sprinkle
upon them common brown sugar, and hold the wounded part in the smoke.
In a minute or two the pain will be allayed, and the recovery proceed
rapidly.

_Remarks._--If the burning of wool will relieve pain and prevent
lock-jaw from punctured wounds, why should not sugar do the same?
Although I cannot understand the why nor the wherefore, yet I still
believe that both the smoke of wool and sugar have cured many cases,
otherwise these items would never have been reported.

=1. NOSE BLEED AND HICCOUGHS=--=Novel, but Certain Remedy.=--The
_Scientific American_ reports the following novel plan for checking
bleeding at the nose: "The best remedy for bleeding at the nose, as
given by Dr. Gleason, in one of his lectures, is in the vigorous
motion of the jaws, as if in the act of mastication (chewing). In the
case of a child, a wad of paper should be placed in its mouth, and the
child should be instructed to chew it hard. It is the motion of the
jaws that stops the flow of blood. This remedy is so very simple that
many will feel inclined to laugh at it, but it has never been known to
fail in a single instance, even in very severe cases."

_Remarks._--About the time of writing upon the subject, I received a
letter from a Mrs. Harlan, of Hutton, Coles Co., Ill., wherein she
confirmed the above as to bleeding from the nose; and by the
additional point of pressing the fingers into the ears, with the
motion as if chewing, it also cures hiccough. And now I have an
endorsement of my own as to its value in hiccough, for I, at that
time, had a little granddaughter living in the family who had been
often troubled with hiccoughs, and only a day or two after the receipt
of Mrs. Harlan's letter the child had an attack of them, and in two
minutes, at most, from the time I directed her and showed her how to
do it, according to Mrs. Harlan's plan of putting the fingers into the
ears, and then "chew," the child was cured. She has had no further
attack as yet a little over three years, while before they had held
her an hour or two, sometimes longer, and it occurred quite
frequently. It seems to have been an absolute cure.

=2. Hiccough, French Remedy for Children=--=Instantaneous
Relief.=--According to the Lyons (France) _Gazette Mdicale_, Dr.
Grellety says:

"I have observed that hiccoughs in children are immediately stopped by
giving them a lump of sugar saturated with table vinegar. The same
remedy was tried on adults with similar instantaneous success."

The sugar plan is confirmed by the following from Henry Tucker, M.D.,
in the _South Medical Record_, under the heading of "A specific for
Singulturs" (the physicians', or the Latin, name for hiccough):

"This very common affection, of infants and children especially, has a
specific remedy, at least one which I have never known to fail.
Moisten granulated sugar with cider vinegar; give to an infant from a
few grains to a teaspoonful. The effect is almost instantaneous, and
the dose seldom needs to be repeated. I have used it for all ages,
from infants of a few months old to people on the down-hill side of
life."

=1. Ague, or Chills and Fever=--=Certain Cure for.=--Quinine, 31 grs.;
aromatic sulphuric acid and laudanum, each, 31 drops; water, 3 ozs.
Dose--A teaspoonful 3 times a day, before meals.

_Remarks._--This was given me by Mrs. Catharine Baldwin, of Toledo,
O., formerly of Put-in-Bay, where she obtained it, and knew of its
curing several of the _most obstinate_ or long-standing chronic cases,
which "nothing," as the saying goes, "would cure." I have used it with
success, making only this difference with the receipt: Using 40 grs.
of the quinine and 40 drops of the oil of vitriol and laudanum, in 4
ozs. of water (to make the quantity a little more); then, for an
adult, directing a tablespoonful three hours, two hours and one hour
before the chill should commence--which will break it. After that, 1
teaspoonful 3 times daily, just after meals, till all is taken, will
cure most cases.

=2. Ague Pills, Very Cheap and Very Effective, Without
Quinine.=--Chinoidine, 1 oz.; dovers powders, 3 drs.; piperine, 40
grs.; sub-carbonate of iron, 2 drs.; stiff mucilage of gum arabic
sufficient to work into pills, and mix very intimately and make into
usual sized pills. [The author would say to make into 440 pills, to be
sure to have 1 gr. of chinoidine in each pill.] Dose.--Take 2 pills
every 2 hours until 6 or 8 are taken, in the absence of fever. After
the first day 2 pills 3 times a day, just before meals, in the absence
of chills or fever.

_Remarks._--This recipe is decidedly a good one, either as an ague
cure or as a general tonic. Chinoidine pills, however, in warm weather
get soft and should, therefore, have plenty of powdered liquorice root
among them to prevent their sticking together.

=3. Ague Pills for Obstinate Cases.=--Alcoholic ex. of nux vomica, 10
grs.; quinine, 30 grs.; pulverized capsicum, 20 grs. DIRECTIONS--Mix
very thoroughly and divide into 30 pills. First give an active
cathartic to get a good action upon the bowels; then give two of the
pills an hour before eating, 3 times daily, until cured, then one pill
for a dose the same way until all are taken.

_Remarks._--This was from an old physician in Tennessee to a Baptist
minister who had had ague a long time, not being able to get it cured.
This did the work. He gave it to my cousin, Dr. A. B. Moon, of Toledo,
O., who says he failed only in a single case for the many years he had
used it.

=1. CINDERS OR DUST IN THE EYES=--=To Remove.=--A correspondent writes to
the _Scientific American_ this remedy for cinders in the eye: "A small
camel's hair brush dipped in water and passed over the ball of the eye
on raising the lid. The operation requires no skill, takes but a
moment, and instantly removes any cinder or particle of dust or dirt
without inflaming the eye."

=2.= Another writer says: "Persons travelling much by railway are
subject to continual annoyance from the flying cinders. On getting
into the eyes they are not only painful for the moment, but are often
the cause of long suffering that ends in a total loss of sight. A very
simple and effective cure is within the reach of everyone, and would
prevent much suffering and expense were it more generally known. It is
simply one or two grains of flax seed. It is said they may be placed
in the eye without injury or pain to that delicate organ, and shortly
they begin to swell and dissolve a glutinous substance that covers the
ball of the eye, developing any foreign substance that may be in it.
The irritation or cutting of the membrane is thus prevented, and the
annoyance may soon be washed out. A dozen of these grains stowed away
in the vest pocket may prove, in an emergency, worth their number in
gold dollars."

=1. Quick Emetics for Accidental Poisoning.=--Another writer gives the
following instructions for the management in accidents, poisoning,
etc. He says: "Quickly mix a couple of ounces of powdered chalk or
magnesia with a pint of milk and swallow the whole at one draught.
Then run the finger down the throat and move it gently from side to
side. This will induce vomiting; after which drink freely of warm milk
and water and repeat the vomiting. Milk is an antidote for almost all
poisons, narcotics excepted, especially if used promptly, and followed
by vomiting. In narcotic poisoning, as by laudanum, opium or morphine,
promptly give an emetic of mustard and water, followed by copious
draughts of warm water and salt, until vomiting is induced. Keep the
patient moving, and do not allow him to sleep. Send in haste for your
family physician."

=2. Poisoning by Poison Ivy=--=Remedy.=--Bromine, 15 grs., rubbed in 1 oz.
of olive oil, or glycerine, and apply 3 or 4 times daily; one
application at bed-time has been found effectual; a poultice of
clay-mud has also cured many cases.

=3. Poisoning by Henbane, Tobacco, or Stramonium, and Bites of
Snakes=--=Remedy.=--The oil of sassafras has been found a remedy against
the poison of these articles. Given in 15 drop doses, 30 minutes
apart, for six doses, restored consciousness when the flowers of
stramonium had been eaten by a boy 4 years old; after which a dose of
castor oil was given to work it off by the bowels.

_Remarks._--This is from a Dr. A. W. Lyle, of Castleton, Ind., in
_Medical Brief_, in which he also gives Dr. Thompson's account of the
value of oil of sassafras for henbane and tobacco poisoning, and also
says: "It will destroy all insect life, and is an effectual antidote
for the bite of venomous copperhead snakes." He recommends all
physicians to try it, and, the author thinks, it is equally good for
the people. He does not give the dose in these last cases: but if a
boy of four years can take 15 drops, an adult may take at least 40.
And in the snake-bites, I would rub it on the wounds also, and repeat
as he directs.


=SALVES, OINTMENTS, PLASTERS, POULTICES, ETC.=

=1. Ointment of St. John's Wort and Stramonium, for Tumors, Bruised and
Blackened Spots, etc.=--Tops and flowers, recently picked, of St.
John's Wort (_hypericum perforatum_), fresh _stramonium_ leaves, each
 lb.; lard, 1 lb. DIRECTIONS--Bruise the herbs and put into the lard
and gently heat for an hour, then strain. Rub and heat into the
swellings, caked breasts, hard tumors and ecchymosed spots (spots
which have been bruised and the blood settled under the skin)
thoroughly.

_Remarks._--Prof. King also says the saturated (as strong as can be
made) tincture of the St. John's Wort is nearly as valuable as that of
arnica, for bruises, and may be substituted for it in many cases. (See
also the recipe for coughs, colds, hoarseness, etc., for the further
value of St. John's Wort.)

=2. Ointment and Salve for General Purposes, Norton's.=--I. For the
ointment, lard, 1 lb.; rosin, 5 ozs.; beeswax and gum camphor, each 2
ozs.; oil of origanum and spirits of turpentine, each 1 oz.
DIRECTIONS--Melt the lard, rosin and beeswax together; break up the
camphor gum as fine as you can, and when you remove the first from the
fire, after all are melted, stir in the gum and continue to stir till
the camphor gum is melted, and all is quite cool; then put in the
origanum and turpentine, and keep stirring until it sets, or
stiffens; box, or put in a fruit can, and cover to exclude air.

_Remarks._--"It is good, very good, for all general purposes," says my
sister, Mrs. Norton, from whom I obtained it.

II. _For the Salve._--Use 5 lbs. of rosin; and in place of the lard
use 6 ozs. of mutton tallow: all the other ingredients as for the
ointment, and melt; but as soon as the gum camphor is melted, and
after having removed it from the fire, put in the oil and turpentine,
and stir well for a minute or two; then pour into cold water, and pull
and work the same as shoemaker's wax; then roll into sticks, and wrap
each stick by itself.

_Remarks._--Valuable as a strengthening salve or plaster to apply over
all weaknesses, rheumatic and other pains, anywhere on body or limbs.

=3. Salve, or Balsam, for Wounds, Cracks, or Internal Pains.=--Rosin, 2
lbs.; spirits of turpentine, 1 qt.; balsam of fir, 4 ozs.; oil of
hemlock, 2 ozs. DIRECTIONS--Melt the rosin and remove from the fire;
then, when a little cool, stir in the fir, turpentine, and last, the
oil of hemlock, continuing to stir until cool enough to remain
permanently mixed.

_Remarks._--I saw this salve on the hands of a Mr. E. B. Mason, a
farmer of Ann Arbor, Mich., upon cracks and a wound of considerable
extent. Noticing its white appearance and adhesiveness, I inquired
about it; he told me he had used it for several years, and thought it
had no equal for wounds, sores, cracks from husking, etc., and also as
a "plaster" over any internal pains whatever. He spoke of it so highly
that I was induced to obtain it for my Third Book. I know it must be
valuable; but I think it will prove too soft for hot weather. Then to
use only half of the spirits of turpentine, and possibly  lb. more
rosin is all the modification needed to adapt it as a plaster to be
applied to other parts of the body. It would be very valuable to wear
over a sore breast, whether from strain or soreness of the lungs. See
also the Centennial Recipes from "Poor Will's" Almanac, at the close
of this department, for an ointment for these purposes.

=4. Salve, Carbolic, for Burns, Sores, etc.=--Lard, 10 ozs.; white wax,
5 ozs.; balsam of fir and carbolic acid, each 1 oz. DIRECTIONS--Melt
the lard and wax together, then add the fir, and when it begins to
thicken, by cooling, stir in the carbolic acid, and put up in tin
boxes, or a suitable jar, covered tightly for use.

_Remarks._--The balsam of fir is very soothing and healing, and makes
the salve stick better to burns or other open sores, at the same time
it hides the disagreeable odor of the carbolic acid. Many persons
think there is no salve equal to those made with the carbolic acid. I
think vaseline, 10 ozs., would be better than the lard as above given.

=5. Weak Back, Valuable Plaster for.=--Burgundy pitch and camphor gum,
each 1 oz.; opium, 1 dr. DIRECTIONS--Melt the pitch, and having broken
up the camphor, and made the opium gum into as fine bits as you can,
stir them in and see that they are dissolved and evenly mixed. Spread
the plaster very thinly on soft leather; wash the back with vinegar as
hot as it can be borne; then rub the parts with dry flannel to make it
red, and apply the plaster hot, and wear it as long as needed,
renewing if necessary. Remember this, in applying a plaster to any
place, if there is any hair where it is to be applied, always clip it
off as close as possible, or shave it off, as thought best. A bandage
will have to be worn with this, as it will work out and soil the
clothing without it.

_Remarks._--I obtained this recipe from Mr. Moross, of this city
(Toledo), a grocer, who said he was cured by it, after he had tried
all the doctors, been to Saratoga for a season, etc., without benefit.
And he also assured me that he had given it to others who were very
bad (the doctor claiming disease of the kidneys); one who had tried
everything and was going home to die, by using this plaster became a
well man. I have tried it personally, and find it valuable, and deem
it worthy of great confidence. I would suggest, however, that the
addition of 1 oz. of rosin to this salve would prevent its running,
without injuring its value.

=6. Itch, Valuable Ointment for.=--Lard,  lb.; sulphur,  oz.; white
precipitate and benzoic acid, each  dr.; sulphuric acid and oil of
bergamot, each  fl. dr.; saltpetre, 1 dr. DIRECTIONS--Have the
saltpetre in powder; melt the lard, remove from the fire, and pour
into an earthen dish; then put into an earthen dish, stirring till
cold. Anoint well, night and morning, until cured, which it is sure to
do as it kills the itch-mite, which burrows in the skin and causes the
itch.

=7. Salve or Ointment for Barber's Itch and Other Sores of a Chronic
and Malignant Character.=--A Mrs. H. J. Merrill, of Toledo, O., gives
me the following, which she had used many years with great success, on
all bad sores of long standing, and of an irritable character: Cleanse
the sore well with warm castile soap suds, dry carefully with soft
cloths and apply sparingly at first, as it will "bite" to show its
power over the disease. Gunpowder, sulphur and alum, each, powdered, 2
tablespoonfuls; unsalted lard, or fresh made unsalted butter,  pt.
DIRECTIONS--Put into an earthen dish, and stew on the back of the
stove for 24 hours, strain and box for use.

=ITCHING (Prurigo), TO CURE=--=Magical.=--Dilute (the medicinal)
hydrocyanic acid and sugar of lead, each 2 drs.; alcohol, 3 ozs.;
distilled or soft water, 1 pt. DIRECTIONS--Dissolve the lead in the
water, then add the acid and shake well, then the alcohol. Wet cloths
and lay upon the itching parts, or apply with the finger, as the case
will allow, frequently.

_Remarks._--The acid is poisonous, hence keep it out of the way of
children. It is claimed to be magical in its quick relief of itching
of any part, but not upon open sores or where the skin is broken. It
is perfectly safe to use when so extensively diluted as this is.

=CHAPPED HANDS, LIPS, CHAFES, ETC.=--=Cold Cream of Glycerine and Rose
for.=--A cream, or liquid, for the above purposes is made by using 1
oz. of white melted wax; 4 ozs. of glycerine, with oil of rose or
other flavor to suit, 4 or 5 drops to flavor.

=1. NERVOUSNESS AND SLEEPLESSNESS=.--=New and Successful Remedy.=--Wm. A
Hammond, M.D., states that he has recently used the bromide of calcium
(lime, from the Latin _calx_, lime) in a number of cases in which the
bromides were indicated, and is satisfied of its great efficacy. He
says:

"The dose is from 15 to 30 grs. or more for an adult. It is especially
useful in those cases in which speedy action is desirable, as owing to
its instability the bromide is readily set free, and its peculiar
action on the organism obtained more promptly than when either of the
other bromides is administered. Chief among these effects is its
hypnotic (sleep producing) influence, and hence the bromide of calcium
is particularly beneficial in cases of delirium tremens, or in the
insomnia (inability to sleep) resulting from intense mental labor or
excitement.

"I gave a single dose of 30 grains of this to a gentleman who, owing
to business anxieties, had not slept for several nights, and who was
in a state of great excitement. He soon fell into a sound sleep, which
lasted for 7 hours. The next night, as he was wakeful, I gave him a
like dose of bromide of potassium, but it was without effect, and he
remained awake the whole night. The subsequent night he was as
indisposed to sleep as he had ever been, but a dose of 30 grains of
bromide of calcium gave him 8 hours' sound sleep, and he awoke
refreshed, with all unpleasant cerebral (head) symptoms--pain,
vertigo, and confusion of ideas--entirely gone.

"In those exhausted conditions of the nervous system, attended with
great irritability, such as are frequently met with in hysterical
women, and which are indicated by headache, vertigo, insomnia and a
mental condition of extreme excitement, bromide of calcium has proved
in my hands of decided service. Combined with the syrup of the
lacto-phosphate (milky phosphate) of lime, it scarcely leaves anything
to be desired. An eligible formula is: Bromide of calcium (lime), 1
oz.; syrup of lacto-phosphate of lime, 4 ozs.; mix. Dose--A
teaspoonful 3 times a day in a little water."

=2. Sleep as a Medicine.=--A physician says: The cry for rest (sleep)
has always been louder than the cry for food. Not that it is more
important, but that it is often harder to obtain. The best rest comes
from sound sleep. Of two men and women, otherwise equal, the one who
sleeps the best will be the most moral, healthy and efficient. Sleep
will do much to cure irritability of temper, peevishness and
uneasiness. It will restore to vigor an overworked brain. It will
build up and make strong a weary body. It will cure a headache. It
will cure a broken spirit. It will cure sorrow. Indeed, we might make
a long list of nervous and other maladies that sleep will cure. The
cure of sleeplessness requires a clean, good bed, sufficient exercise
to produce weariness, pleasant occupation, good air, and avoidance of
stimulants and narcotics. For those who are overworked, haggard,
nervous, who pass sleepless nights, we recommend the adoption of such
habits as shall secure sleep, otherwise life will be short, and what
there is of it sadly imperfect.

=1. CROUP.=--=Instantaneous Relief=--=Internal Remedy.=--It is claimed that
alum and sugar will cure croup in one minute, by shaving or grating
off 1 teaspoonful of the alum and mixing it with twice as much sugar,
and giving it at once, the relief being almost instantaneous. Half
these amounts may be repeated once or twice,  hour apart, if the
relief is not permanent.

=2. Croup, External Remedy.=--Saturating (thoroughly wetting) flannel
with spirits of turpentine, and placing upon the throat and chest, has
the credit of being a sovereign remedy, _i.e._, effectual in
controlling the disease. If considerable distress is manifested when
the child wakes up, and after the flannel has been applied a few
minutes, 3 to 5 drops of turpentine may be given on a lump of sugar.
Every family should keep turpentine in the house.

=3. Croup, Emetic for.=--If the foregoing fail in any case, an emetic
may be given, of fl. ex. of ipecac. 5 or 6 drops, every 5 or 6
minutes, for a child of 4 years, giving warm water after 2 or 3 doses,
have been given, continuing the fluid extract as at first, until
vomiting takes place, which will occur generally by the time 5 or 6
doses have been taken; a little more, or a little less, for older or
younger children.

=1. HEADACHE, TO CURE.=--Take a quart bottle and nearly fill it with
water, then put in spirits of hartshorn and spirits of camphor, each 1
oz., and 1 tablespoonful of salt; shake well to dissolve the salt;
then wet cloths with this and apply to the head, and renew as often as
they become hot until relieved. If the stomach is sour, causing the
headache, taking a little bi-carbonate of soda (baking soda) in water,
may help in its cure.

=2. Sick Headache, Tea and Coffee often the Cause.=--A distinguished
doctor of New York, a man of wide experience, says of sick headache:

"Not a case of this disease has ever occurred within my knowledge,
except with the drinkers of narcotic drinks (referring to tea and
coffee), and not a case has failed of being cured on the entire
renunciation of those drinks. Whatever may be said of the violations
of physical law in other respects, tea and coffee may claim sick
headache as their highly-favored representatives."

Dr. Alcott, in writing on this subject, says: "We are driven to the
conclusion that no person can use the smallest quantity of tea or
coffee, or, in fact, of any drink but pure water, without more or less
deranging the action of the stomach and liver, and ultimately through
these, the nerves and brain, of the whole system. Nay, we are driven
to a position stronger still, which is, that no person can take these
poisons at all, without, in a greater or less degree, abridging human
happiness and human life."--_Christian Advocate._

_Remarks._--That the above is the general opinion of our best
physicians, and other scientific men, there is not a doubt. For my own
part I know that the giving up of tea and coffee, and substituting
half milk and half water, for a few weeks at one time, did me much
good. For great lovers of tea and coffee, among my patients, I have
insisted that they take them of only half the usual strength,
especially with those who have frequent headaches, and I claim it
would be better for all; but I do believe that some warm drink, for
general use, and taking tea or coffee of half the usual strength, as I
now do, may be allowed, if not more than one cup is taken at a meal.

=3. Headache, Heartburn, etc., Remedy.=--A teaspoonful of bi-carbonate
of soda (baking soda) in 3 or 4 tablespoonfuls of peppermint, or
cinnamon water, with  teaspoonful of powdered ginger, or a little
essence of Jamaica ginger added, and taken immediately after each
meal, will generally remedy this in a few days. A dose of this, and
repeated in an hour, will be good in headache arising from acidity of
the stomach. If the regularly prepared water (cinnamon or peppermint)
are not on hand, put  teaspoonful of either the essences in water,
with the powdered ginger, or essence of ginger and the soda; or plain
water will do, only not quite so pleasant.

=CASTOR OIL.=--=Its Nauseous and Disgusting Taste Overcome.=--I. A little
glycerine (half the amount of the castor oil) mixed with castor oil,
and 5 to 10 drops of any of the aromatic oils, as sassafras, winter
green, etc., put into the dose, the natural taste of the oil will
scarcely be perceived; or

II. Take the juice of a lemon or two, put a few drops of essence of
cinnamon into it. Heat the oil and stir into the lemon juice, which
forms an emulsion, and almost wholly covers the taste of the oil.

=1. CONSUMPTION, TROUBLESOME COUGH IN=--=Syrup and Tincture as Used in
Charity Hospital, New York.=--I. Cough syrup: Bromide of potassium,
chlorate of potassium, muriate of ammonia, each, 1 drs.; syrup of
tolu, 4 oz.; mix. Dose--One tablespoonful every 2 or 3 hours.

II. Cough Tincture: Paregoric, 1 oz.; tincture belladonna, 1 dr.;
tincture of _hyoscyamus_, 2 drs.; compound spirits lavender, 1 dr.;
mix. Dose--Ten drops on a lump of loaf sugar every hour until cough is
relieved.

_Remarks._--For the hacking, or continuous, coughing of patients far
gone with consumption, either of these will be found satisfactory. But
as prevention is better than cure for those who are liable to have
consumption, but have not got it fastened upon them yet, I will give
the rules of the celebrated Dr. S. S. Fitch, of New York, for its
prevention, as they are certainly valuable and ought to be heeded by
every one. He claims an absolute preventive in all cases and all
persons, but as his rules are so very strict, if they are lived up to,
they will certainly do much to prevent the establishment of this
disease. They are as follows:

=2. Pulmonary Consumption=--=Absolute Prevention of=--=Dr. S. S. Fitch's
Rules for.=--He says: "There is no disease to which we are liable that
is so preventable as consumption. It is absolutely preventable in all
cases and all persons.

I. "From earliest childhood stand erect, walk erect, sit erect, never
stoop, always let the weight of the shoulders fall behind you.

II. "Keep your chest fully expanded by taking constantly, all your
life long, full breaths so as to fully expand your chest. Do this at
all times. Remember you can not have consumption until your chest
shrinks in size, either wholly or partially; so if you keep your chest
flexible and constantly expanded you will be safe from consumption.

III. "Never let a cold run on you. Break it at once by taking active
physic and cough medicines, and putting your feet at bedtime in hot
water; keep them in until you get in a perspiration, and then go to
bed and keep up the perspiration with hot drinks (Thompson's old
'Composition Tea' is one of the best to use to start perspiration; hot
lemonade is good, too); then take a portion of physic, and the next
day your cold will be well. By pursuing this course for a length of
time you get out of the habit of taking cold, and will rarely take
one. Always continue your treatment until your cold is well.

IV. "Avoid all debauching courses that weaken and reduce your
constitution, such as soaking with liquor and actual drunkenness and
dissipation of all kinds and gluttony and late night exposures. In
fact, lead an honest, orderly life, free from vice and every
dissipation, your health will then be equal, regular and constant, and
your life a long and happy one.

V. "Keep your bowels always free by habit, diet or purgatives."

_Remarks._--If these rules are strictly enforced, by parents, with
their children, when small, and by themselves, as soon as they can be
made to understand their importance, very much will be done to improve
the general health, as well as to prevent consumption. None are too
old to take counsel from Rules IV. and V., and I might say also from
Rule III.

=2. Consumption=--=Climatic Changes are believed to have much to do in
its Cure.=--Dr. Talbot Jones, in a communication to the New York
_Medical Journal_, says there are 3,000,000 of persons who die
annually of consumption; and also says that the medical resources are
baffled by this disease and confesses "that climate is the physician's
only dependence for the cure of his consumptive patient." He makes the
following statements in relation to the disease:

/#
      I. "No zone enjoys entire immunity from pulmonary
      consumption.

      II. "The popular belief that phthisis (consumption) is
      common in cold climates is fallacious, and the idea,
      now so prevalent, that phthisis is rare in warm
      climates is as untrue as dangerous.

      III. "The disease causes a large proportion of deaths
      on the sea-shore, the mortality diminishing with
      elevation up to a certain point.

      IV. "Altitude is inimical (opposed) to the development
      of consumption, owing chiefly to the greater purity of
      the atmosphere in elevated situations, its freedom
      from organic matter, and its richness in ozone. [This
      agrees with my own opinion, that high and dry
      situations, especially rolling and consequently dry
      pine lands, are the best places to take up a residence
      in if one has to change at all.]

      V. "Moisture arising from a clay soil, due to
      evaporation, is one of the most influential factors in
      its production.

      VI. "Dampness of the atmosphere, from whatever cause,
      or in any altitude, predisposes to the development of
      the disease, and is hurtful to those already attacked.

      VII. "Dryness is a quality of the atmosphere of
      decided value.

      VIII. "The most unfavorable climate possible for a
      consumptive is one of uniform high temperature and a
      high dew point (warm and moist).

      IX. "The effects, due to a change in the atmosphere,
      are by no means so pernicious as are generally
      supposed, and on this subject present views require
      modification."
#/

=3. Gallic Acid in Consumption.=--Gallic acid, 1 dr.; pulverized Dover's
powder,  dr.; pulverized cubebs and pulverized gum arabic, each, 1
dr., and pulverized liquorice root,  oz. Mix thoroughly. Dose--Half a
teaspoonful, dry, every 3 or 4 hours.

_Remarks_--Dr. Hull said of this: "Out of 200 cases treated during the
past seven months, I found only two that this remedy would not
relieve." Certainly a very marked proportion of cures. The
corroboration I referred to above in the very bad case was reported
also in the _Brief_ by R. H. Holliday, M.D., of Guntley post-office,
N.C. His patient was a man who had been confined to his bed for 170
days, and upon whom he had exhausted his book knowledge without
benefit, the man raising two quarts of thick, purulent matter daily
that smelled terribly, so that he says "the ferryman was waiting to
carry him over, etc., when, upon the appeal of the wife if I could not
do something more for him, I took up the _Brief_, and fell upon Dr.
Hull's gallic acid treatment (above given) and saved my patient."

=SINGERS AND PUBLIC SPEAKERS=--=Loss of Voice, Hoarseness, etc.=--It has
been found that borax has proved a most effective remedy in certain
forms of colds. In sudden hoarseness or loss of voice from colds by
public speakers or singers, relief for an hour or so, as by magic, may
be often obtained by slowly dissolving and partially swallowing a lump
of borax the size of a garden pea, or about three or four grains, held
in the mouth for ten minutes before speaking or singing. This produces
a profuse secretion of saliva, or watering of the mouth or throat,
probably restoring the voice or tone to the dried vocal cords, just as
the wetting brings back the missing notes to a flute when it is too
dry.

_Remarks_--There need be no fear in using 2, 3 or 4 pieces of the size
above named, within the hour before speaking or singing is to
commence. Keep it handy, to use, as needed, during the evening.

=1. COUGH SYRUP=--=An Effectual Remedy for Coughs, Colds, Hoarseness,
etc.=--"E. J. R.," from an inquiry through the Detroit _Tribune_, sends
for publication the following sure cure for cough, cold, hoarseness,
etc., saying it has been tried repeatedly, and is a most invaluable
remedy. It is always kept in our family. It cured a cough of three
years standing to my knowledge. Syrup of squills, 2 ozs.; paregoric, 1
oz.; fl. ex. of liquorice, 1 oz.; fl. ex. of ipecac,  oz.; antimonial
wine,  oz.; ess. of wintergreen or peppermint, 1 dr. Dose--One
teaspoonful every 2 or 3 hours, but not on an empty stomach.

=2. Irritable, Dry or Hacking Coughs, Flaxseed Lemonade for.=--Put 2 or
3 tablespoonfuls of flaxseed and the juice of two good-sized lemons
and 2 or 3 tablespoonfuls of sugar into a dish which can be covered,
and pour on boiling water 1 qt.; cover and let steep until the
mucilage has been drawn out of the seed. DOSE.--A tablespoonful of it
may be taken every hour or two to relieve the hacking, but sipping a
little often is better than larger doses at longer intervals.

=3. Bronchitis, Valuable Remedy for.=--A simple, but oftentimes
efficacious remedy for bronchitis in its early stages, is: Syrup of
tolu, 1 oz.; syrup of squills,  oz.; wine of ipecac, 2 drs.;
paregoric, 3 drs.; mucilage of gum arabic, 1 ozs. Dose--A teaspoonful
3 to 5 times daily, as needed.

=4. Recent Colds, Simple but Sensible Remedy.=--A medical writer says:
"Hot lemonade is one of the best remedies in the world for a cold."
DIRECTIONS.--Roll a good-sized lemon, squeeze out the juice, cut the
rind in slices, put in 2 or three tablespoonfuls of sugar, and pour on
2/3 of a pt. of boiling water, stir well and cover up while the
patient is getting into bed; then drink it all, cover up warm, and the
result will be almost magical.

=5. Colds of Young Children=--=Onion Syrup for=--=Very Valuable.=--Slice up
thinly a few mild onions and sprinkle sugar over them, set in the oven
in a suitable dish to simmer until the juice may be all squeezed out,
then thoroughly mix with the sugar, forming a very nice thick syrup,
or sugar, according to the amount of each used. Dose--A teaspoonful,
or less, according to the age of the child, 4 or 5 times daily, as
needed. It is perfectly safe and reliable for the smallest child; also
valuable for adults.

_Remarks._--This might claim to be a half-brother to General
Washington's cure for colds.

=1. WHOOPING COUGH=--=Remedy for.=--A paper recently read before the New
York Academy of Science, by Dr. H. A. Mott, holds that much of the
mortality among children from whooping cough is attributable to the
prevalent faulty belief that it will be much worse for the child if
the disease is broken up. He says: The disease is now known to be
caused by a fungoid growth (in plants, growing quickly like mushrooms,
coming up in a night; but in animal bodies being slower in growth and
being much of the character of proud flesh, but below he calls them
spores, which indicates them to be more of the nature of an animal
parasite), which begins under the tongue, and spreads backward to the
throat and lungs, the spores requiring from 9 to 15 days to develop.
When the fungus enters the bronchial tubes, most alarming
complications arise. It is, then, best to kill the fungus in its
earliest stage; there would then seldom be any trouble from
bronchitis, cholera infantum, or cerebral (head) difficulties.
Quinine, just after a coughing spell, and before retiring for the
night, is the best remedy.

_Remarks._--I have had no opportunity to try this remedy, yet I do not
doubt its value, for some physicians claim that even chills and fever
are developed by spores. Then as quinine does cure ague may it not be
by killing the spores? most likely. Then by all means try the quinine
immediately after it is known that a child, or anyone, has been
exposed; and if it does not entirely abate it, I believe it will give
it a mildness not otherwise attained. Probably as good a way, or the
best way, to take the quinine for this purpose, is to dissolve it in
one of the following ways:

I. _Quinine, to Dissolve, or Solution of Quinine._--Put 20 grs. of
sulphate of quinine into a 2 oz. vial, and add 1 dr. of aromatic
sulphuric acid, then fill the vial with water. Dose--For an adult, 20
drops once an hour, in a tablespoonful of water. The proper dose for a
child will be 1 drop to each year of its age, in 1 teaspoonful only,
of the water, or if it is a nursing child, in the mother's milk. And
in all cases (if the spore theory is correct, which I have no reason
to doubt) the longer the quinine solution is held in the mouth the
more certain it will be to kill them.

II. Rub 20 grs. each of quinine and tartaric acid together, put into
the same sized vial and fill with water, as in the first case. Dose
and manner of using, the same.

=1. CHOLERA=--=Infallible Cure for.=--Gen. Jordan, of the _Mining Record_,
makes the following statement in relation to the infallible cure of
cholera by the use of chloroform only. It is somewhat strange that
such facts as here stated should not become generally known quicker
than they do; still I can not doubt their being facts, and as I know
that a dozen drops of chloroform in a little water will at once
correct a gaseous condition of a dyspeptic stomach (which see), why
should it not correct a much more disturbed condition by using larger
quantities? I would certainly "go for it," on the "double quick" if
occasion called for it. He says:

"A  teaspoonful of chloroform in about eight times as much water is
an infallible cure for cholera. A doctor who had lived in Mobile,
Ala., and had great success in curing people during a cholera epidemic
there, told me about it. When, in the Cuban revolution, I went to Cuba
to help organize the insurgent army, I had a chance to try the remedy,
for a cholera epidemic broke out among the troops. My first experiment
was on a negro who was in the last stages. It cured him and hundreds
after him. When we marched, the officers carried bottles of
chloroform, and if a man fell out sick with cholera, the remedy was
given and he was able to resume his place. I have seen men lying by
the roadside in a state of collapse, almost dead. An officer would
ride up, dismount and give the remedy, and before the column had
passed the man would be in the ranks again."

=2. Chronic Diarrha=--=A Well Tried Remedy.=--Powdered opium and tannin,
each 10 grs.; mix thoroughly and divide into twenty powders.
Dose--Take one powder in a little syrup every 4 hours, till improved,
then 1 or 2 powders daily, as occasion requires, until the cure is
complete.

_Remarks._--It is not best to check too suddenly, lest fever or other
disturbance of the system arise. Watch carefully, with this, and it
will generally be found effectual.

=PAIN KILLER, Truly Magical, for All Purposes and Places of
Pain.=--Morphine, 10 grs.; chloral hydrate and camphor gum, each  oz.;
chloroform, 1 oz.; nitrite of amyl, 2 drs.; oils of cloves and
cinnamon, each,  oz.; alcohol (best), to fill a 4 oz. bottle.
DIRECTIONS--Dissolve the morphine in a little of the alcohol; rub the
chloral hydrate and the camphor gum together, which forms a liquid,
and add the dissolved morphine and the others, the nitrite of amyl to
be the last, as it is very evaporative; then add 3 or 4 drops of
strong sulphuric acid, which keeps the morphine in solution. Dose--It
may be taken on sugar in doses of 5 to 20 drops, and repeated in 30
minutes to an hour, according to the severity of any internal pain.
For headache inhale from the bottle, from nostril to nostril, and
apply also over the pain.

_Remarks._--This will stop any kind of pain almost immediately, and
does seem, at least, to be magical by its quick action upon the
nerves, relieving pain at once. I have applied it upon the eyeball
(not in the eye, but with the eye closed) holding the finger wet with
it for a minute or two, which causes a counter, or external,
irritation, and would soon cause a blister, which proves its value as
well as its strength and adaptation to the relief of pain in all
situations. I cannot speak of it too highly, for slight pains or
neuralgia of the eye. I shall use it upon painful teeth, neuralgia,
and, in fact, in all pains anywhere, internally and externally. It
will be hard, very hard, to excel. The only objection against it is
its cost (about 25 cents an ounce), when made in small quantities. It
would still be valuable as a liniment if an equal amount of alcohol
was added, which would make it cheaper, but to retain its magical
power it must be kept full strength.

=FELON=--=Warranted Cure for.=--F. F. Lewis, of Whitewater, Wis., says:
"Wind a cloth loosely about the finger, leaving the end free. Pour in
common gunpowder till the afflicted part is entirely covered; then
keep the whole constantly wet with strong spirits of camphor.
Warranted to remove all pain in two hours. Have seen it tried many
times, and never without absolute cure and without pain or injury to
the hand."

=SUN-STROKE AND APOPLEXY, How to Cure.=--Sun-stroke and apoplexy, can be
cured almost surely if taken in any kind of time. Dr. E. B. Babbitt
says:

I. "Rub powerfully on the back of the head and neck, making horizontal
and downward movements. This draws the blood away from the front of
the brain and vitalizes the involuntary nerves.

II. "While rubbing call for cold water immediately, which apply to the
face and to the hair on the top and the side of the head.

III. "Call for a bucket of water as hot as can be borne, and pour it
by dipperfuls on the back of the head and neck for several minutes.
The effect will be wonderful, for vitalizing the _medulla oblongata_
(that part of the spinal column within the head); it vitalizes the
whole body, and the patient will generally start up into full
conscious life in a very short time.

"Last summer I was called to see a man on Fourth avenue. I found him
in a state of coma, and his wife greatly alarmed, supposing him to be
dead. He had lain thus for about 3 hours. I had him brought out where
he could get the air, jerked off his clothes, rubbed his back, head
and neck powerfully, slapped his back, legs and feet briskly, and
called for iced water, which I applied to his front and upper head. I
then had a bucket of hot water brought, which I poured on his back,
head and neck. Before doing this I had noticed some signs of life
while applying the cold water in front, but after applying the hot
water on the back of the head and neck a few minutes, he started up,
vomited, and exclaimed "All right!" I occupied about 20 minutes in
thus resuscitating him. He rose up, put on his clothes with a little
help, and did not lose an hour more from his business. Persons of
large and active brains and weak bodies are more liable to sun-stroke
and should wear light-coloured, cool hats in summer, wet the hair
occasionally, and if they feel a brain pressure coming on, should rub
briskly on the back of the neck and put cold water on the top and
front of the head. These remarks, if heeded, will prevent great danger
and great suffering. I have never known this method to fail."

_Remarks._--Heretofore it has been customary to use only cold water
upon the head in sun-stroke or apoplexy, but it seems by the above
treatment of Dr. Babbitt, with the hot water upon the back of the head
and neck, that consciousness is restored much more quickly, as well as
more certainly, for without it, on the old plan of the cold water
only, many have never been restored at all; hence the hot water should
be provided as quickly as possible, and applied freely with a dipper,
while the cold water, by wet cloths, may be kept on the front and top
of the head. Small things, when you get the right thing, are often
"wonderful," as the doctor puts it above. The colder the water on the
front and top of the head, the better, and the hotter it can be borne
on the back of the head and neck, the better also. It would seem to
me preferrable, to dip cloths into the hot water and apply as hot as
they can be borne, re-wetting often, than to pour it. For those who
have a tendency to head troubles let them dampen a flat piece of
sponge and put it in the hat before going out into a very hot sun. It
may be well to know that what is good for sun-stroke is also good for
apoplexy.

When one is stricken down in the sun, he should be placed in the shade
as quickly as possible, and cold water applied to his face, and the
limbs kept warm by rubbing, etc., until he can be removed to the
house, where the above plan can be carried out fully.

=PIMPLES OR SKIN DISEASES,=--=Valuable Remedy for.=--Glycerine (English or
Price's), 100 grs; corrosive sublimate, 5 grs. DIRECTIONS--Rub the
corrosive sublimate in a little of the glycerine; then mix all, and
apply morning and evening.

_Remarks._--M. Pierre Vigier, a French professor, finds, from
experiments upon himself and upon his pupils, that substances
incorporated with glycerine are not absorbed by the skin, therefore he
advises this as a substitute for blue ointment, which stains the linen
and is absorbed, while with a glycerine prepared as above, in spite of
the causticity of the bichloroid (corrosive sublimate is the
bichloroid of mercury), the skin is not irritated by this mixture, and
after extensive applications to the skin, no mercury is found in the
urine.

The fact that by this form of mixing the corrosive sublimate prevents
its absorption into the system, it should be so prepared; as it thus
cures these and other skin diseases, it becomes valuable for these
purposes. It will also cure itch, as well as pimples, blotches,
black-heads (worms in the skin of the face). See "Pimples, Tetter,
etc.," where corrosive sublimate is always used.

=1. PILLS, Compound Cathartic and Liver.=--Comp. ext. of colocynth, ext.
of jalap and calomel, each, 100 grs.; gamboge and ext. of hyoscyamus,
each, 25 grs.; castile soap in powder (in fact, all in powder except
the extract of hyoscyamus, which is gummy). Mix and make into 100
pills. Dose--As an active cathartic, 2 or 3 pills, to act on the
liver, 1 pill at bed-time each night until the action is sufficient.

_Remarks._--I have prescribed them and found them to have the desired
effect with those persons who prefer calomel to podophyllin. But if
there are those who think they would like this pill best if it was not
for the calomel, they can leave it out, or put in only 25 grs. of it,
so as to have one-fourth of a grain only in each pill. Either way it
will be found efficient and satisfactory. I prefer it with only  gr.
of calomel to each pill. The old plan of giving large doses of
calomel, I feel thankful, is among the things of the past.

=2. Liver Regulator, or Liver Complaint, Dyspepsia, etc., Liquid Remedy
for.=--Fluid exts. of dandelion, blue flag-root, and rhubarb, each 1
oz.; fl. ext. leptandra (Culver's physic) and simple syrup, each, 2
ozs. Mix. Dose--One-half teaspoonful every 6 hours.

=3. Liquid Physic for Constipated and Weakly Women and Children.=--Fl.
ext. of butternut, 2 oz.; tinct. of aloes, 5 drs.; comp. tinct. of
cardamon, 1 oz.; simple syrup, 4 oz. MIX. DOSE--According to age of
children, from 1 to 3 teaspoonfuls in the morning is the best time to
give to children, and repeat next morning, if no operation before. For
weak, constipated women, the physician whom I first knew to use this
preparation was in the habit of triturating calomel 10 grs., with 100
grs. of the sugar of milk, and dividing into 10 powders; then giving 1
powder at 10 in the evening, and at 2 in the morning, followed by 1 or
2 teaspoonfuls of this liquid physic, which carries off all otherwise
ill effects of the calomel, arouses the action of the liver and
overcomes the tendency to constipation. Those in favour of using
calomel will undoubtedly be satisfied to use it in this manner; the
trituration, of thoroughly rubbing the calomel, or any other medicine,
with sugar or milk, divides it into more minute particles and then it
takes less to have the desired effect. Of course, this liquid physic
can be taken without the calomel by doubling the dose. See the remarks
closing the subject of "Jaundice," for the author's experience and
opinion of calomel in small doses. Since writing this I have given the
twentieth of a grain calomel pill with entire satisfaction, arousing
the action of the liver.

=PURIFYING THE BLOOD=--=Safest Way by the Use of Onions.=--Sherley Dare,
in answering correspondents through the _Blade Household_, says to "A.
E. W.," of Waterloo: "The safest and quickest prescription for
clearing the blood is to eat a raw onion, finely minced, at breakfast;
the whole of a common sized onion is enough, and a dose of charcoal or
ground coffee, and brushing the teeth, will deodorize the breath. The
onion can be taken with salt and vinegar as a salad. Consumptives find
this of benefit."

_Remarks._--I have much more faith in the onion as an alterative, than
I have in the idea that the charcoal or powdered coffee, even with the
brushing of the teeth, will remove the odor of onions from the breath;
but what of that? let the "bref" smell of garlic; if onions will do
what they are here credited with, they are certainly more valuable
than is generally set down to their credit; but I remember of once
being told by a gentleman that a moderate sized onion minced and eaten
at each meal, with the salt and vinegar, as above mentioned, would
cure dispepsia. I have no doubt of their utility, both as an
alterative upon the blood and as a tonic to the stomach; not one is
eaten where ten ought to be.

=1. DIARRHA COMPOUND.=--Compound spirits of lavender and tinct. of
rhubarb, each, 1 oz.; laudanum, 3 drs.; oil of cinnamon, 10 drops;
mix. Dose--One teaspoonful every hour or two, for an adult, as needed,
until relieved; then 2 or 3 times a day only, for a day or two.

=2. For Infantile Diarrha.=--That is, for children at the breast or
less than 2 years old: Powdered rhubarb, 10 grs.; calomel, 1 gr.;
morphine,  gr., and divide into 10 powders, 1 powder for a dose. No
danger of salavating a child at the breast.

=1. DYSENTERY=--=Successful Remedy for.=--Laudanum and ipecac. DIRECTIONS,
DOSE, ETC.--For an adult first give laudanum, 20 drops, to prepare the
stomach so it shall retain the ipecac, which is to be given half an
hour after, in 20 gr. doses, repeated every six hours until cured. The
first dose may be vomited, or partially so, as this article is well
understood to possess this property--of vomiting--but it is also known
that the stomach can be trained to tolerate (bear) it. It also acts as
a mild laxative, tonic, and stimulant to the coats of the stomach and
intestines, producing slight sweating, moist and pliable skin and
thereby reducing the fever, controlling also the tenesmus (pain and
griping) of the rectum at the time of passage, almost if not wholly
relieving this difficulty soon after its use is commenced.

=NERVOUS HEADACHE=--=Such as People used to be bled for=.--Iodide of
potash, 2 drs.; tinct. of gelsemium, 2 drs.; pure water, 2 ozs.; mix.
Dose--1 tea-spoonful once in 2 to 4 hours until relieved.

_Remarks._--This is a prescription of a physician of Grand Rapids,
Mich., for a lady who called upon him to be bled for the difficulty,
according to what she had been accustomed to. But he made this
prescription for her and it relieved her. The next season she called
upon myself for the same purpose, at the same time showing me the
prescription, which I changed to bromide of potassium, in the same
quantity for the iodide, which she took with the same success. I
prefer the bromide as I think its action upon the nerves more
satisfactory.

=2. Nervous Headache, New Remedy for.=--Salicylate of soda, 10 grs.,
every 3 hours for an adult, followed next day in 5 to 8 gr. doses. If
of long standing, continue 1 or 2 doses daily for a few days longer.
Taken by dissolving in water.

_Remarks._--This was given in the _Scientific American_ by a
celebrated physician who gave a case of a boy of 16 years, who had had
nervous headache several days each week from the time he was 6 years
old, entirely cured by this remedy, and at the time of the report he
had been free from the disease several months.

=TONSILITIS=--=Salicylate of Soda for=--=Also as a Gargle in Ulcerated
Cases.=--Given in 10 gr. doses, every 2 to 4 hours, internally, and is
also used as a gargle in ulcerated cases. Strength of gargle is not
given; but I should say 5 to 10 grs. to the oz. of water, according to
the degree of ulceration.

_Remarks._--I certainly expect much from its use upon a fair trial,
and say to all who need it, try it.

=SCROFULA, White Swelling, etc.=--=Salve for.=--Scrape sweet elder (inner
bark), bitter-sweet (roots and twigs are used), and mullein leaves,
each a good handful; boil these, (the roots and twigs being bruised)
in a little water; then put in half as much golden seal root, and stew
all in two tablespoonfuls of freshly churned and unsalted butter, not
level spoonfuls but as you would take them up heaping from rather
soft butter, and an equal quantity of mutton tallow. Stew till the
water is all out, and the mass crisped or dry, but not burned; then
strain and put back into the skillet, and add half as much beeswax as
of tallow, and half as much pine pitch as of the beeswax.
DIRECTIONS--For white swelling spread on a cloth and apply; for
scrofulous sores put on cotton, and put into the sores or openings, if
any, otherwise the same as for white swellings.

_Remarks._--I should apply this salve while taking No. 1 internally,
as I think it will hasten recovery. It will be found valuable for all
purposes, as an ointment rather than a salve, if not made too stiff
with the beeswax. As an ointment use but very little beeswax.

=PLIABLE COLLODION=--=Or Artificial Skin=--=For Abrasions, Burns, Sores,
etc.=--A French journal gives us the following plan of making collodion
pliable, for all purposes where water may come in contact with the
spot, as upon the face, hands, lips, etc.: Collodion, 30 grammes;
castor oil and soft turpentine (Venice turpentine or pine pitch), each
50 centigrammes, mix.

_Remarks._--As a gramme is so nearly 15 grains (being actually 15 and
334 of 1,000 parts of a grain we call it 15 grains,) and as a
centigramme is the 1-100th of a gramme, in the 50 centigrammes we get
nearly 8 grains, hence we say: Collodion, 1 oz.; and castor oil and
soft turpentine, each 8 grs. And thus we have the recipe Americanized,
so that it can be filled understandingly by anyone or druggist. Apply
with a brush. It will be found quite satisfactory to apply upon any
injured parts, scratch, bruise, etc., as by putting on two or three
times, as the first coat dries, it forms an artificial skin over the
sore.

=1. CHILBLAINS, FROST BITES, ETC.=--=Valuable Remedy for.=--Spirits of
turpentine and sulphuric acid, each  oz.; olive oil, 1 oz.; mix,
shake and apply frequently.

=2. Spirits of Turpentine=, 1 oz.; ammonia  oz., with as much camphor
gum as this will dissolve, used as a liniment, will cure these hateful
things.

3. =To Relieve= the intense itching: 2 or 3 bathings of the parts,
warming in before the fire, or strong alum water gives relief.

=4. An ointment= made by rubbing as much tincture of cantharides into
any simple "cerate," as it will take up (any druggist will prepare a
small box of it for about 15 cents). Bathe the feet in warm water,
wipe and rub this on at bed time. I cured a bad case of six years
standing, in 2 or 3 applications, and afterwards cured several other
cases.


=WORMS=--=REMEDIES, VERMIFUGES.=

There are seldom found but three varieties of worms in the human
intestines.

I. The principal, or most common one, is the long, round worm, found
in the small intestines.

II. The second variety is the small, round or pin-worm, so called
because scarcely ever longer or larger than a pin. These are chiefly
found in the rectum, and known to be there from an intolerable
itching.

III. The last, or third variety, is the tape worm, called by
physicians _tnia solium_ (from _tnia_, tape, and _solus_, alone);
for as a general thing, there is only one of them found to annoy the
patient. The remedies for them I shall give in the order in which I
have mentioned them.

=1. THE ECLECTIC VERMIFUGE=--=The Latest and Least
Distasteful.=--Santonine, 30 grs.; white sugar, 50 grs. DIRECTIONS--Rub
together evenly, and divide into 10 powders. Dose--Give one powder an
hour before supper and 1 at bed time; next day 1 powder before each
meal and at bed time, and the following day the same, which uses up
all the powders. Next morning take an active cathartic, to carry off
the worms.

_Remarks._--I recently took this remedy in just this way, realizing
that I, at nearly 68 years of age, had them. For the cathartic I took
2 blue papers of seidlitz powders and 1 white paper, to be sure and
get quick and thorough action. It did act quickly and brought them
away. I have enjoyed better health since.

=2. Pin Worms.=--A solution made by soaking rasped quassia,  oz., in
cold water, 1 pt., for 12 hours, then straining for the purpose of
injection, is very effectual to remove pin worms. A solution of aloes,
 oz., with carbonate of potash, 15 grs., in  pt. of decoction, or
tea, of barley, dissolved by rubbing together, for an injection; or an
injection of simple sweet oil, says Dr. Warren, of Boston, are very
effectual in removing pin worms. Lime water (which see how to make) is
also frequently used as an injection for the removal of pin worms.

=3. Tape Worm=--=The Latest, Most Easily Taken, and Most Successful
Remedy for.=--There has been quite a stir made recently by two or three
travelling physicians with the French chemist Tauret's "pelltierine,"
in removing tape worms. I have seen several that have been removed
here within a few months. I had known that one physician was using it
here with success before, but not being of the talkative kind, very
little was said about it. With this introduction, I will say: Tauret's
"pelltierine" is put up in bottles containing _one dose_ only, and
retails at about $3 per bottle. Its action is to numb the worm,
causing more or less giddiness, according to the nervousness of the
patient. This soon passes off by the patient laying down and keeping
quiet. It is perfectly safe, and but slight preparation is necessary
to take it. Dose--One bottle being a full dose for a man, delicate
females and youths of about fifteen years would take only two-thirds;
children of 10 or 12, one half, and of 4 to 8 years, only one-third of
a bottle. DIRECTIONS--The day before it is to be taken, take a
laxative or gentle cathartic, or a copious injection; and for supper
eat only a milk diet. In the morning take half a glass of water on an
empty stomach; then, five minutes after, take the pelltierine, and
immediately after, half a glass more of water, slightly sweetened.
Three-fourths of an hour after take a dose of comp. tinct. of jalap;
or infusion of senna (made by steeping  oz.), sweetened with syrup of
orange peel. If in a few hours there are no stools, take a purgative
injection or repeat the purgative medicine. The giddiness will come on
in about 15 minutes after taking the pelltierine, and the worms ought
to be expelled in 2 to 4 hours. I have seen one passed in 1 hours
from the taking of the remedy. It is important to remember, say the
instructions sent out, that the purgative must act rapidly. Don't stay
in bed any longer than the giddiness lasts; then move about to help
the action of the medicines. I have taken these instructions from a
pamphlet sent out by E. Fougera & Co., 30 North William street, New
York, who supply the article if your druggist has not got it. The
pelltierine is made from pomegranate bark, which has been the main
dependence for removing tape worms; but as it had to be made in the
form of an infusion and taken in large doses of  pt. or more, often
causing sickness of the stomach, this new preparation is as great a
boon as quinine was over having to take the Peruvian bark in powder,
as formerly; and as the pelltierine has proved very successful, it
will, undoubtedly be but a short time till our druggists will keep it,
and it will enter into general use.

Professor Lahulbne gives 19 successes in 19 trials. Dujardin-Beametz,
member of the Academy of Medicine, France, succeeded 37 times in 39
trials. Dr. Ed. Mount, of Montreal, had 4 successes out of 4 trials;
one of the cases had been troubled with tape worm for 26 years. Dr. H.
Wilfert, of the Cincinnati Academy succeeded also in every case.

I will mention only one case more, the worm I spoke of being removed
in one hour and a half, in the foregoing. The medicine was
administered by a boy of less than 20 years, who had been with a
doctor for a short time only, and learned what was used. The man was a
butcher, and was well pleased to be rid of his tormentor.

=1. DYSPEPTICS=--=Bad Cases Put Upon the Right Tack.=--A writer in the
_Medical Journal_, discoursing upon dyspepsia, says: "We have seen
dyspeptics who suffered untold torments with almost every kind of
food. Bread became a burning acid. Meat and milk were solid and liquid
fires. We have seen these same sufferers trying to avoid food and
drink, and even going to the enema (syringe) for sustenance. And we
have seen the torments pass away, and their hunger relieved by living
upon the white of eggs which have been boiled in bubbling water for
thirty minutes. At the end of a week we have given the hard yoke of
the egg with the white, and upon this diet alone, without fluid of any
kind, we have seen them begin to gain flesh and strength, and
refreshing sleep. After weeks of this treatment they have been able,
with great care, to begin upon other food; and all this," the writer
adds, "without taking medicine." He says "that hard boiled eggs are
not half so bad as half boiled ones, and ten times as easy to digest
as raw eggs, even in egg-nog."

=2. Dyspepsia, Liquid Food for.=--Take fresh, lean beef, cut thin, 1 lb.
Put it into a large-mouthed bottle or jar; add a little salt; place
the bottle in a kettle of boiling water, and let it boil 1 hour, then
strain through a woollen cloth. (It seems to the author that a stout
piece of muslin is just as good.) There will be about 1 gill (4 ozs.)
of clear, nutritious liquid. Begin by taking 1 teaspoonful, and
increase the quantity as the stomach will bear. This has been retained
on the stomach when nothing else could. It cured an old captain when
nearly gone with dyspepsia.

=Dyspeptics, Excellent Food for.=--Take a piece of stale wheat bread and
a little white sugar, and cover with boiling water, then cover with a
plate for a short time, add cream or good milk. This dish rests easy
on the stomach and is very pleasant.

_Remarks._--This, of course, is not understood to be toasted, but in
its simple state--to toast bread makes it much the nature of freshly
baked, which is not good for the healthy, and especially bad for
dyspeptics or the debilitated from any disease or cause whatever.

=4. Dyspepsia and Weak Stomach, The Value of Milk and Lime-Water
for.=--Milk and Lime-water are now frequently prescribed by physicians
in cases of dyspepsia and weakness of the stomach, and in some cases
are said to prove very beneficial. Many persons who think good bread
and milk a luxury, frequently hesitate to eat it, for the reason that
the milk will not digest readily; sourness of the stomach will often
follow. But experience proves that lime-water and milk are not only
food and medicine at an early period of life, but also at a later,
when, as in the case of infants, the functions of digestion and
assimilation have been seriously impaired. A stomach taxed by
gluttony, irritated by improper food, inflamed by alcohol, enfeebled
by disease, or otherwise unfitted for its duties--as is shown by
various symptoms attendant upon indigestion, dyspepsia, diarrha,
dysentery and fever--will resume its work, and do it energetically, on
an exclusive diet of bread, and milk and lime-water. A goblet of cow's
milk may have 3 to 4 table-spoonfuls of lime-water added to it with
good effect.

These ideas are fully endorsed by Dr. E. N. Chapman, who presented the
following valuable notes on the use of milk and lime-water for
invalids, to the Medical Society of the State of New York. He says: "I
have used milk and lime-water for years as a diet with my patients
with great success, particularly in cases involving nerve centres,
that are acknowledged to be little under the command of the accepted
modes of treatment, such, for instance, as marasmus (a wasting of
flesh), anemia (debility from poor blood), paralysis, indigestion,
neuralgia, cholera, dementia (insanity) and alcoholism. Also in cases
where the nutritive functions are at fault, milk, with a pinch of salt
being rendered very acceptable to the stomach by the lime, is the most
digestible and nourishing food that can be given. It allays gastric
(stomach) and intestinal irritability, offers a duly prepared chyle to
the absorbents, supplies the blood with all the elements of nutrition,
institutes healthy tissue changes, stimulates the secreting and
excreting glands, and, in a word, provides nature with the material to
sustain herself in her contest with disease. * * * Milk, acted on with
lime-water, has a range of application almost as extensive as disease
itself, whatever its character and whoever the patient."

_Remarks._--I trust that enough has now been said to satisfy everybody
of the value of milk in disease, and I will add that I know it to be
equally valuable as a regular family diet.

=5. Dyspepsia, or Indigestion, Very Valuable Treatment of.=--I am now
using a very valuable medicine, or combination, on a case where the
indigestion was very bad, so much so, it might be considered real
dyspepsia; but the treatment allayed the distress so promptly, and
helped, or enabled the food to digest so effectually that I will give
the recipe. First I used the following fluid preparation:

1. _Solution for Dyspepsia._--Pepsin in crystals, 30 grs; glycerine, 1
oz.; concentrated lactic acid,  oz.; distilled, or soft water, 4
ozs.; mix. Dose--A tea-spoonful in 3 or 4 tea-spoonfuls of water
immediately after each meal.

_Remarks._--After a week or two, as the case may improve, less, and
still less may be used, say  tea-spoonful only till finally cured.
And in case there is a diarrhal tendency, or any inflammatory
condition of any part of the system, in which the lactic acid is not
good, take the following powder, in place of the solution, as above:

=6. Powder for Dyspepsia, Diarrha, etc.=--Sub-carbonate of bismuth, 200
grs.; Scheffer's, or other good pepsin, 100 grs. Mix thoroughly and
make into 20 powders. Dose--Take 1 powder in a little molasses and
water, half-and-half, immediately after each meal, the same as the
solution; and after some time, or suitable improvement has been made,
divide a powder for 2 doses, as long as needed.

=7. Hot Water for Dyspepsia.=--The following item is from the _Hartford
Courant_, which I have since proven to be very valuable, by using the
hot water an hour before each meal, instead of only at breakfast. The
_Courant_ says: "A gentleman who is in business in this city has cured
himself of a chronic and ugly form of dyspepsia in a very simple way.
He was given up to die, but he finally abandoned alike the doctors and
the drugs, and resorted to a method of treatment which most doctors
and most persons would laugh at as 'an old woman's remedy.' It was
simply swallowing a tea-cupful of hot water before breakfast every
morning. He took the water from the cook's tea-kettle, and so hot that
he could only take it by the spoonful. For about three weeks this
morning dose was repeated, the dyspepsia decreasing all the while. At
the end of that time he could eat, he says, any breakfast or dinner
that any well person could eat--had gained in weight, and has ever
since been hearty and well. His weight is now between 30 and 40 pounds
greater than it was during the dyspepsia sufferings, and for several
years he has had no trouble with his stomach--unless it was some
temporary inconvenience, due to a late supper or dining out, and in
such a case a single trial of his ante-breakfast remedy was sure to
set all things right. He obtained his idea from a German doctor and in
turn recommended it to others--and in every case, according to this
gentleman's account, a cure was effected."

_Remarks._--After seeing the above item in the _Courant_ I have had
occasion to use the hot water personally, and to direct it for others,
and I have found it satisfactory if taken faithfully before each meal,
instead of only at breakfast. I also find that heating it in summer to
about 140 degrees and in winter to 145 degrees F., is about the right
degree of heat. I heat it over a small coal oil stove, in a pint tin
cup about  full, which I find about the right amount to be taken at
one time. It can be heated in a tea-kettle and poured into a cup or
bowl, but it is well to have a thermometer to know just what the heat
is. A tea-spoonful of sugar makes it pleasant for me, but a bit of
lemon juice might suit some better. It must be followed for several
months in long standing cases, to prove of lasting benefit, eating
only easily digested food and nothing that disagrees with the stomach.
The sipping of the hot water has this advantage also, it allays the
great thirst of dyspeptic patients, as well as the heat and distress
in the stomach, better than any thing else I know of, contracting the
lax and flabby condition of the muscular coating of the stomach,
giving tone and strength to this organ, which immediately diffuses
itself to the whole system. Take the hot water before each meal and at
bed-time as long as you have any considerable thirst. Be careful,
also, not to eat too much, and only at meal times, and a cure must be
the result.

=BRIGHT'S DISEASE OF THE KIDNEYS,=--=A Novel Cure for.=--A correspondent
of the New York _Evening Post_ gives the following novel item to that
journal. He says:

"About 20 years ago, a daughter of mine--then about 6 years old--was
given up to die by the family physician, who said that she had
Bright's Disease of the Kidneys, and that it was incurable, and never
known to be cured either in Europe or America. The physician, on
giving the case up, told my wife to give the child anything that she
wanted, and to make her as comfortable as possible while she lived.
The child constantly called for beans; so my wife cooked some as
quickly as possible, not stopping to parboil them, as is usually done,
but boiled beans, pork and potatoes together, in the first water, and
when well cooked she gave them to the child to eat. The child then
went to sleep and from that time began to improve. She is now the
mother of two children. She is not troubled with the disease, unless
she takes a severe cold, and when that happens she at once uses her
old remedy, and it is always effectual."

=Bright's Disease=--=Sixteen out of Nineteen Cases in a London Hospital
Cured.=--Notwithstanding the statement in the item above, that Bright's
disease was never to be cured in Europe or America, still some years
ago a London (Eng.) physician reported in the _London Lancet_, the
cure of 16 out of 19 cases, in the Hospital, by the use of 15 gr.
doses of powdered valerian, 3 or 4 times a day, with supporting diet.
Now the fl. ex. would be used in  to 1 teaspoon doses, with the same
effect; but I am not aware of its having been used by others. But if
one has the difficulty it had better be tried, and may, with the
beans, as above, cure more than without them.

=QUINSY.=--=A New and Successful Remedy for.=--A Dr. Gine, Professor of
Clinical Surgery, at Madrid, Spain, reports through the _La Presse
Med. Belge_, July 17, 1881, the bicarbonate of soda (the common baking
soda, the best, however, is the English bicarbonate, kept by
druggists) applied to the tonsils in fine powder in Quinsy, repeating
frequently, is of inestimable efficacy, he having cured dozens of
cases--in no case without benefit, and, usually a cure in 24 hours;
and in no case when he had used it had he found it necessary to remove
the tonsils.

DIRECTIONS FOR APPLICATION.--It may be applied by rolling a bit of
paper of suitable length into cylindrical form, then putting the end
into a fine powder of the soda, to get a suitable amount into the
hollow, the size of an ordinary goose quill and blowing it upon the
tonsils; or applying it by wetting the finger, then putting the finger
into the powder, then upon the tonsils.

_Remarks._--I have had no opportunity for trying it for this purpose,
but I have proved its value as a gargle in "Sore Throat,"--which see.
See also its value in "Burns, Scalds, etc." See also, "Inflammation of
the Tonsils following Sick Headache," where the latter remedy--the
salicylate of soda--is used as a satisfactory cure in both these
diseases, as inflammation of the tonsils is only another name for
quinsy.

=1. EYE-WATERS.=--Sulphate of zinc, and fine table salt, each 4 grs.;
sugar of lead, 2 grs.; morphine, 5 grs.; loaf sugar, 10 grs.;
distilled or rain water, 4 ozs.; mix and keep corked. DIRECTIONS--Drop
1 or 2 drops in the eye morning and evening, else apply with the
finger between the lids which is the most common way. Best done when
laying down. It can be done very well by holding the head back.

_Remarks._--This will be found a very valuable eye-water in all cases
of weakness, or slight inflammation of the eye. It may be applied
three or four times a day, if needed so often. It is well to shake it
two or three times a day at first, for a week or ten days, then allow
to settle, and strain. If this causes too much smarting in bad cases,
reduce some of it with more rain water, so it shall not smart more
than five minutes at most.

=2. Weak Eyes, Wash for.=--Some writer on weak eyes says: "Bathe your
eyes night and morning in a tolerably strong solution of common table
salt and water. We have known some remarkable cures effected by this
simple remedy. After bathing the eyes daily for about a week, intermit
a day or two; then resume the daily bathing, and so on till your eyes
get strong again."

=3. Eyes, Acute Inflammation of=--=Valuable Remedy.=--For an acute
inflammation of the eyes I know of nothing better than to take the
white of an egg, in a tin cup, and beat into it thoroughly about  a
teaspoon of powdered alum; set on the stove to heat, and stir
constantly till it curdles; then strain off the whey, breaking up the
curd and putting it upon a cloth, and lay upon the eye; and as it
becomes dry, take it off and fold the cloth around it to keep the curd
together; re-wet it, by putting it into the whey, drain off the
surplus whey, and re-apply. This may be done 2 or 3 times; then make
more, if needed, and use the same way, until the inflammation
subsides; after which any of the eye waters, reduced with water to be
very mild, may be used to strengthen the eyes. I have used this in
just this way, upon my own eye, with entire success. If the
inflammation should continue long, take some salts or cream of tartar,
or the sulphur mixture as in No. 2 for ="Catarrhal Ophthalmia."= I see
this alum cure is recommended, in about the same way, for sprains. I
have not used it upon them; yet, as a sprain produces an inflammation,
I think it will prove valuable there also.

=4. Stye upon the Eye=--=Lid Remedy.=--Put a teaspoonful of black tea in a
small bag; pour on it enough boiling water to moisten it; then put it
on the eye pretty warm. Keep it on all night and in the morning the
stye will most likely be gone; if not, a second application is certain
to remove it.

_Remarks._--The infusion or weak tea, made from black tea, has been
for some time considered good as an eye-water, then why not the
grounds good as a poultice? I believe it may be worthy of trial.


=CORNS=--=Hard and Soft=--=Warts, Bunions, etc.=--1. _Corns._--Probably but
few subjects of more universal interest could be found than the very
humble one of corns. A writer in the _Christian Weekly_ says: "They
are of two kinds--soft and hard--the result of pressure which
stimulates the skin so that an increased flow of blood to the excited
part is caused, and the cells of the cuticle (from the Latin _cutis_,
skin) are more rapidly produced than is natural. Soft corns occur
between the toes, because of the pressure of the joints of the smaller
toes on the opposite skin, and the corn is constantly moist with
perspiration. The first thing in the cure of corns is to remove the
cause--wear soft, broad-toed shoes and boots, and thus remove the
irritating pressure.

I. _Hard Corns_--Soak hard corns in warm water, shave down, touch them
with a little ascetic acid occasionally, and put a thin plaster over
the corn to prevent chaffing after the application of the acid.

II. _Soft Corns._--In the case of soft corns great cleanliness must be
observed, the suffering toes must be kept separate by a bit of cotton,
and the dead skin, after touching lightly with the acid, must be
removed as fast as the tenderness will allow. But no cure can be
accomplished while an ill-fitting shoe is still doing its mischievous
work. Too tight a shoe, especially one too narrow-toed, is an
ill-fitting shoe.

_Remarks._--I wish to say, as confirming the idea above advanced, that
if any one will not give up their "tight fits" they may rest assured
that they will always have a crop of corn(s) on hand or rather on
foot. So suit yourself as to keeping a full supply.

=2. Corns, Simple Remedy for.=--Having removed the friction and pressure
causing corns, by the substitution of well-constructed shoes and
boots, the thickened cuticle may be removed by applying equal parts of
carbonate of soda and common brown bar soap. Rub these substances
together with a spoon handle or a knife blade on the surface of a
plate, forming a strong alkaline ointment. DIRECTIONS--Spread a little
of this on a piece of buck-skin or wash-leather and apply it to the
surface of the corns at bed-time, after soaking them for five or ten
minutes in hot water, allowing it to remain until morning. When the
soap plaster is removed in the morning the corn to which it has been
applied will be found white and soft, and by scraping a little around
its base with your finger-nail or a dull knife, it may be easily
raised up and removed. Then apply the collodion or artificial skin, or
a bit of court plaster till it heals. This is all that is needed,
except to wear easy shoes and boots.

=3. Warts, Simple Cure for.=--Chromic acid, a drop or two to each wart
at bed-time, I will warrant to cure in 3 days.

_Remarks._--Be careful not to get it on the hands or clothing, nor
leave it where children can get it. Carbolic acid, full strength, will
do the same thing. The best way to apply any acids is to take the end
of a match-stick and mash one end between the teeth, to make a
broom-like end, to hold only a drop or two, and just touch the head
of the wart, or corn with the acid 2 or 3 times. Remember this--if you
get too much acid on, so it runs down into the flesh, soda will
neutralize it. The chromic acid is considered the safest of the acids.
(See Cancer, Chromic Acid in, etc.) Don't use enough to spread upon
other parts.

=SEASICKNESS=--=Cure for.=--Dr. Landener, of Athens, Greece, claims to
have discovered that 10 to 12 drops of chloroform cures seasickness.
One dose cured 18 out of 20; the second dose cured the others.

_Remarks._--It is simple, easily obtained and not unpleasant to take
in a little water. And a lady who has had considerable experience in
crossing parts of Lake Erie informs me that the smelling of chloroform
a few times has relieved much of the nausea attending seasickness. So,
also, my judgment is that the taking and inhaling a little of it from
the bottle will do great good.

=2. English Remedy.=--The bromide of sodium, for long voyages, has been
found very effectual in doses of 10 grs., 3 times a day, in treating
200 cases of ocean seasickness.--_Dr. Kendall, in British Medical
Journal._

_Remarks._--The bromide of sodium was first used by the late Dr.
Beard. The indiscriminate use of oranges, lemons, brandy and
champagne, Dr. Kendall condemns, as making the case worse than without
them.

=RINGWORM REMEDIES.=--The form that this eruption takes gives its name,
as it is generally in a circle, itching considerably when the body is
heated by exercise, or in hot weather, and also if rubbed or
scratched. A saturated solution (all that will dissolve) of blue
vitriol in water, touching the parts several times daily, will cure
them.

=SPRAINS=--=Capital Remedy for.=--The white of an egg, into which a piece
of alum about the size of a hickory nut has been stirred, stirring
constantly until it forms a jelly or curd, is a capital remedy for
sprains. It should be laid over the sprain upon a piece of lint, and
be changed or re-wet in the whey as often as it becomes dry.

_Remarks._--I think it best to lay on a cloth, rather than lint, for
convenience of re-wetting, as in for Inflammation of the Eye; full
directions there how to make and use it. It allays inflammation and
soreness quickly.

=CUTS, WOUNDS, FELONS AND OTHER INFLAMMATIONS=--=Hot Water Poultice
for.=--A paper called the _Home Health_ says that a hot water poultice
is the most healing application for cuts, bruises, wounds, sores,
felons and other inflammations, that can be used. The poultice is made
by dipping cotton in hot water and applying, changing often. A
convenient way is, in case of felons or other painful abscess, to hold
the hand for hours in water as hot as can be comfortably borne.

_Remarks._--This is undoubtedly valuable. I have for some time past
used hot applications to an inflamed eye, while most physicians apply
cold. It is good for internal use, as seen by the use of the hot water
cures for dyspepsia, consumption, etc., in this book, which see; why
not good for external applications? I believe it will be found so, if
a wound or other sore manifests the least tendency to inflame and
become tedious in healing.

=1. CATARRH, NASAL=--=Common Sense Treatment for.=--Notwithstanding Dr.
Dio Lewis has sometimes appeared, at least, to run the "diet" question
into the ground, as we often hear said, yet his remarks upon it in
connection with nasal catarrh are perfectly sound. He says:

"For nasal catarrh, eat only a piece of beefsteak (broiled is best)
half as large as your hand, one baked potato and one slice of bread
for your breakfast; a piece of roast beef as large as your hand, with
one boiled potato and one slice of bread for dinner; take nothing for
supper, and go to bed at 8.30 o'clock. Sleep, if possible, half an
hour before dinner. Drink nothing with your meals, nor within two
hours after. Drink as much cold water on rising and going to bed as
you can. Live 4 to 6 hours daily in the open air, riding or walking.
Bathe frequently, and every night on going to bed rub the skin all
over with a hair glove. [There are two kinds of hair gloves, the
English and American, usually kept by druggists. The English are the
best, being more durable.] In less than a week you will get along with
one handkerchief daily. To cure even bad cases you have only to make
your stomach digest well--only to make yourself healthier--and your
nose will quickly find it out and adapt itself to the better manners
of its companions."

=2. CATARRH SNUFF.=--Pulverized borax, 1 oz.; loaf-sugar, pulverized, 
dr. Mix thoroughly, and take 6 to 10 pinches daily.

_Remarks._--It may be used in connection with any other treatment, and
will be found especially valuable in all recent cases, and has cured
many chronic, or long-standing cases, without other aids. Still it is
always best to use general treatment in connection with it. If the
throat is at all sore at the same time you take a pinch of the snuff,
it will be found valuable to take another pinch and drop it into the
fauces, or back part of the throat. It helps the cure materially.

=LIQUOR=--=The Use of it leaves a Permanent Injury.=--An American
physician, who has given attention to the study of alcoholism, said in
the course of an address recently delivered before a learned society:
"There are constantly crowding into our insane asylums persons, 50 to
80 years of age, who in early life were addicted to the use of
alcoholic liquors, but who had reformed, and for 10, 20, or 30 years
had never touched a drop. The injury which the liquor did to their
bodies seemed to have all disappeared, being triumphed over by the
full vigor of their manhood; but when their natural force began to
decrease, then the concealed mischief showed itself in insanity,
clearly demonstrating that the injury to their brain was of a
permanent character."

_Remarks._--Then is there not a double reason for not using it? The
loss of time and money, and often the abuse of wife and children, or
other friends, while using it, and the probability of the loss of
one's reason in old age. It is greatly to be hoped that a word to the
wise may be sufficient.

=1. LIFE LENGTHENED=--=Sensible Rules for.=--Dr. Hall, in his excellent
_Journal of Health_, gives the following sensible and suggestive rules
under the above heading:

I. Cultivate an equable temper; many have fallen dead in a fit of
passion.

II. Eat regularly, not over thrice a day, and nothing between meals.

III. Go to bed at regular hours. Get up as soon as you wake of
yourself, and do not sleep in the daytime--at least, not longer than
ten minutes before dinner.

IV. Work in moderation, and not as though you were doing it by the
job.

V. Stop working before you are very much tired--before you are "fagged
out."

VI. Cultivate a generous and accommodating temper.

VII. Never cross a bridge before you come to it; this will save you
half the troubles of life. (In other words, "don't borrow trouble.")

VIII. Never eat when you are not hungry, nor drink when you are not
thirsty.

IX. Let your appetite always come uninvited.

X. Cool off in a place greatly warmer than the one in which you have
been exercising. This simple rule would prevent incalculable sickness
and save thousands of lives every year.

XI. Never resist a call of nature, for a single moment.

XII. Never allow yourself to be chilled through and through; it is
this which destroys so many every year, in a few days' sickness, from
pneumonia--called by some, lung fever--or inflammation of the lungs.

XIII. Whoever drinks no liquids at meals will add years of pleasurable
existence to his life. Of cold or warm drinks, the cold ones are the
most pernicious. Drinking at meals induces persons to eat more than
they otherwise would, as any one can verify by experiment; and it is
excess in eating which devastates the land with sickness, suffering
and death.

XIV. After fifty years of age, if not a day laborer, and sedentary
persons at forty, should eat but twice a day--in the morning, and
about four in the afternoon; for every organ without adequate rest
will "give out" prematurely.

XV. Begin early to live under the benign influence of Christian
religion, for it, "has the promise of the life that now is and of that
which is to come."

_Remarks._--These rules need no extended commendation--they are
certainly sensible.

=2. How Long Have We to Live as Shown by the Life Assurance
Tables.=--The following is one of the authenticated tables, in use
among insurance companies, showing the average length of life at the
various ages. In the first column we have persons of average health,
and in the second column, we are enabled to peep, as it were, behind
the scenes, and gather from their table the number of years they will
give us to live. This table is the result of careful calculation, and
seldom proves misleading. Of course, sudden and premature
deaths--from accidents, unusual severity of disease, etc.--as well as
lives unusually extended, occasionally occur; but this is the average
expectancy of life, of an ordinary man, who lives prudently and avoids
all undue exposures, etc. In the earlier years of life, the female,
from less exposure, has from 1 to 2 years more of life in expectation
than the male; but as life advances, this over-average comes down
gradually to nearly the same; but still there is a trifle, or small
part of the year, always in favor of the woman. I will say, at the
start, that the average life of all born into the world is, for males;
about 39-90/100 years, and for females, 41-85/100 years. I shall only
give the figures for every 10 years up to 20, and after 60, for, so
far as business is concerned, before 20 and after 60, it will not be
of much account, yet interesting as a matter of curiosity. The table
is given in years and hundredths of a year, by Dr. William Farr.


      AGE.       More years to|      AGE.       More years to
Those who reach.     live.    |Those who reach.     live.
                              |
        0            39.90    |       45            22.76
        1            46.65    |       50            19.54
       10            47.05    |       55            16.45
       20            39.48    |       60            13.53
       25            36.12    |       70             8.45
       30            32.76    |       80             4.93
       35            29.40    |       90             2.84
       40            26.06    |      100             1.68

_Remarks._--With this table before us, taking the present age of any
person in ordinary good health, we see at a glance how much longer
they may be expected to live. By considering these things, we can tell
whether or not it would be best to enter into new business
enterprises, marriage relations, etc. And, with the table, on "The
Pulse in Health," we can tell pretty nearly whether we are in an
average condition of health or not, as these figures do not lie; if
they do not hold good in any particular case, it is from a want of
average health.

Supposing the ladies will desire to know their chances or
probabilities of marriage, I will append a table showing what their
prospects are, between thirteen and forty; as follows:

=3. Chances of Women for Marriage.=--The following statement is drawn
from the register cases of 876 married women in France. It is the
first ever constructed to show ladies their chances of marriage at
various ages. Of the above number there were married:

 3 at 13   45 at 17  86 at 21  36 at 25  17 at 29  7 at 33  2 at 37
11 at 14   77 at 18  85 at 22  24 at 26   9 at 30  5 at 34  0 at 38
16 at 15  115 at 19  59 at 23  28 at 27   7 at 31  3 at 35  1 at 39
43 at 16  118 at 20  53 at 24  22 at 28   5 at 32  0 at 36  0 at 40

=4. The Pulse in Health=--=Average Beats per Minute=--=From Physiologist
Carpenter:=

New-born infants,            From 140 down to 130
During 1st year,               "  130    "    115
   "   2d  year,               "  115    "    100
   "   3d  year,               "  105    "     95
From 7th to 14th year,         "   90    "     80
  " 14th to 21st year,         "   85    "     75
  " 21st to 60th year,         "   75    "     70
In old age,                    "   75    "     60

In inflammatory or acute diseases the pulse may rise to 120 or even to
160, in the adult, and becoming so frequent in the child that it
cannot be counted. Muscular exertion, mental excitement, digestion,
alcoholic drink, and elevation above the sea level, accelerate the
pulse, and as a rule it is more frequent in the morning than in the
evening. It is slower in sleep, and from the effects of rest, diet,
cold, or blood-letting. The pulse of a grown woman exceeds that of a
man of the same age, as much as 10 to 14 beats a minute, and,
according to some authorities, is less frequent in the tall than in
the short person; the variations being about 4 beats for each 6 inches
of height.

_Remarks._--With this tabulation, any person of average ability (we
are now talking of averages) can form a fair opinion of how much
disturbance there may be in one's system, to cause any variation from
the general average, and hence, tell how sick a person may be and the
probability of returning health, under favorable circumstances; also
the general average of the length of life and probability of
marriages, etc. But it may not be amiss here, to state that while
standing, a healthy man's pulse beats about 74 times in a minute; when
sitting, only about 70; and when he lies down, only about 64. Thus the
heart takes its rest at night; and as the heart passes in its beats
about 6 ozs. of blood, it is saved the lifting of about 30,000 ozs. of
blood in 8 hours' sleep. But now suppose he is a drinking man, and
takes his wine or liquor day and night the heart must not only get no
rest, but is increased by at least 15,000 beats in this 8 hours and he
rises more tired than when he retired, and wholly unfit for the day's
work, and so strikes out again for the "ruddy bumper," as some call
it, to "settle his nerves," and thus in a few years he settles, also,
into a drunkard's grave, mourned for only by those who ought to have
been helped by him yet, for many years, if he would have cast away his
"cups." O, why will men so far forget the object of their being?

=1. THE TONGUE=--=What it Tells.=--I am very sorry that I do not know who
wrote the following soliloquy upon the tongue, as it is both sensible
and sound in its teachings: hence, I say, let it be read with care and
its teachings heeded. He says:

"A man can never be happy if his stomach is out of order; and
dyspepsia and hysteria initiate the symptoms of innumerable disorders.
But how, the reader may ask, can I tell the illness from which I think
I am suffering to be real or imaginary? At any rate, I should answer,
look to your stomach first, and, pray, just take a glance at your
tongue. If ever I was so far left to myself as to meditate some rash
act, I should, before going into the matter, have a look at my tongue.
If it was not perfectly clean and moist I should not consider myself
perfectly healthy, nor perfectly sane, and would postpone my
proceedings in the hope that my worldly prospects would get brighter.
What does a physician discover by looking at the tongue? Many things.
The tongue sympathizes with every trifling ailment of body or mind,
and more especially with the state of the stomach. That thin, whitish
layer (fur) all over the surface indicates indigestion. A patchy
tongue (_i.e._, the fur in patches) shows that the stomach is very
much out of order indeed. A yellow tongue points to biliousness. A
creamy, shivering, thick, indented tongue, tells of previous excesses;
and I do not like my friends to wear such tongues, for I sincerely
believe that real comfort can not be secured in this world by any one
who does not keep his feet warm, his head cool, and his tongue clean."

=LEMONS=--=Their Value in Sickness and in Health.=--One of the journals,
speaking of the use of lemons, says:--"For all people, either in
sickness or in health, lemonade is a safe drink. It corrects
biliousness. It is a specific (positive cure) against worms and skin
complaints. Lemon juice is the best antiscorbutic remedy known. It not
only cures the disease but prevents it. Sailors make a daily use of it
for this purpose. A physician suggests rubbing of the gums daily with
lemon juice, to keep them in health. The hands and the nails are also
kept clean, white and soft by the daily use of lemon instead of soap.
It also prevents chilblains. Lemon used in intermittent fever is mixed
with strong, hot, black tea, or coffee without sugar. Neuralgia may be
cured by rubbing the part affected with a lemon. It is valuable, also,
to cure warts and destroy dandruff on the head by rubbing the roots of
the hair with it. In fact, its uses are manifold, and the more we use
them the better we shall find ourselves."

_Remarks._--See also their value for freckles, and the use of hot
lemonade to cure colds, and also lemon juice a cure for small-pox,
etc.


=ERYSIPELAS=--=New and Successful Remedy.=--Dr. T. B. King, of this city
(Toledo, O.), an old physician, of the "Old
School,"--Allopathic--tells me he has cured erysipelas upon a woman's
leg (by the way do women have "legs"--I believe not so understood, but
"limbs"), after ulcerated and swollen so bad that other doctors said
it must be amputated. But by simply dusting upon it, freely, the per
sulphate of iron (Monsel's salt), cleaning off twice daily, with warm
suds, and re-applying, without other treatment, effectually cured her.

_Remarks._--This salt, or preparation of iron, is a great favourite
with Dr. King. He applies it through a speculum (from the Latin
_specere_, to look), to ulcers at the mouth of the womb, or upper part
of the vagina, he says, with equal success. I have also used it, with
success, in several of these ulcerations, so I have confidence in it,
in erysipelas also. To avoid staining the clothing, in these cases,
wear a suitable bandage to absorb any escaping fluid, as the iron in
this leaves an iron-rust appearance upon the clothing.

=1. DIABETES=--=Valuable Diet for, and Diet to be avoided.=--Experience
has shown that the only way to cure diabetes is to change from the
ordinary to the following plan of diet:

I. _Food and Drinks which may be Used._--The quickest way is to
confine the patient to beef and bread made of gluten flour, which has
all the starchy parts of the wheat removed from it in its manufacture;
but mutton, tripe, tongue, ham, bacon, sausage, poultry, game,
oysters, clams and eggs may be occasionally used for variety's sake
(but liver never); so also salads, made with cabbage or lettuce;
cucumbers, watercress, cauliflower, spinach and string beans in their
season; so also peaches and strawberries with cream, but never with
sugar; in fact, all tart fruit may be used, especially nice sour
apples, peeled, quartered and cored, dipped in beaten eggs and rolled
in fine or powdered crumbs of the gluten bread, then fried in very hot
fat and drained while hot, make the best substitute there is for
potatoes, which you will see below, must not be eaten. Milk in
moderate quantities, cream, nice butter, buttermilk and all freshly
made cheese and Neuchatel (Swiss) cheese may be eaten. Nuts in
moderation may be allowed, and eggs freely, cooked to suit the
patient. Coffee or cocoa, in moderation, with cream, but never with
sugar. If tea must be used, let it be weak, and only taken in small
quantities. Sour wines, as claret, Burgundy, Rhine, etc., for those
who will use them, may be taken in moderation at dinner time. For
variety's sake, instead of being absolutely confined to the bread made
of the gluten flour, it may be made into rolls, pancakes, fritters,
mush, and baked puddings, but never with sugar or molasses, nor may
these ever be used, even in pudding sauces. Eat slowly, _i.e._,
masticate (chew) very finely, and what drinks are used let them be
taken at the close of the meal--as little as possible between meals,
of such as have been named above.

II. _Food and Drinks which should Never be Used._--Potatoes, turnips,
beets, carrots, parsnips, peas, beans (only string-beans above named),
rice, celery, asparagus, or tomatoes; nor soups in which common flour
has been put, as vermicelli, noodles, nor any of the vegetables above
prohibited. No cake nor pastry of any kind, except it be made from the
gluten flour; and nothing that contains sugar or starch in any form;
and no spirits, malt beers, nor any of the sweet wines can ever be
allowed. Take tepid or warm baths, according to the season, as often
as necessary, followed with friction and exercise, as needed to bring
a glow of warmth and heat to the surface. [I can not see why the Salt
Water Washings, (which see) should not be used with the friction or
rubbings, as there given; certainly diabetes is a chronic disease.]
Also stick to the above directions as to diet, the year round, to
avoid a relapse.

=EMETIC=--=The Best in Use.=--Lobelia and boneset (_eupatorium
perfoliatum_, also called thoroughwort), each  oz.; infused or
steeped in water, 1 pt. Dose--Give one tablespoonful every 10 minutes
until thorough _emesis_ (vomiting) has taken place.

_Remarks._--This is the best emetic in use, from the fact that it
injures none, and will not continue its action any longer than you
give it. It is necessary, therefore, to continue to give it until the
contents of the stomach are thoroughly evacuated. This was the great
favourite of Prof. I. G. Jones, one of the early Eclectics, who
claimed it the best emetic in use.

=1. Tonic or Stimulant for Sexual Debility.=--Tincture of iodine, 20
drops; simple syrup, 4 ozs. Dose--Take 1 teaspoonful 4 times daily,
one being at bed-time.

_Remarks._--Even in these small doses, Prof. Scudder says, it
stimulates and increases the power of the sexual organs.

=2. Tonic Tincture for Impotency, Spermatorrhoa, etc.=--Dr. R. M.
Griswold, of North Manchester, Ct., reports through _The Brief_, that
he has made several quick cures of the above diseases with the
following: Tincts. of nux vomica and cantharides, each 1 dr.; tinct.
ferri-mur (muriated tinct. of iron), 3 drs.; fl. ex. ergot, 1 oz.;
acidi phos. dil. (dilute phosphoric acid), 3 drs.; mix. [The author
would say, double the amount, as it will be needed.] Dose--Thirty
drops ( teaspoonful) in a wine-glass of water, three times daily.

"Within the last six months," the doctor says, "I have treated several
cases of the above diseases with uniform success, a radical cure being
effected in each case. The two cases occurred in young men of about 20
years of age, resulting from masturbation; one case following
gonorrha; the fourth case, a married man, was the result of excessive
indulgence; and three other cases, where they search for the direct
cause was unsuccessful, yet the same treatment was successful."

_Remarks_.--He required abstinence from all stimulants (liquors) and
condiments (high-seasoned food), using light but nourishing food,
especially milk, eggs, fish; sleeping on a hard bed, and in a cold,
well-ventilated room; total avoidance of all sexual excitement, and
all undue exertion of strength. By observing the foregoing, the
success was satisfactory.

The only apology I have to offer for the introduction of this class of
remedies, for the above diseases, is a positive knowledge that such
conditions are found throughout the country--I mean the whole United
States and Dominion of Canada, and, I have not a doubt, of all other
countries--and also a knowledge that those who have need of such
remedies have so great a delicacy in going to home physicians, they
either put off treatment too long, or are so egregiously humbugged by
advertising quacks that I felt compelled to come to their relief, as
well as those troubled only with the common, or ordinary, diseases
affecting the health of the people. Faithful attention in taking the
medicines, and the avoidance of all the causes leading to these
difficulties, with care also as to diet, etc., will ensure success,
with but trifling expense as compared with the charges of those who
can cure, at most, but few of the cases they succeed in obtaining
through their advertisements.


=BORAX=--=Its Value in Catarrh, Throat Difficulties, Inflamed Eyes,
Dandruff, etc.=--I. A solution of 1 dr. to soft water,  pt., snuffed
up into the nostrils, is valuable in catarrhal difficulties; if
recent, it will effect a cure. Use 3 times daily; though I must say I
think it is easier taken in powder, as a snuff, and better too, taken
5 to 10 times daily. I combine sugar,  dr., with powdered borax, 1
oz.; and put in a few drops of white rose perfume, as a snuff; and if
the throat is sore, drop a pinch of it into the throat at each time of
snuffing. It soon benefits both difficulties.

II. The same strength makes a good wash for weak inflamed eyes.

III. Use as a gargle, in recent affections of the throat.

IV. It makes a valuable wash for the head if troubled with dandruff,
leaving the hair soft and glossy.

V. In nervous headaches, wash the head with it two or three times as
strong, then wash out with cool, clear water, rubbing well with the
towel, and take a nap, and generally all headache will subside, and
the patient be much refreshed.

VI. In erysipelas, a writer in the Philadelphia _Medical Times_ says,
from 8 years' experience, he has found a solution of borax in
glycerine, 1 dr. to 1 oz., to be remarkably effective remedy, to be
locally applied on linen. In connection with this borax solution upon
the inflamed part, I would give 5 to 10 drops of muriated tincture of
iron, every 4 or 5 hours, internally, when a cure may be expected in 2
or 3 to 6 days. If it irritates the stomach, or causes too much flow
of urine, lessen the dose, or lengthen the time between them. (See
also erysipelas, where the treatment may be preferable.)

VII. As a champoo, once or twice a week, it will be valuable for
everyone; but for students, clergymen and others who have
considerable mental work, it will be found especially valuable, after
the labors of the day, rubbing and drying the hair and head well,
before retiring. The powdered borax is readily dissolved, and a small
tea-spoonful to a tumbler of water makes all ready for general
purposes. If there is any inflammation of the gums, rinse them with it
3 or 4 times daily.

VIII. For clothes washing, in Holland, Belgium and France the
washer-women and washer-men (for in some of these countries the men do
a good share of the washing) use a large handful of refined (powdered)
borax; being a neutral salt (having no excess of acid or alkali) it
does not injure the clothing at all, but softens the hardest water, or
at least materially improves it for washing purposes. Many people use
ammonia for most of the purposes here named, but the borax is
generally preferable.

=1. NIGHT SWEATS=--=Remedy for.=--Dr. Charles D. Carpenter reports a case
through the _Medical Brief_, of St. Louis, wherein he was attending a
"medical" friend, suffering with rheumatism, which continued 7 weeks
(I have heard of a case wherein the celebrated Abernethy, of England,
was asked what should be taken for rheumatism, and the answer was,
"Take six weeks,"--in other words, there was no cure, but it would get
well in that time). In this case, after the acute stage had passed,
recovery was retarded by terribly prostrating night sweats, and after
trying half a dozen or more of the common remedies for them, at the
suggestion of the "medical" friend, he gave 2 full doses of chloral
hydrate. When the patient was fully under the influence of the chloral
the sweating ceased and returned no more, the patient making a rapid
recovery. He afterwards tested it in a number of obstinate cases of
night sweats, and with uniform success. Dose--A full dose may be put
down as 15 grs. for a large man; 8 to 10 grs. for a large woman;
repeating or given the second 2 hours after, dissolved in water, say a
wine-glasful or  of a common tumblerful. I should not give beyond the
2 doses. It has been given in much larger doses, but it is not best to
run any risk, unless absolutely necessary in great and long-continued
pain or nervousness arising from delirium tremens, etc.

_Remarks._--If it is good for night sweats arising from rheumatism, it
is good for them arising from consumption, or any other prostrating
disease. Further, it is very probable that one of Dr. Carpenter's
obstinate cases above mentioned was a consumptive; although he does
not say what they were, it is enough to know it is good for this
symptom. It matters not, then what the disease is in which they are
present.


=PILES (Hemorrhoids)=--=Bleeding or Only Tumors, Some Remarkable Remedies
for.=--Stephen Adams, M. D., of West Newfield, Me., in answer to a call
in the _Medical Brief_, of St. Louis, Mo., for hemorrhoids (piles),
says: "I use a remedy which I have used a long time, and which has
cured every case where it has been used. Mix citrine ointment and
rosinous ointment (both kept by druggists), about equal parts; put a
few grs. on a piece of paper, rub on and about the anus (rectum) 3 or
4 times a week, at night. It will stop the hemorrhage (bleeding), and
soon discus (drive away or scatter) the tumor. You need no knife or
caustic. Should the bowels incline to constipation use, 2 or 3 times a
week, 1/3 gr. solid ex. of belledonna, and some gentle laxative (as
cream of tartar, sulphur, magnesia, etc., or the pile laxative below),
or, if possible, a better plan is to keep the bowels regular by proper
diet and exercise."

_Remarks._--This would be considered a pretty good thing, without
other testimony or corroboration; but in accordance with my general
custom, although I have not had a bad case on which to try it, yet as
others have, and are reported through the _Brief_ above named, I will
quote from one more of them. G. A. Graham, M. D., of White Hall, N.
C., June 18, 1880, page 318 of that year, says: "Being a sufferer from
hemorrhoids myself, I was especially interested in the many articles
which appeared in the _Brief_, for the cure of this trouble without
the knife. I concluded to try citrine and rosinous ointment,
recommended by Dr. Stephen Adams; I only used it twice last November,
and have not suffered once since. Four weeks since, an old man came to
me for treatment, who had piles for forty years, in which time he
tried any number of doctors and remedies, without any marked benefit.
I did not care to treat his case with ointment alone, but, as he
refused any more radical procedure (as the knife or ligature,) I gave
him, as an experiment, a little of Adam's ointment; he reports a
wonderful relief. The tumor, which was two inches in length, and
nearly as hard as a bone, almost entirely disappeared, causing no
pain, no hemorrhage (bleeding,) and leaving him like a new man. I
write this hoping that others may be induced to try this remedy and
report."

=1. FEMALE COMPLAINTS=--=Female Debility, Tonic Pill and Infusion
for.=--In cases of female debility from uterine difficulties, often
also connected with ague, or chills and fever; but whether chills and
fever or not, the following pill and infusion will be found valuable:

I. _Pill._--Sulphate of quinine, 1 dr.; citrate of iron, 2 drs.; solid
or alcoholic ex. of nux vomica, 16 grs. Mix thoroughly and make into
64 pills. Dose--Take 1 pill only half an hour before each meal and at
bed-time.

II. _Tonic and Alterative, or Infusion._--In connection with the above
pill much additional benefit will be derived in these cases by the use
of the compound infusion of gentian, made as follows:

Gentian root,  oz.; orange peel and coriander seed, each, 1 dr.;
dilute alcohol (half alcohol and half water), 4 ozs.; cold water, 12
ozs., to which in these cases add nitro-muriatic acid, 1 dr.
DIRECTIONS--All the articles to be dry, and coarsely ground or
bruised; then put on the diluted alcohol and let stand 3 or 4 hours,
then put on the water and let stand 12 hours, and strain; then add the
acid and shake well. "An excellent way," says Dr. Warren, "for using
gentian." This plant comes from Germany, growing in the Alps,
Appennines and Pyrenees mountains. It excites the appetite and
invigorates the digestive powers, and is used in all cases of
debility. It is much used in dyspepsia and during recovery from all
exhaustive diseases. Dose--Take 1 tablespoonful half an hour after
each meal.

_Remarks._--If in any case there are ulcerations at the neck of the
womb or vagina, let there be taken  teaspoonful doses, 3 times daily
of the syrup of iodide of iron an hour or two after the infusion is
taken, and in these cases of ulceration it is best to submit the case
to a physician, and have him make such caustic applications as will
kill the ulcers. The Monsel salt is a good thing to be applied to
them. (See closing remarks above in Hemorrhage, etc.) The fact of
ulceration may be known by a sensation of heat, and perhaps pain, at
the point of ulceration, the discharge of matter, etc. This
combination of treatment is well known to be exceedingly valuable. The
nitrate of silver (lunar caustic in stick) is often used, and I have
applied it--just touching the surface of the ulcer once in 4 or 5
days, has soon cured them, but more recently I have introduced the
Monsel salts upon them, and also along the vagina as the speculum was
withdrawn, with very satisfactory results, except that this salt
contains iron, and consequently stains the clothing, hence, again, I
have applied the sub-nitrate of bismuth, which does not stain, and I
cannot see but what it does equally well if put on pretty freely twice
a week, night and morning, using the injections as given in leucorrhea
(which see).

=2. Leucorrhea, Injection for.=--Pulverized golden seal, 1 oz.; boracic
acid,  oz.; pulverized alum,  oz.; sulphate of zinc, 20 grs.
DIRECTIONS--Mix thoroughly together and keep in a well-stopped bottle,
or suitable covered box. At tea-time put one teaspoonful of the powder
into a cup of hot tea--green tea is preferable. Stir 2 or 3 times
during the evening, and at bed-time strain it and inject with a female
syringe every night, if bad, or every second night in ordinary cases.
First cleansing the parts by injecting 1 pt. to 1 qt. of water as hot
as it can be borne. (See also "Injection, Valuable to Gonorrhea, or
Leucorrhea." See also "Red Drops for Gonorrhea, Leucorrhea, etc.")

_Remarks._--Dr. Mason says this has proved a splendid remedy in every
case where he has used it. I have also used it with success. But as
quinine and tannin have latterly been used considerably in these cases
of leucorrhea, with almost entire success, I will give one containing
them, which I have also tried with great satisfaction, as follows:

=3. Leucorrhea, Valuable Injection for.=--Fl. ex. of golden seal and
chlorate of potash, pulverized, each 1 dr.; sulphate of zinc, 2 drs.;
tannin and sulphate of quinine, each,  dr.; distilled, or pure soft
water, 1 qt. Inject morning and night; first cleansing the parts by
injecting, once or twice, water as hot as it can be borne.
DIRECTIONS--In mixing these ingredients, dissolve the sulphate of zinc
in  pint of water, then put the quinine in a mortar, with a little
aromatic sulphuric acid to dissolve it, then add to the zinc water.
Put the tannin into another  pt. of the water, and stir until
dissolved, then mix the two and add the other articles and the
balance of the water, to make 1 qt.; shake when used, and use only
enough to fill the vagina once, holding it in place 2 or 3 minutes by
placing the fingers of one hand over the vulva, or external part,
having first used the hot water, as directed in the last recipe above,
keeping it in place also 2 or 3 minutes, each time, in the same manner
as here directed, is of the utmost importance, as this plan distends
and cleanses the whole vagina, while in the old way the injections
flowed out alongside of the tube, cleansing but very little indeed.
Use enough of the hot water to distend it twice at least, before using
the tea, or other injection, and the cure will be quick and
satisfactory.

_Remarks._--With this, Dr. J. W. Burney, of Des Arc, Ark., says he has
had more success than with any other; but with this he also gives 1
teaspoonful 3 times daily of the fl. ex. of buchu, internally, in a
little flax-seed tea. The plan and remedies are excellent, as I have
tested them.

=4. Menses, To Restore.=--Fl. ex. of ergot, and fl. ex. of gossypium
(cotton root), each,  oz.; fl. ex. of black cohosh, 1 oz.; simple
syrup, 2 ozs. MIX. DOSE--Take 1 teaspoonful 4 times daily, for a few
days; then, if the menses are not restored stop its use till 4 or 5
days before the regular period for their return, and take it up again
with the help of warm hip baths daily, and daily sitting over the
steam of bitter herbs, etc., as the grandmothers knew so well how to
do. In the meantime, doing anything needed to tone up the system by
taking tonics; overcoming constipation by laxatives, and in a similar
manner endeavoring to overcome any other irregularity, if any exist;
and it is thus--or by such means--you will succeed in restoring the
general health.

=4. Milk, Suppression of, While Nursing=--=Treatment to Restore.=--I. As
this difficulty quite frequently occurs with nursing mothers, and is
also sometimes slow in its first secretions, after child-birth, I will
give an item from the _L'Union Medicale_, a French publication, which
will prove valuable when needed. It says:

"When the milk secretion is slow in appearing, in a lying-in-woman
(woman in confinement, or child-bearing), or when it ceases from
mental or moral causes (not from inflammation of the breasts, or other
actual disease), it may be made to return by cataplasms (poultices),
or fomentation of castor leaves, applied to the breast, or by suction
of the nipple, or by means of electricity. The mammary gland (the
breast), is to be slightly compressed between two sponge electrodes
(also known as the poles of a battery), and a feeble current passed
through the gland for 10 or 15 minutes, twice a day; after the first
few electrizations, the breasts become full, the large veins appear on
the gland, and the milk secretion is set up."

_Remarks._--I have only had an opportunity to test this in one case,
which began to improve by the third day. The poultice should be warm,
and if the castor bean leaf can be got (many people raise them as an
ornamental plant in the garden), they, too, should be put on as hot as
can well be borne. The poultice, or the leaves, used in connection
with the electricity, make it more likely to succeed.

II. It is well, also, in suppression of the milk, which occurs most
generally, if at all, when the child is only a few weeks old, to give
acetate of potash, 1 oz., in water, 8 ozs.; adding a little tinct.,
ess. or fl. ex. of sassafras flavor. Give in doses of 1 to 2
tea-spoonsful, in a little more water, 3 times daily, to act on the
kidneys, which are generally at fault, governing the dose by this
action, not to make too free a flow of urine. As this also helps to
relax the secretary functions of the breasts as well as the kidneys,
weak coffee with plenty of milk and loaf sugar, and the old-fashioned
chocolate, with milk and sugar plenty, drank alternately with the
coffee, through the day, is also excellent, says an old doctor who has
had large experience; and also rub upon the breast freely, Trask's
ointment, or what he thinks better, the bitter-sweet ointment, given
below, all that will be absorbed.

=5. Milk, To Dry Up=--=Camphor and Soap Liniment for.=--Take a pint
bottle, and put into it alcohol, 12 ozs., gum camphor, 1 oz.; and when
dissolved, fill the bottle with good soft soap; but if no soft soap
can be obtained, put in castile soap (shaved finely), 2 ozs.; and fill
the pint bottle with alcohol. Either has to be shaken when used; apply
by wetting cloths and laying on, 3 or 4 times a day, after having
rubbed the breast thoroughly each time. Before rubbing, however, apply
a little of the Bittersweet Ointment, or a little mutton or lamb
tallow, to enable the hand to glide over the breast easily. Careful
rubbing is good alone--with the hand, or a soft, dry towel, properly
gathered in the hand, so it shall not slip. The friction must always
be gentle, but continued some time. If you want to avoid a broken
breast, see "Sore Nipples, Breasts, etc., to Avoid."

D. P. Duncan, M.D., of Waynesboro, Ga., says that mint leaves, steeped
and applied to the breast, will at once stop the secretion of milk,
even of one breast alone, leaving the other with its usual flow of
milk, if desired. The poultice should be applied hot, and changed when
getting cold.

=1. DISEASES OF CHILDREN=--=Prickly Heat, Dysentery, Diarrha,
etc.=--=Remedies.=--Mrs. Jay, of Fern Grove, Ill., reports through the
_Blade_, that an experienced physician taught her the following, in
caring for children broken out with prickly heat:

I. Keep them as cool as possible.

II. For a child of 2 years, give  tea-spoonful of cream tartar in the
morning, for a few mornings.

III. Bathe them in tepid (a little warm) water, with a little soda in
it, every night. It is also good to have a tubful of water (the chill
off, of course), and let the child splatter in it for about fifteen
minutes.

IV. When the heat breaks out in little pimples, which are all sore,
grease them over with fresh (unsalted) grease of any kind; then dust
over with pulverized starch, at least once a day, to keep them from
smarting.

=2. Dysentery, Diarrha, etc., of Children, Cordial for.=--This lady
continues: I. These little ones require much care during warm weather,
with their dysenteries, diarrhas, etc., from teething. I have found
the blackberry balsam, as I call it, a most excellent remedy, but when
the disease is of long standing, and there seems to be pain and
soreness of the bowels, it is best to keep them very quiet, scarcely
rocking them (so the doctor told me) and apply spirits of turpentine
over the bowels. Take a cloth dampened with the turpentine, large
enough to extend up over the stomach, as well as to cover the bowels,
and leave it on long enough to cause redness, but not to blister. Then
take it off, and when the redness goes away, apply again, until it
seems to be out of pain, or easier, or:--

II. _Onion Poultices._--Applied in the same way, are very good; but
the turpentine, if at hand, acts quicker. Onion poultice is made by
chopping, or slicing, 2 onions into a spider with a little water and
cooking well, then spread on a cloth.

_Remarks._--This cooking of the onion, accounts to the author, for
their not acting as quickly as the turpentine; mash them and lay them
on raw, and I think they will act as quickly and as effectually as the
others. Her balsam is entirely different from any I have seen, but it
will be found very valuable. It is as follows;

III. _Blackberry Balsam and Cordial for Children._--Take of the small
and growing roots of the blackberry, 4 ozs.; bark of the bayberry, 2
ozs.; cranes-bill root (known also as _geranium maculatum_ by the
profession, and alum root by the people), and cinnamon bark, each 1
oz.; gum myrrh and cloves, each  oz.; fennel seed,  oz.; loaf sugar
and brandy as given below. DIRECTIONS.--The roots should all be cut
short, then with the other articles all bruised and steeped in 2 qts.
of water until half is evaporated (4 to 6 hours at least), making up
with hot water if too much evaporation; but if steeped slowly, as it
should be, or covered, it will be about right; then strain, and for
the balsam add loaf sugar, 1 lb., and dissolve by heat.

_For the Cordial._--Make the same way, but add sugar,  lb., and best
French brandy,  pt. Each are to be bottled and kept corked for use.
Dose--For children, 1 to 2 tea-spoonfuls, according to age and
severity of the disease; repeat every 1, 2 or 3 hours, as needed. For
adults--for it is good for them too--1 table-spoonful for a dose, time
as above.

_Remarks._--I can see no reason for making two kinds, balsam and
cordial. I should put the full 1 lb. of sugar and the brandy or good
whiskey, as one can get handiest,  pt. to the strained mixture, and
call it syrup, and be done with it; for the spirit will insure its
better keeping and action. Prof. King, in speaking of the fruit of
this berry family, in which the red raspberry, dewberry, etc., are all
included, says: "The fruit, especially that of the blackberry, is of
much service in dysentery, being pleasant to the taste, mitigating
(easing) the accompanying _tenesmus_ (griping and straining) and
suffering of the patient, and ultimately effecting a cure. Blackberry
syrup has cured cases of dysentery, even after physicians had
despaired of a cure.

=3. Summer Complaint, from Teething of Children.=--Sub-carbonate of
bismuth, 36 grs.; Dover's powder, 6 grs. Mix thoroughly, and divide
into 12 powders. Dose--For a child from 1 to 2 years, 1 powder in a
little syrup, every 3 or 4 hours. When the looseness, or diarrha,
has improved to justify it, give only 2 or 3 daily, when needed, to
keep it under control so long as the irritation from the teething
causes the continuance of the diarrha. If properly managed it will
control it.

_Remarks._--I think, in one case, a girl of 1 years old, I continued
its use occasionally for nearly a year. The child being weak and
feeble--puny, as the doctors say,--but care and perseverance overcame
both difficulties, and at this writing, she is nearly 8 years old and
of very good health. Without these powders and the care, I believe she
would years ago have been in her grave.

=1. ASTHMA, Quick Relief and Other Remedies for.=--Although a lobelia,
or some other emetic, has for a long time been considered the only
hope for relief, yet, more recently, the inhalation of chloroform has
proved generally a much quicker relaxant, and consequently the more
satisfactory remedy. It is not necessary to breathe it to entire
unconsciousness, but simply to relieve by putting a bottle of it--an
ounce is sufficient to buy at a time--first to one nostril, closing
the other with the thumb of the opposite hand, and, the mouth being
closed, draw in a long and deep breath to the fullest extent the lungs
will allow; then alternate with the other nostril in the same way
until you realize the needed relief or to the number of 2 or 3 times
to each nostril. Then if not relieved, wait a few minutes and do the
same again. It is better thus than to continue until unconscious. The
chloroform is very satisfactorily inhaled from a glass tube inhaler.
To be corked up when not in use.

=2. Alterative Relaxing Anodyne, and Curative for Asthma.=--Ethereal
tinct. of lobelia and iodide of potash, each, 2 ozs.; tinct.
assaftida (fetta), and laudanum, each, 1 oz.; simple syrup, 4 ozs.
Mix. Dose--From a tea to a tablespoonful every hour or two, to relieve
a paroxysm, 3 or 4 doses. As a curative, after the paroxysm has
subsided, take the same dose only 3 or 4 times a day.

_Remarks._--In closing the subject of asthma, I would say in addition
only, that according to the condition of the system, any existing
difficulty, as costiveness, liver or kidney complaint, must be met and
overcome on general principles, that is, to treat them as you would if
they existed alone. Do all, as per instructions given under each head
referred to in connection with the above items under this head, and
very many cases of asthma will be cured, the general opinion to the
contrary, notwithstanding. The condition of the surface, to keep it
clean and the blood freely circulating therein, by the salt washings,
dry rubbings, etc., (which see), must not, in any case, be neglected
in any long standing disease. If neglected, it is at your own peril.

=2. JAUNDICE, Cured by the Use of the Chionanthus and Acetate of
Potash.=--Dr. Henning, of Redkey, Ind., reports through _The Brief_
also (February, 1879):--"Twenty years ago I used to give calomel and
leptandrin with poor success. But now I give, in all cases, of the fl.
ext. of chionanthus (fringe tree) from 10 to 20 drops (of course
according to age and robustness of the patient) 4 times per day. This
will correct the action of the liver in a short time. But in addition
I prescribe the acetate of potassa (potash), 10 grs., 3 times per day,
to act upon the kidneys (it is a very valuable diuretic) to pump out
and eliminate (throw off) the bilious excrementitious (of the nature
of excrement or fces, but here more particularly worn out) matter
from the blood. This I follow with the elixir of calisaya (Peruvian)
bark with iron and strychnine (kept by druggists) as a tonic,
increasing the nutrition and strength. This treatment," he says, "has
been very successful in my hands, and I am satisfied it is the true
theory of the disease in practice." He thinks it best to "follow up
the treatment 3 to 5 weeks to make a permanent cure."

=2. Jaundice, Allopathic Treatment of=--=Successful.=--I give the
following treatment because it contains calomel and may meet some
cases where the chionanthus cannot be obtained, and also because it
will lead me to follow it with remarks, showing how a very little
calomel will sometimes arouse the action of the liver when, as the
saying is, "everything else has failed." This is from Geo. B. Snyder,
M.D., of Hays City, Kans. It will explain itself. It was reported in
the July number of _The Brief_, 1879. He says:

"In looking over the April number of your valuable journal, I notice
an article on the 'Treatment for Jaundice.' As I understand it, the
mere presence of jaundice is not a disease, but merely a symptom. The
yellow skin indicates the presence of hepatic (liver) trouble, the
true character of which I am, in candour, bound to confess is not
always easy to determine. The last patient under these circumstances,
I was called upon to see, was on August 19, 1878. His symptoms were
yellow skin, impaired digestion, excessive restlessness, with
eclampsia, etc." [This "eclampsia," here, no doubt, refers to an
appearance to the patient like flashes of light, a symptom of
epilepsy.] "My prescription," he continues, "was Hydrarg chlor. mite
(calomel), 4 grs.; podophyllin, 3 grs.; potass. chlor. (chlorate of
potash, pulverized), 30 grs.; ex. of hyoscyami (hyoscyamus), 3 grs.;
mix. Make into 10 powders. Dose--One powder every 2 hours. On the
second day I found my patient so much improved that with a single
prescription of bitter tonics with ex. of nux vomica, I dismissed him.
His recovery to perfect health was absolute." [A good tonic pill for
these cases will be: quinine 45 grs.; alcoholic ex. of nux vomica, 2
grs.; mix thoroughly and make into 30 pills. Dose--One pill only, 4
times a day for an adult. These pills should not be given to children.
But for them 1 gr. powders of quinine might be given as the tonic,
without the nux, in cold, strong coffee, which hides the bitter taste
very much.]

_Remarks._--Dr. Snyder says, above, "the yellow skin indicates the
presence of hepatic, or liver, trouble," but the true character he
"confesses is not always easy to determine." Well, I would ask, why
try to determine at all, so long as the _chionanthus_, as given in the
foregoing recipe, or even his own combination, will cure it? We know
this much, that whenever the skin and eyes are yellow, there is a
certain condition of the liver, and it is generally believed, at
least, that this condition is always the same, hence they are always
cured, as above indicated, by the same medicines. But there is a
certain diseased condition of the liver, attended with considerable
uneasiness, sometimes amounting to actual pain, but not having the
jaundiced or yellow skin and eyes, when the author has not been able
to touch the liver, so as to start the bile, with either the common
liver pills, which contain podophyllin, leptandrin, etc., nor with the
chionanthus; but very minute doses of calomel, even the 20th of a
grain, taken at bed-time, followed with a teaspoonful of epsom salts
in the morning, has aroused its action, and started the bile freely
within the following 24 hours, and was entirely satisfactory and
lasting, by repeating the same doses, at an interval of a week, for 2
or 3 times. These were desperate cases, else I should not have
ventured upon what I have always considered a desperate
remedy--calomel. But, as I have always believed in "giving the devil
his due," I have thus set this down to the credit of calomel,
notwithstanding I, and my mother before me, as well as eclectics
generally, have fought against the use of calomel all our lives. But I
would not, even now, use it in large doses, especially when such very
small ones have such a decided and beneficial effect. But I always try
the ordinary treatment first, and only fall back upon these small
doses of calomel when the first plan fails.

But if I fail to "touch" the liver, as the allopaths call it, _i.e._,
fail to arouse its action, by which its usual biliary secretions are
produced, with the small doses, I should use them as large as 1 to 3
grs.; or, if need be, blue mass, a 3 gr. pill, followed with the
salts, to accomplish the same end. I know several persons who claim,
and no doubt believe, that nothing but a 3 grain pill of blue mass at
night, and sometimes for a second night, will act on their liver when
out of order. Working off next morning, of course, with salts or some
other active cathartic. And I certainly prefer to try this plan rather
than to lose the life of my patient, or have him go to a doctor who
will use calomel or blue mass from choice; although, by their giving
large doses of calomel, they often fail to cure. But I always give
this class of patients a 1 to 2 gr. pill of quinine 3 or 4 times
daily, alter the bilious passages have somewhat subsided; and if much
sour crustations arise from the stomach while the bile is being poured
out so freely, I give a little bi-carbonate (common baking) soda, in
half teaspoonful doses, in a little water. Certainly, however, there
can be no objection raised to Dr. Synider's doses of calomel, as there
would be less than  a gr. to each powder, while allopaths, in the
first time of cholera in the United States, gave it sometimes in ounce
doses, and no doubt killed by such treatment more than the cholera
itself. But now, as some of them have gone down to the 20th of a
grain, or even  grain, doses, I will gracefully cease my warfare upon
it, at least, when given in the above, homopathic, doses. And I am
now, more than ever before confirmed in the idea that it was by large
doses, and other abuses of its use, that much of the harm it has done
was brought about. Where it is used, let it be in small doses only,
and its action watched with great care, and I trust the result will be
as satisfactory to others, as it has been with myself.

=1. SYPHILIS=--=Alterative for=--=Successful in Bad Cases.=--Fl. ex. of
stillingia, corydalis, poke root, yellow dock root and burdock root,
each 2 ozs.; iodide of potash,  to  oz.; simple syrup to make 1 pt.
DIRECTIONS--Dissolve the iodide in a little of the mixture and mix
all. Dose--1 teaspoonful 4 times daily, one being at bed-time. Large
and robust patients may put in the  oz. iodide, weak and feeble ones
only the  oz.

_Remarks._--If there is any gonorrha discharge, every other time it
is made, leave out the extract of poke root, and put in the same
amount of the fl. ex. of buchu, in its place. In very bad cases of
syphillis, when the pint has been all taken, get a pint bottle of
Tilden's Elixir of Iodo Bromide of Calcum Compound (kept by druggists),
and take it according to the directions upon the bottle, and so
alternate for a year or longer, unless well satisfied that all the
syphilitic poison is eradicated from the system sooner than this. The
doctor of whom I obtained this, at Grand Rapids, Mich., told me that
in this manner he had cured very bad cases--one where the whole body
was covered with scabs and sores, except, fortunately for the patient,
his face and hands did not show the eruptions. Upon the scales, or
rather around them, he applied an ointment made as follows: Take a
pint bottle and put into it nitric acid, 1 oz.; quick-silver, 1 oz.,
and let stand until the silver is cut; then melt lard,  lb., in an
earthen bowl, and mix all together and stir with a wooden spatula
until cold. This was swabbed on around the scabs, (if a little gets on
the scab it does not matter; but he thinks it not best to tear off the
scabs, but to put it freely around the edges), at first three times a
week, then twice, and finally only once a week, till all is smooth as
a child's flesh. This case paid him $100, and had previously paid out
over $250 without benefit. I have also since cured a very bad case
with it, and therefore know its value as an alterative. In the case
first given the doctor told me that after the scabs or sores were
cured about 6 months the man wanted to know if he might "marry with
safety;" the answer was, "continue the alterative for a year longer,
then there will be safety in marrying." He followed it up as directed,
and then did marry, and never afterwards saw any ill effects from the
disease. Although the plan of alternating the above alterative with
the Tilden preparation is especially valuable for syphilis, yet the
alterative above will be found very valuable in all the other diseases
requiring one.

=2. Gonorrha=--=Remedy.=--It consists of an inflammation of the urethra
of the male, and of the vagina of the female, which causes, generally,
a discharge (which is contagious) of a muco-purulent character, having
the appearance of mucous and pus. It is generally caused from impure
cohabitation, but it does sometimes arise from the parts coming in
contact with this gonorrhal matter, even when partially dry, upon
sheets where those having the disease have slept, or from privy-seats,
and, in fact, husbands sometimes are affected by an inflammation of a
similar character taken from the wife, who has an acrid leucorrhal
discharge, while both are perfectly honest and virtuous towards each
other. These points are now well known by many physicians, but not
well understood by the people, which leads me to introduce these
recipes, as much to point out these facts as to enable people to cure
themselves or their friends in like condition. Then, as the disease is
well known, as above remarked, in the manner also described above, let
everyone be very careful how they pronounce another guilty of criminal
or impure connection, at least, until they are positive as to the
facts in any particular case. And let me caution everyone having this
disease, or in treating others who have it, to be very careful not to
allow any of the matter to come in contact with any open sore, nor
with the eye or nostrils, for all mucous membranes will take on the
disease by such contact. Keep the hands clean and burn all cloths used
for the purpose of cleanliness to ensure safety.

_Other Treatment Necessary._--In the commencement of the disease,
while the inflammation is acute or active, give a full cathartic dose
of some cooling purgative--for instance, the compound powder of jalap,
with cream of tartar, or a full cathartic dose of any medicine one is
in the habit of using as a cathartic.

_Compound Powder of Jalap._--Best Alexandria senna, in powder, 1 oz.;
powdered jalap,  oz.; powdered cloves,  dr., or powdered ginger, 1
dr.; mix. This forms an excellent cathartic in all cases requiring
quick action. It is mild but efficient, stimulating the liver and
biliary ducts to a healthy action, and helping materially to reduce
all inflammatory diseases. It should not, however, be given in
inflammation of the stomach or the bowels, if of a severe character.
In pregnancy, painful menstruation, and other like conditions of
females, it should be taken only in about half the usual doses; repeat
half the dose if it does not operate in 4 hours in all cases.
Dose--Take one teaspoonful of the powder in a tea-cup and half fill
with boiling water, stir occasionally till cool, stir again and drink
all. Sweeten if desired. In all fevers and in the above cases put into
the cup 1 teaspoonful of cream of tartar, which aids in reducing
fevers or inflammations, especially of the character above indicated.

The patient should also take freely of mucilaginous drinks, as
gum-arabic water,  oz. to 1 oz. to the pint, poured on boiling hot,
and the whole drank in the course of the day, or two at most; or, a
tea of marsh mallows, 1 oz. to the pint of water daily; or, flaxseed
tea made in the same way, as most convenient to obtain. As soon as the
action of the cathartic is well over, and one of the mucilaginous
drinks have helped to allay the severity of the inflammation, use
injections also of an astringent, tonic or antiseptic character,
according to the severity of the case, like the following:

=Injection for Gonorrha.=--The following is one of the more common,
being principally astringent for cases where the inflammation and
discharge is slight: Sulphate of zinc, 8 grs., to water, 4 ozs.
DIRECTIONS--To be injected 2 or 3 times a day at least; but it is well
to inject after each urination, but if much purulent or thick matter,
use one of the following, first having injected water to cleanse the
parts thoroughly, and if this strength causes much smarting or pain,
reduce half with water. A glass or rubber syringe is better than the
metallic ones for all these purposes.

=4. Injection for Gonorrha=--The following combines tonic, astringent
and antiseptic properties, applicable in the severe cases. It was
given by Prof. King in his "Chronic Diseases," with the remark, "that
he makes it known for the first time:" Sulphate of quinine, 20 grs.;
elixir of vitriol (which is aromatic sulphuric acid), 1 dr.; mix, and
shake to dissolve the quinine, then add camphor water, 1 oz. and
distilled water, 3 ozs.; solution of iodide of iron,  dr. Inject as
the first, and if it causes pain or uneasiness to any extent, reduce a
little with water until the improvement enables it to be borne. I will
give one more, which also combines the astringent, tonic and
antiseptic properties necessary to ensure success, and equally
valuable as an injection in leucorrha (which see). It is as follows:

=5. Gonorrha Cured Without Injections.=--If the following internal
treatment will do what Dr. Given, of Louisville, Ky., claims for it,
it is preferable, or, at least, is a less difficult plan to pursue. He
states, through the _Brief_, in answer to an inquiry, "How to cure
Gonorrha successfully without the use of Copaiba, Cubebs or
Injections?" as follows:

"The following is my prescription, as published in the _American
Practitioner_ several years ago. It cures in from 2 to 10 days, if
given within the first 24 or 36 hours after the disease has developed.
I have never injected a single patient: Spirits of nitric ether,
balsam copaiba and camph. tinct. opii (paragoric), of each 1 oz.;
tinct. veratrum viride, 1 dr. Mix. Dose--A teaspoonful 3 or 4 times a
day."

_Remarks._--The author would say in flaxseed tea or some of the other
mucilaginous drinks. The more freely the mucilages are taken the
better for the patient. It is generally claimed however, that those
suffering with gonorrha must be careful about their diet, excluding
meats of all kinds, fats, tea, coffee, and absolutely avoid all
alcoholic and malt liquors, and tobacco in all its forms, if they hope
to get well at all speedily: and also to take a mild cathartic every 3
or 4 days, and that it is also valuable to take a hip-bath 2 or 3
times a day, while the inflammation is considerable, as hot as it can
be borne; also to keep as quiet as possible, else support the scrotum
with a suspensary bandage to prevent stagnation or accumulation of
blood in the parts, to which there is often considerable tendency.

=6. Gonorrha in its Commencement=--=Cure Without Injection=.--After
having written the above, I went to my dinner, and on my return found
my _Medical Brief_ had been delivered, and on looking it over, was
struck at the simplicity of a recipe for gonorrha, given in answer to
an inquiry for such a cure, by Dr. Hall, of Fairmount, Ga., as
follows:

"Spirits nit. dulc. (sweet spirits of nitre), 1 oz.; balsam of copaiba
and tinct. of mur. ferri (tinct. of muriate of iron), of each, 1 dr.
MIX. DOSE--A teaspoonful in water, milk or wine (I would say in some
of the mucilages before mentioned) given every few days, 4 to 6 hours
apart. No injections needed in incipient (the beginning of)
gonorrha."

_Remarks._--He uses the same in ardor urin (scalding, or heat in
passing urine) with like success; but in this last condition he gives
the same dose, repeating in 3 hours, then at longer intervals. From my
knowledge of the properties of the article, I recommend a trial at
once, wherever and whenever needed, in either disease. But as some
persons will not begin any treatment at once, as they ought to do,
letting the disease become chronic, or by mismanagement or
carelessness in taking medicine, or by persisting in the use of
spirits, fat meats, etc., a gleet, or slight discharge, will continue
from the uretha after the inflammatory condition has been subdued.
Such a condition will require something of the character given for
gleet, after the next item.

=7. Gonorrha, the Latest and Most Simple Treatment for.=--Some time
after all the foregoing had been written upon this subject, the
December number of my _Therapeutic Gazette_, of Detroit, Mich., came
to hand, with a treatment for this disease, from Dr. Joseph McChesney,
surgeon of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Co., at Deming,
N.M., which appears so simple and easy of trial, and withal so
effectual (he reporting a number of cures in from 6 to 10 days, and
some of them of long standing) that I feel constrained to give it,
believing it to be as effectual as it is simple. It is as follows:
Dissolve corrosive sublimate, 1 gr. only, in water, 6 ozs., injecting
a syringe of it every 4 hours.

_Remarks._--He gave cases of acute, or just commenced, as well as
those of long standing, in which it was equally effective. It needs no
further comment nor recommendation of mine, only to say I trust too,
with him, that in the corrosive sublimate treatment for gonorrha, I
have at last met with the drug that gives such entire satisfaction to
the infortunate, and one that will prove a financial boon to me, and
hereby a boon to the infortunate many, who may never see Dr. McChesney
nor myself.

=8. Gleet, Effectual Treatment for.=--Some of the first above mentioned
injections for gonorrha, may be injected for gleet, or the following,
as used by Dr. S. L. Blake, of San Francisco, Cal., who has found it
so effectual that he deemed it his duty to place it before the readers
of _The Brief_, in 1880, as follows: Sulphate of zinc, 12 grs.; tinct.
iodine, 10 drops; distilled water (soft-water will do in all such
cases), 8 ozs.; mix; inject 4 times a day. Also, fl. ex. uva ursi, 3
ozs.; fl. ex. pareira brava, 1 oz.; fl. ex. cascara sagrada and syrup
of orange, each 2 ozs.; water sufficient to make 8 ozs.; mix. [The
pareira brava is a native of the West India Islands and the Spanish
Main, says King, in his American Dispensary, "It is a tonic, diuretic
and aperient, used in chronic inflammations of the bladder, and
various disorders of the urinary organs." The cascara sagrada is
valuable in constipation, while the properties of the other articles
in these prescriptions are well known to be valuable for what he
recommends them.] Dose--Take a tea-spoonful 3 times a day before
meals.

_Remarks._--This, he says, I consider an invaluable remedy in
obstinate cases. Of course the principal readers of _The Brief_ are
physicians, which shows that Dr. Blake was well satisfied with it or
he would not risk the criticism he would receive if it was not
reliable.


=EPILEPSY=--=Remedies Which Have Been Successful.=--I. Chas. Van Wye,
M.D., of Browning, Mo., reports through _The Brief_ the case of a man
of 37, who had been troubled from childhood with epilepsy, cured by
the use of bromide of potassium, 30 grs., 3 times a day, dissolved in
water, half a tumbler or so, until it produced its physiological
effects, which are similar to that of iodide of potassium, _i. e._, it
may affect the head like a cold, and if the stomach or alimentary
canal are irresistible, it may produce diarrha, and increase the
urine too much, but it may produce _acne_ (a pustular affection of the
skin), and a person taking large doses very long may have a
manifestation of weakening of the mind; then, if any of these occur,
stop its use a few days, or a week; or if taking it 3 times daily
about meal-time, stop the noon dose, and if this does not relieve
that, or either of these conditions, drop to 15 or 20 gr. doses, twice
daily, then if not relieved in a few days stop as above indicated. In
the case given it was used at intervals, _i. e._, stopping every
fourth week for 15 months, and only one convulsion after beginning its
use. But the doctor would not begin unless the man would agree to take
it several months at least. He considered it a perfect cure.

_Remarks._--Dr. King, in his Dispensatory, says: "It has been used
successfully in enlarged spleen and liver, swelling of lymphatic
glands (glands of the neck, armpits, front of elbow, back of knee,
groins, etc., externally, and along the lymphatic vessels
internally), scrofula, epilepsy, nervous depression from masturbation,
also nocturnal (night) emissions, irritability of the nervous centres,
and in hypertrophy (enlargement) of the ventricles (of the heart). It
has proved successful in pertusis (whooping-cough), and also in
asthma, in doses of 20 to 30 grs., repeated 2 or 3 times a day," etc.
So you see it has been used in as large doses as Dr. Wye prescribes it
above; but it has not been used as long, generally, and that is the
probable reason that it has not proved more beneficial heretofore.
Even in doses of 10 to 15 grs. it has held fits in check, and in such
doses may be continued for years safely; watch in all cases, however,
for any of the above named bad symptoms and stop or lessen the dose as
directed.

II. _Pill for Epileptic Fits in the Early Stages._--Sulphate of zinc
and cayenne pepper, each 60 grs.; rhubarb and ipecac, each 30 grs.;
all pulverised and made into 60 pills, with solid ext. of hyoscyamus,
enough only to form into pill mass. Dose--Take 1 pill night and
morning one week, then stop a week, and so on every other week.

_Remarks._--Dr. Gunn, in his "New Family Physician," says of it: "An
important remedy, and has cured many cases of epileptic fits, when
taken in early stages."


=SALT WASHINGS, DRY RUBBINGS, ETC.=--=Important in all Chronic Diseases,
Especially of an Inflammatory Character.=--In all chronic diseases, and
especially diseases of an inflammatory character, as catarrh, throat,
bronchial or lung difficulties, inflammation of any or all these parts
named, or inflammation of the stomach, liver, kidneys, bladder,
urethra, vagina, white swelling, and any or all other swellings or
inflammation, and in all conditions and at all times of life, it is of
the utmost importance, not only to keep the whole surface clean, by
bathing or washing, at least twice a week in summer, and once a week
in winter; but in all chronic or long-standing diseases, it is very
important to stimulate the skin by salt water washings every other
morning (Sunday morning being set for a soap and water washing),
followed by brisk rubbing of the whole surface, which equalizes the
circulation, helps to break up congestions (an undue amount of blood
in any organ or part), putting the whole machinery of the circulatory
system (heart, arteries, veins and the smaller vessels near the
surface known as capillaries), into complete working order, without
which perfect health cannot be long maintained.

I. _Strength of Salt Water._--Dissolve  a teacup of common barrel
salt in 3 pints of water, in winter the water should be warm and the
bath taken in a warm room; in summer, if the water stands in the room
over night, it will do very well without warming; then with a sponge,
or what is better, a piece of coarse woollen cloth, wash first the
arms neck and body thoroughly, then the lower limbs and feet, by which
time the upper parts will be dry without wiping, when, with another
piece of coarse woollen cloth, flesh-brush or hair mitten, rub as hard
and long as the friction can be borne, or till the whole surface glows
or burns with the heat caused by the free circulation of the blood in
the skin. The morning is the best time to do it, as the system is then
free from excitement, and, unless you have been too warmly covered,
also free from perspiration; therefore, less likely to "take cold." Do
not neglect the feet, even, but rub all well and thoroughly each time.
It is claimed by some physicians that these salt washings and dry
rubbings alone will break up and cure many chronic diseases. I know,
however, without a good circulation in the skin, health will sooner or
later fail. My desire is to impress its importance upon every invalid,
for without it not half the speed can be made in curing disease, even
with the best of treatment.

II. _Dry Rubbings._--All other mornings and evenings than those for
the salt-water washings, the friction or dry rubbing will materially
help to bring about the desired circulation of the blood in the skin,
as it draws it away from any inflamed or otherwise diseased organ or
part of the system. To be done as you undress for the night, and
before dressing in the morning.

III. _Cold Feet._--In all cases of habitual cold feet, the foregoing
plan of washings and rubbings is also of the utmost importance, making
the friction, or rubbings, of the lower limbs and feet the most
thorough.

IV. The advantages of these washings and rubbings will soon be
realized if the directions are faithfully carried out. If a common
towel is thoroughly wet in salt water, of the strength above given,
then hung up without wringing, and dried, it can be used with
advantage on the back and shoulders. It does well, also, to rub the
whole surface with the salt, which gives it a "bite," or roughness,
taking hold of the surface quickly.

V. The flesh-brush, a long, crooked or bent one, with which you can
reach the back, shoulders and every other part, is very convenient,
but costs from $1 to $2, according to quality; and the English hair
glove, or rather mitten, is also a great help for men but too harsh
for women, in their frictions. A mitten made of any coarse sacking
will do well for them, or even for men, if they bear on hard in using
it; but it matters not so much as to what you use to arouse the
surface circulation as it does in this, that by some of these means it
must be aroused and also maintained, _i. e._, to have warm surface if
you expect to break up chronic or long-standing inflammatory diseases
of any of the internal organs; if you do not do this, or if you cannot
do it, the disease will make steady progress against you, not much
matter what else you do or take.

VI. _Sweating and Cold Feet in Cases of Debility._--Very often, in
cases of debility, the feet sweat considerably, so as to wet the
bottoms of the stockings, and the feet consequently become so cold as
to make one think they are standing upon a stone, as it were. In such
cases, no matter whether it be with consumptives or from other
diseases, or even if this condition of sweating of the feet is common
to any one, the best and only natural course of treatment is to soak
the feet in cold salt water--a couple of good handfuls of salt in
water enough to nicely cover the feet--from 3 to 5 minutes, night and
morning, and, if very bad, also at noon; then wipe dry and use the
brush, hair mitten, or a mitten made with some very coarse sacking,
until the surface is completely red by the rush of blood to them; then
rub also with the hands, and pat or slap the feet with the hands, the
one on top, the other upon the bottom, so that the blows meet, except
that the foot and toes are between them; and thus work with them until
they begin to get warm; then put on the stockings and you will soon
feel such a glow of warmth and comfort that will more than repay for
all the discomfort it has caused you. This must be continued until the
difficulty--tendency to sweating of the feet--is overcome, no matter
whether it takes a month or a year; and it must be extended to the
whole surface of the body and limbs, as in the salt water washings
before mentioned, once or twice a week, and with the dry rubbings each
night and morning, all the time, as needed; and if it is done by every
person all their lives, they will live years longer than they would
without it. And here I will add, that those referred to before as not
having a warm room in winter in which they can use the salt water
washings, can do this soaking of the feet in salt water, as I have
directed, in the family room, where even a young lady will probably
not faint on seeing a gentleman's feet, especially if kept as clean as
they ought to be; then the "Swiss movement" or the "Massage," and
rubbing the body and limbs, can be done in the bed, as already pointed
out. Of course, in all cases of debility, or of chronic diseases, a
suitable tonic treatment should be adopted, that will build up the
system and meet all other conditions that the case may require.

VII. _Salt Water Washings and Dry Rubbing, when Your Room is Cold,
Substitute for._--Some of my patients, whom I had desired to use the
salt washings and dry rubbings, have reported that they could not, in
cold weather, have warm rooms in which they could attend to it. To
such I would say, then, get into bed, and as soon as the bed gets a
little warmed up by your presence, lying upon the back, draw one foot
up to the body, which elevates the knee, place the other foot upon
that knee, which brings the leg near enough to allow you to pinch the
skin, gently, with the thumb and fingers and with the fingers and
"heel of the hand," from foot to knee, several times over, thoroughly;
then the upper part of the limb in the same way; then change and do
the other in the same manner, both evening and morning before rising.
It is called the "Swedish movement," or "Massage," and if it is
extended to the arms and body so much the better. You can have a
common hair brush and use that over the limbs and feet freely too, to
close with; or you can straighten down the limbs, and with the bottom
and side of one foot against the inside of the other leg you can, with
a little practice, make a thorough friction on the inside of the leg,
or limb; then put the knee over the top and outside of the leg and do
the same; then put the toes under the leg, and to the outside, do the
same there. The quicker the foot is moved up and down upon its
opposite one, the better will be the friction, and the warmer will the
feet and limb become; for it can be done nicely upon the top and sides
of the foot, as well as upon the leg. Of course, first one, then the
other, is to have a "treat." And if it is done well and thoroughly,
after the first few times, if your feet and limbs are habitually cold,
you will, indeed, think and realize that it is a grand treat, too. One
who has never tried it will be astonished at the warmth which five
minutes rubbing thus, to each limb, will give.

If this plan fails to keep your feet warm all through the night, put
on woollen stockings when you wake up and find them cold. Try it, all
who have not warm rooms for the water washings and rubbings; and do
this, too, every night and every morning, until warm feet is the rule,
not the exception; and thank Dr. Chase as long as you live. I know you
will, if you learn to do it thoroughly and well. The upper leg, or
thigh, must be done with the hand, brush, small coarse towel, or a
woollen cloth, well gathered into a tight ball or handful, that it may
not slip round upon itself. The harder you rub the better, and the
less time it will take to get up the necessary warmth.

=DIURETICS, VALUABLE.=--I. Buchu and uva ursi, leaves of each, 1 oz.;
pareira brava root, 1 oz. Mix and divide into 3 powders or parcels,
evenly. DIRECTIONS AND DOSE--Pour upon one of these parts a quart of
boiling water, in a covered tin pail or fruit jar. When cool enough to
drink, take 1 to 3 moderate swallows every 2 or 3 hours, so as
increase the flow of urine, which will use up the quart in about 2
days. If to be kept longer, 6 oz. of good gin will prevent its
souring, if strained from the dregs. Used in catarrh of the bladder,
irritation of the kidneys, urethra, etc.

II. Take Buchu leaves, 2 oz., and treat as in I.; when cool add 1
teaspoonful of bi-carbonate of soda, and 30 drops of fl. ex. of
hyoscyamus, and drink all in 2 days. Use more than the above in cases
where there is mucus of a stringy character passed in the urine. After
a day or two, repeat the same until relieved. If much irritation of
the urethra, get 1 oz. of sub-nitrate of bismuth and put into 8 oz. of
soft water, and inject  oz. into the urethra 3 times daily, shaking
before pouring out; else obtain "Humphrey's Marvel of Healing," and
add 3 times as much water as of the "Marvel," and inject in its place.
Either is excellent. Retain them 2 or three minutes, whichever is
used. These are good for any case requiring diuretics.

=HOT WATER CURE=--=Directions for using.=--The following instructions as
to the manner of using hot water as a means of restoring health to a
generally debilitated or exhausted system, I take from the _Medical
Brief_, thinking the explanation and directions here given will enable
many of our readers to obtain additional helps over and above what are
given under the head of Hot Water in Consumption, Dyspepsia, etc. I
have been unable to find where Dr. Salisbury's institute is located,
or anything further than given in this quotation, and the different
items referred to in this book, as above indicated; but as I have been
using it with satisfaction in several cases of dyspepsia I think it
will be found generally useful. I will here say that I recommend the
water to be heated to 140 F. in summer, and 145 to 150 in winter,
in quantity about  to  of a pint as a general thing, and taken about
 to  of an hour before meals. If one should be very thirsty at
bed-time, then, also, but not unless necessary to allay thirst.

I. "_The Water Must be Hot, Not Cold Nor Lukewarm._--This is to excite
peristalsis (like peristaltic, a successive contraction and relaxing
of the muscular coats) of the alimentary canal. Cold water depresses,
as it uses animal heat to bring it up to the temperature of the
economy (body), and there is also a loss of nerve force in the
proceeding. Lukewarm water excites upward peristalsis, or vomiting, as
is well-known. By hot water is meant a temperature of 110 to 150
Fahrenheit, such as is commonly liked in the use of tea and coffee. In
cases of hemorrhage, the temperature should be at blood heat (98 F.).
Ice-water is disallowed in all cases, sick or well.

II. "_Quantity of Hot Water at a Draught._--Dr. Salisbury fist began
with one-half pint of hot water, but he found that it was not enough
to wash out, nor to bear another test founded on the physiological
fact that the urine of a healthy babe sucking a healthy mother--the
best standard of health--stands at a specific gravity varying from
1.015 to 1.020. The urine of the patient should be made to conform to
this standard, and the daily use of the urinometer (an instrument for
telling the specific gravity of the urine, but not generally necessary
to have nor obtain except in hot-water cures) tells whether the
patient drinks enough or too much hot water.

"For example, if the specific gravity of the urine stands at 1.030,
more hot water should be drank, unless there is loss by sweating. On
the other hand, should the specific gravity of the urine fall to
1.010, less hot water should be drank. The quantity of hot water
varies usually from  pt. to 1 pts. at one time of drinking.

"The urine to be tested should be the _urina sanguinis_, or that
passed just after rising from bed in the morning, before any meals or
drinks are taken.

"The quantity of urine voided in 24 hours should measure from 48 to 64
ozs. (1 to 2 qts.). The amount will, of course, vary somewhat with
the temperature of the atmosphere, exercise, sweating, etc., but the
hot water must be given so as to keep the specific gravity of the
infant's standard, to wit: 1.015 to 1.020. The urinometer will detect,
at once, whether the proper amount of hot water has been drank, no
matter whether the patient is present or absent. Another test is that
of odor. The urine should be devoid of the rank _urinous_ smell, so
well known, but indescribable. [The absence of this "rank smell" is a
sufficient guide for home tests; take enough to get rid of this rank
odor, is all sufficient.]

"The Salisbury Plans aim for this in all cases, and when the patients
are true and faithful, the aim is realized. [If a patient will not be
true to himself, or herself, you may as well give up trying at once.]

III. _Times of Taking Hot Water,_--One to two hours before each meal,
and half an hour before retiring at night. [I have taken it myself,
and so recommended to others, half or three-fourths of an hour, only,
before each meal, and have never known vomiting, or even sickness of
the stomach to arise.]

"At first, Dr. Salisbury tried the time of one-half hour before meals,
but this was apt to be followed by vomiting. [I have not so found it.]
One hour to 2 hours allows the hot water time enough to get out of the
stomach before the food enters, or sleep comes, and thus avoids
vomiting. Four times a day gives an amount of hot water sufficient to
bring the urine to the right specific gravity, quantity, color, odor,
and freedom from deposit, on cooling. [There is probably something of
importance in these points, but I have, as yet, at any rate, only
recommended to take it 3 times daily, unless thirsty at bed-time.] If
a patient leaves out one dose of hot water during the day, the
omission will show in the increased specific gravity (weight, by the
urinometer), in the color, etc. Should the patient be thirsty between
meals, 8 ozs. (half pint) of hot water can be taken any time between 2
hours after a meal and 1 hour before the next meal. This is to avoid
diluting the food in the stomach with water.

IV. "_Mode of Taking Hot Water._--In drinking the hot water, it should
be sipped, and not drank so fast as to distend the stomach and make it
feel uncomfortable. From 15 to 20 minutes may be consumed in drinking
the hot water. [About 5 minutes time is all the author took in
drinking the hot water, and all he recommends; still, if 1 to 1 pts.
are to be taken, a longer time will be needed. But, for ordinary cases
of home treatment, I think  to  pt. is enough, and especially so if
it is taken 4 times daily.]

V. "_The Length of Time to Continue the Use of Hot Water._--Six months
is generally required to wash out the liver and intestines thoroughly.
As it promotes health the procedure can be practiced by well people
throughout life, and the benefits of cleanliness be enjoyed. The drag
and friction on human existence from the effects of fermentation,
foulness and indigestible food, when removed by this process, gives
life a wonderful elasticity and buoyancy.

VI. "_Additions to Hot Water._--To make it palatable, in case it is
desired, and to medicate it, aromatic spirits of ammonia, clover
blossom tea, ginger, lemon juice, sage, salt and sulphate of magnesia
(epsom salts), are sometimes added. When there is intense thirst, and
dryness, a pinch of chloride of calcium (chloride of lime) or nitrate
of potash (nitre) may be added, to allay the thirst and leave a
moistened film over the parched and dry mucus membrane surfaces. When
there is diarrha, cinnamon, ginger or pepper may be boiled in the
water, and the quantity drank lessened. For constipation, a
tea-spoonful of sulphate of magnesia, or  tea-spoonful of _taraxacum_
(dandelion fl. ex.) may be used in the hot water.

VII. "_Amount of Liquid (Tea, Coffee or Water) to be Drank at a
Meal_--Not more than 8 ozs." [ pt. or 1 cup of tea or coffee.] "This
is in order not to dilute the gastric juice, or wash it out
prematurely, and thus interfere with the digestion process.

VIII. "_The Effects of Drinking Hot Water, as indicated, are:_--The
improved feelings of the patient. The fces (passages) become black
with bile, washed down its normal (natural or healthy) channel. This
blackness of fces lasts for more than six months (I have not found
this so, but it may be in some cases) or until the intolerable fetid
odor of ordinary fces is abated (this I have found true,) and the
smell approximates the smell of healthy infants sucking healthy
breasts, and this shows that the ordinary nuisance of fetid (bad
smelling) fces is due to a want of working out and cleansing the
alimentary canal from its fermenting contents. The urine is clear as
champagne, free from deposit, odor, or coloring, 1.015 to 1.020
specific gravity, like infants' urine. The sweat starts freely after
drinking, giving a true bath from centre to surface. The skin becomes
healthy in feeling and looks. The digestion is correspondingly
improved, and with this improvement comes a better working of the
machine." [Human system as a whole.] "All thirst and dry mucus
membranes disappear in a few days, and a moist condition of the mucus
membrane and the skin takes place. Ice water in hot weather is not
craved for and those who have drank ice water freely are cured of the
propensity. Inebriety has a strong foe in the use of hot water."

_Remarks._--The author finds, by personal use of hot water, nearly all
the foregoing statements of the _Brief_ to be facts, and I especially
hope the last statement shall so prove that "inebriety has a strong
foe in the use of hot water," and I feel almost sorry I cannot attest
to this from a personal knowledge, so anxious am I to do good to my
fellow creatures, knowing, as I do, how much confidence the statement
of a fact with which the author has positive knowledge helps one to
have faith enough in any certain thing to give it a trial. Let none
needing it for that purpose, or any other given here and in other
parts of this book, for all purposes indicated here or there, fail to
try it. The author, however, can give no greater assurance of his own
confidence in the use of hot water than to say that I now arise to go
and heat water to take myself, half an hour before my supper, for it
does me good, stops all craving for cold drinks and allays all
feverishness of stomach, bowels, etc., etc., of this hot day, the
thermometer reaching 90 Fahrenheit in my office at 3 p.m.

=MEASLES.=--This is a contagious or "catching" eruption, and would be a
disease of less severity were it not sometimes followed by serious
results. It is a disease peculiar to childhood, although persons well
along in years sometimes have them. As children have them easier than
adults it is advisable to take no special precaution to prevent them.
They usually appear in from 7 to 14 days after exposure.

_Symptoms_.--The first symptoms of measles are shivering, succeeded by
heat, thirst and languor; then follows running at the nose, sneezing,
cough; the eyes water and become intolerant of light; the pulse
quickens, and the face swells; there are successive heats and chills,
and all the usual signs of catarrhal fever. Sometimes the symptoms
are so mild as to be scarcely noticeable, and sometimes greatly
aggravated; but in any case, at the end of the third day, or a little
later, an eruption of dusky red color appears, first on the forehead
and face, and then gradually all over the whole body. In the early
stage of this eruption there is little to characterize it, but after a
few hours it assumes the peculiar appearance, which once seen can
never be mistaken. The little red spots become grouped, as it were,
into crescent-shaped patches, which are slightly elevated above the
surface, the surrounding skin retaining its natural color. On the
third day of the eruption it begins to fade and disappear, being
succeeded by a scurfy disorganization of the cuticle, which is
accompanied by an intolerant itching. The febrile symptoms also abate,
and very quickly leave the patient altogether, but often in a very
weak state and with a troublesome cough. Between exposure to the
infection and the breaking out of measles, there is usually an
interval of 14 days, which is called the period of incubation; so that
it is not uncommon, where there are several children in a family, for
the cases to succeed each other at fortnightly intervals.

The disease is often rendered dangerous by complications with others;
so that, not in itself of a fatal character, it frequently leads to
fatal results. Where there are the seeds of consumption or scrofula in
the constitution, they are likely to be called into activity during
the debility which follows an attack of measles; dropsy often follows
it, as do affections of the air passages, chest and bowels.

=How to Distinguish Measles from Scarlet Fever.=--Measles is a less
dangerous disease than scarlet fever, although sometimes mistaken for
it in the early stages. In measles the spots are not as deeply colored
as in scarlet fever, and are differently shaped and rougher to the
touch. In scarlet fever the spots usually appear on the second day
after the first symptoms are observed, and in measles on the third or
fourth day. The irritation of the nose, sneezing and discharge, that
are prominent symptoms in measles, do not occur in scarlet fever.

TREATMENT.--Generally speaking, for simple measles, little medicine is
required. Give the patient plenty of dilutent drinks, let him have a
spare diet and a moderately warm and well ventilated room; keep the
bowels gently open; if a roasted apple or a little manna in the drink
will not do this give a dose of castor oil. Where there is much heat
of the skin, sponging with tepid vinegar and water will completely
relieve it, and also the itching. When the eruption has subsided, and
the desquamation of the skin commenced, a tepid bath will materially
assist this process, and get rid of the dead cuticle. On the third or
fourth day after the disappearance of the eruption, give a small dose
of powder of rhubarb, jalap, or scammony. Care should be taken to
protect the patient against change of weather, and to restore the
strength by a nourishing diet. Attention should be paid to the cough.
Give drinks of flaxseed tea or slippery elm, made slightly acid.

If the attack is severe, attended with high fever, headache,
restlessness, etc., the feet should be placed in a hot mustard bath
for ten or fifteen minutes, after which place the patient in bed
warmly covered, giving every hour until the fever subsides and
sweating takes place, Fluid Extract of Aconite, 1 drop to a
teaspoonful of water; and every 2 hours, or until the pulse is reduced
in frequency, give 1 drop Fluid Extract of Veratrum Viride similarly
diluted.

Cold water may be taken freely with benefit in this as well as in all
other eruptive or miasmatic fevers. A very good drink can be prepared
by making a bowlful of slippery elm infusion, and adding the juice of
a lemon and a tablespoonful of cream of tartar, and using as a drink
as the patient desires.

The bowels should be regulated by the Compound Podophyllin Pills, or
the Compound powder of Jalap.

The diet should be light, and consist largely of ripe cooked fruits,
gruels, broths, and other easily digestible articles.

Sore throat should be relieved by inhalation of hot vinegar, or by a
Gargle of Carbolic Acid, 2 drops to 1 ounce of water. If the eyes
should become irritated and inflamed, they may be relieved by a cool
wash of slippery elm, alum curd, rose leaves, or moist tea-grounds
taken from the pot.

=To Bring them Out.=--In cases where the eruption does not appear, warm
whiskey-sling or the Compound Tincture of Virginia Snake Root may be
given to bring it out.

2. Sometimes when warm drinks fail to bring them out, drinking largely
of cold water, and keeping warmly covered in bed, will produce the
desired effect.

3. The following will be found most efficient: Strong balm tea with a
little saffron infused, or hot ears of corn, wrapped in a cloth
saturated with diluted vinegar, placed about the body.

=Striking in.=--Sometimes the eruption of measles disappears
suddenly--then there is cause for alarm, and energetic treatment
required; the patient should be directly put into a warm bath, and
have warm dilutent drinks; if the pulse sinks rapidly, and there is
great prostration of strength, administer wine whey, and the following
draughts: 10 drops of aromatic spirits of ammonia, or 5 grains of the
sesquicarbonate in  an ounce of camphor mixture, with a drop of
laudanum every four hours; should the prostration be very great, weak
brandy and water may be given. The state of the chest, head, and
bowels should be closely watched for some time after the patient is
convalescent, as disorders of these organs are very likely to occur,
in which case it is probable that there may be pneumonia,
hydrocephalus, or diarrha.

2. Apply mustard poultices to the feet, ankles, wrists, and over the
whole abdomen, letting the poultices remain a few minutes and until
they produce considerable redness.

Severe cases of measles are liable to be accompanied with pneumonia,
and where there are decided symptoms of this, the Hop Fomentation (see
below) should be applied over the whole chest, with warm applications
to the feet and legs. The frequent inhalation of the vapour of hot
vinegar should be employed.

Chronic sore eyes, diarrha, a lingering cough, etc., are liable to
follow severe cases of measles, and these should be treated according
to the indications of each individual case.

=Malignant Measles.=--This is a variety which commences with the above
symptoms in an aggravated form; the rash quickly assumes a livid hue,
alternately reviving and disappearing, and is mixed up with dark red
spots like flea-bites; in this form of the disease we have extreme
debility and all the symptoms of putrid fever, like which it should be
treated. No time should be lost in procuring medical aid.

_Herbal or Eclectic Treatment for Measles._--A strong tea composed of
saffron and snake root always proves beneficial. Decoctions of
licorice, marshmallow roots and sarsaparilla are likewise beneficial.
Sudden changes should be guarded against, and especially exposure to
cold draughts, the room, however, should be kept moderately cool. No
animal food should at first be taken, but the patient confined to low,
spare diet, such as sage, gruel, etc. A good drink may be made of
barley water, acidulated with lemon juice.

=HOT FOMENTATIONS AND POULTICES.=--Hot fomentations are serviceable in
treating many forms of disease, and in some they are indispensable.
Hops, stramonium or jimson weed, tansy, hoarhound, catnip, lobelia,
etc., either in the herb or in tincture, are among the most common
agents employed. The herbs should be simmered in water, or vinegar and
water, until their strength responds to the liquid, when they should
be placed between thin muslin cloths, applied as hot as the patient
can bear, and covered with a number of thicknesses of heated cloths.
Material should be prepared for two applications, so that as one is
removed the other may be applied. The same application may be used
over and over, using the liquid in which it was steeped, or adding hot
water to keep it moist. They should be changed every 5 to 8 minutes,
using care not to expose the part to the cold air during the changes.
When using tinctures instead of herbs, prepare a lotion by adding to a
sufficient quantity of water, or vinegar and water, or whiskey and
water, so much of the tincture as will give it the requisite strength,
warm the lotion and place it where it will keep warm, and saturate and
wring from it several thicknesses of flannel or muslin, applying hot
to the part as in other cases. Vinegar or whiskey should form an
ingredient, if practicable, in any fomentation, and hops form a good
combination with other ingredients when not used alone.

=Hop Fomentation.=--In bilious colic, inflammation of the lungs, and
other cases requiring energetic treatment, the best fomentation is
made as follows: Take a quart of vinegar, put in a kettle, and add as
much hops as the vinegar will take up; boil them together for 5 or 10
minutes, and stir in as much corn meal as will make the whole into a
thick mush. The meal is added simply to give consistence to the mass
so as to retain the heat and not wet the bedding. If corn meal is not
at hand, shorts, or bran and flour mixed together, will do. Spread
this thickly upon an ample piece of muslin cloth (if 2 or 3 inches
thick all the better), and apply hot. If too hot to be applied next
the skin, lay folds of cloth between. The essential point is to get
the heat and the fullest effects of the hops and vinegar as soon as
possible, and to hold their effect as long as possible.

=Hot Mustard Foot Bath.=--Prepare a bucket or tub, the same as for an
ordinary foot bath, filling it a third to half full of water as hot as
the patient can bear with comfort. Put in it about two tablespoonfuls
of ground mustard (more or less, according to the degree of strength
desired). Provide a reserve of hot water (boiling hot, or nearly so),
and after keeping the feet in the bath for a short time, add hot water
to keep up the temperature, keeping it as hot as the patient can bear
for ten or fifteen minutes. The parts should then be gently dried and
warmly wrapped.

=Slippery Elm Poultice.=--Take of slippery elm bark, in powder, half an
ounce, and a sufficient amount of hot water to form a poultice of the
proper consistence. This poultice is valuable in all cases of burns,
scalds, swellings, inflammations, ulcers, painful tumor, abscesses,
and wherever a general soothing emollient poultice is required.

=Yeast Poultice.=--Applicable to sores and indolent ulcers. Made by
taking 5 ounces of yeast and a pound of flour (or in that proportion),
and adding to water at blood heat, so as to form a tolerably stiff
dough; set in a warm place (but not so as to scald) until it begins to
ferment or to "rise," and apply like any poultice.

=MUMPS.=--This disease, which is a contagious epidemic, consists of
inflammation of the salivary or parotid glands, which are situated on
each side of the lower jaw.

SYMPTOMS.--It commences with slight febrile symptoms of a general
character. Very soon there is a redness and swelling at the angle of
the jaw, which gradually extends to the face and neck near to the
glands. These sometimes become so large as to hang down a considerable
distance, like two bags.

They may come on suddenly, or else be preceded by a few days of
general indisposition, which now and then amounts to high fever. A
feeling of stiffness about the jaws is soon followed by swelling,
often very bulky, and more or less tense. The swelling is apt to
extend either at the back of the lower jaw or underneath it. The
swelling contains no fluid; dental pain is absent. Generally first one
side of the jaw is attacked and then the other; it is rare for both
sides to suffer simultaneously. Not uncommonly similar swellings burst
out in other localities of the body, the genital organs being most
liable to seizure.

TREATMENT.--But little medical treatment is required for this disease
when at its height. The patient, from sheer inability to move the jaw,
must live chiefly on slops; and it is well for him to be kept low,
unless very delicate, in which case a little good broth or beef tea
should be given. If there is much pain, the throat should have hot
fomentations applied; and, in very severe cases, two or three leeches.
Mumps is not a dangerous disorder, unless the inflammation should be
turned inwards, in which case it will probably affect the brain or
testicles; or, in the female, the breasts. Should the swellings
suddenly disappear, and thereby aggravate the symptoms of fever, the
following liniment must be applied: Camphorated spirits, 1 oz.;
solution of sub-carbonate of ammonia, 2 drams; tincture of
cantharides,  dram. Mix, and rub in until the swellings re-appear.
Take also, internally, nitrate of potass, 1 dram; tartarised antimony
1 grs. Mix, and divide into six powders, one of which is to be taken
every four hours.

=Camphor for Mumps.=--Camphor is said to have been used successfully to
reduce the after-swelling in mumps; in the case of males holding the
pendant parts in a basin of spirits of camphor, and bathing the
adjacent parts freely with it, continuing or renewing the application
until relief is had. If it occasions smarting more than the patient
can bear, the liquid may be diluted with water.

=CHICKEN POX.=--Chicken-pox is an eruptive disease which affects
children and occasionally adults. It is attended only with slight
constitutional disturbance, and is therefore neither a distressing nor
dangerous affection. The eruption first appears on the body,
afterwards on the neck, the scalp, and lastly on the face. It appears
on the second or third day after the attack, and is succeeded by
vesicles containing a transparent fluid. These begin to dry on the
fifth, sixth or seventh day. This disease may be distinguished from
variola and varioloid by the shortness of the period of invasion, the
mildness of the symptoms and the absence of the deep, funnel-shaped
depression of the vesicles, so noticeable in variola. The main
distinctions between chicken-pox and small-pox are the absence or
extreme mildness of the premonitory fever in the former disease, and
the form and contents of the vesicles; those of the latter eruption
being filled with dark matter, and having, invariably, a depression in
the centre.

TREATMENT.--Ordinarily very little treatment is required. It is best
to use daily an alkaline bath, and as a drink, the tea of
pleurisy-root, catnip or other diaphoretics, to which is added from
half to a spoonful of extract of smartweed, or the patient should be
put upon spare diet; this, and a dose or two of some cooling aperient
as rhubarb or magnesia is generally all that is necessary; but should
the febrile symptoms run high, give a saline draught, as the
following: Carbonate of potash, 1 scruple; citric or tartaric acid, 15
grains; essence of cinnamon,  a dram; syrup of orange peel, 1 dram;
water, 10 ounces. Shake, and drink while sparkling a wineglassful as a
refrigerant. To make it effervescing, add the acid after the draught
is poured out. Give plenty of cooling drink, and, if the bowels are at
all obstinate, emollient injections. Care must be taken that the skin
is not irritated by scratching--as it is, painful and troublesome
sores may be produced--and also that the patient does not take a
chill. If these precautions are observed, little or no danger is to be
apprehended from chicken pox.

=YELLOW FEVER.=--This disease is peculiar to hot climates and is a
species of typhus, which takes its name from one of the symptoms, but
which, however, is not an essential one. It is probably caused by a
vitiated state of the atmosphere arising from decayed vegetable or
animal substances, in hot, sultry weather. It is very contagious and
an epidemic.

_Symptoms._--Costiveness, dull pain in the right side, defect of
appetite, flatulence, perverted tastes, heat in the stomach, giddiness
or pain in the head; dull, watery, yellow eye; dim or imperfect
vision, hoarseness, slight sore throat, and the worst features of
typhus.

TREATMENT.--In this disease, good nursing is indispensable. Let the
patient have perfect rest and quietness, in a well-ventilated room. In
the early stages of the disease, the diet must be confined to
preparations of sago, arrowroot, barley, etc.; but as the disease
advances, give animal broths made of lean meat, thickened with
bread-crumbs, oat-meal, or barley. The strictest attention must be
given to cleanliness, and the linen changed frequently. If the stomach
be very irritable and the vomiting violent, give the following
preparation: Powdered rhubarb, 20 grains; powdered saleratus, 20
grains; powdered peppermint, 1 tea-spoonful; laudanum, 15 drops;
brandy, 1 table spoonful; boiling water, 1 gill. Mix. Sweeten with
loaf-sugar, and give a table-spoonful every hour till the symptoms
change. The bowels must be kept open as in all fevers. For this
purpose use the following: Ginger, 2 ounces; bayberry bark, 4 ounces;
cayenne pepper,  ounce.

Dose, a tea-spoonful in a little milk, with half a tea-spoonful of
powdered rhubarb every hour till it operates freely.

Captain Jonas P. Levy, who has had an extensive experience with yellow
fever, states that he never knew a case of yellow fever terminate
fatally under the following treatment:

Dissolve a table-spoonful of common salt in a wineglass of water; pour
it into a tumbler, and add the juice of a whole lemon and 2
wineglasses of castor oil. An adult to take the whole at one dose.
Then give a hot mustard foot-bath, with a handful of salt in the
water. Wrap the patient in blankets until he perspires freely. Remove
to the bed, and well wrap the patient's feet in the blanket. Afterward
apply mustard plasters to the abdomen, legs, and soles of the feet. If
the headache is very severe, they may be applied to the head and
temples. After the fever has been broken, take 40 grains of quinine
and 40 drops of elixir of vitriol to a quart of water. Give a
wineglassful three times a day. Barley-water, lemonade and ice-water
may be used in moderation.

=CHOLERA MORBUS.=--This is a disease prevalent in warm weather. From the
great amount of bile secreted it is also called bilious cholera.

_Causes._--Excessive heat, sudden atmospheric changes, indigestible
food, unripe fruits. Dampness, wet feet and violent passions will also
cause it.

_Symptoms._--This disease begins with sickness and distress at the
stomach, succeeded by violent gripings, with vomiting of thin, dirty,
yellowish, whitish, or greenish fluid, with discharges from the bowels
similar to that vomited. The nausea and distress continue between the
vomiting and purging, and the pain at times is intense. The pulse is
rapid, soon becoming small and feeble, the tongue dry, the urine
high-colored, and there is much thirst, though no drink can be
retained on the stomach.

TREATMENT.--Apply a large mustard poultice over the stomach and liver.
Give large draughts of warm teas, by which means the stomach will be
cleansed of all its solid contents. Every half-hour give
table-spoonful doses of the compound powder of rhubarb and potassa,
until the vomiting is checked. Warm injections must be given
frequently, and hot bricks applied to the feet, while the whole body
should be swathed in warm flannels. To get up a warmth of the body and
the stomach is, in fact, the most important thing in this disease.
Hot brandy, in which is a dose of cayenne, is excellent to quiet the
vomiting and griping. A few drops of laudanum in the injections may be
given, if the pain is excessive; but generally it is not needed.

Either of the following have been found useful: Bicarbonate of soda,
12 grs.; common salt, 6 grs.; chlorate of potash, 6 grs. Mix and take
in cold water. Or the following: Acetate of lead, 20 grs.; opium, 12
grs. Make into 12 pills and take one every half hour until looseness
ceases.

_Eclectic or Herbal Treatment for Cholera Morbus._--No time must be
lost in treating the severe stages of this disease. Give the patient
copious drinks of whey, warm barley-water, thin water gruel, or weak
chicken broth. Bathe the feet and legs in warm saleratus water, and
apply warm fomentations of hops and vinegar to the bowels. In addition
to those, apply a poultice of well-stewed garden mint, or a poultice
of mustard and strong vinegar will be found of much service. The
vomiting and purging may be stopped by the following: Ground black
pepper, 1 table-spoonful; table salt, 1 table-spoonful; warm water, 
tumblerful; cider vinegar,  tumblerful. Dose, a table-spoonful every
few minutes. Stir and mix each time until the whole is taken.

The evacuations, however, should not be stopped till the patient feels
very weak. Nourishing diet should be taken by the patient. A wineglass
of cold camomile tea once or twice a day would be very beneficial, as
would ten drops of elixir of vitriol three or four times a day, or a
tea made of black or Virginia snake-root. Flannel should be worn next
to the skin, and the warm bath should be frequently resorted to.

=CHOLERA INFANTUM,= otherwise known as the summer complaint of children,
has been by some regarded as belonging exclusively to America. It has
been ascertained, however, that this disease prevailt in Europe, where
it is called by a different name. It usually attacks children under
four years of age, and generally between the months of June and
October.

_Symptoms._--There is at first diarrha and the stools are sometimes
of a watery, colorless consistence; at others they have a
greenish-yellow appearance; the pulse is quick, the head and abdomen
are hot, while the limbs are cold. The child seems to suffer more or
less pain, as indicated by its crying, and frequently screams as if
suffering acutely. The disease often terminates unfavorably and
sometimes within a few hours; again, it continues for several weeks,
and the little sufferer becomes very much emaciated, his eyes sunken,
countenance pale, and yet a recovery is possible.

_Causes._--From the fact that it oftener occurs during the summer
months than at any other time of the year, it may be inferred that the
temperature greatly influences the prevalence of this disease. It more
frequently attacks the poorer classes, or those living in unhealthy
sections, although the children of the wealthy are likewise subject to
it. Teething, change of diet at the time of weaning, and unhealthy,
diluted milk, may be the exciting causes of this disease so common to
children.

Cholera Infantum is more prevalent in our large cities, it being
comparatively unknown in rural districts. Often these little sufferers
are greatly improved by a trip into the country or to the sea-shore.
Pure air and fresh sweet milk, as hygienic and dietetic adjuncts, are
necessary for recovery.

TREATMENT.--The first treatment should be _preventive_. The little
patient should be placed in a well ventilated room. Next, attend to
the diet, and ascertain if the milk be pure and healthy. If the child
nurses, then the mother should properly regard her diet. She should
not eat unripe or stale fruits or vegetables, but her food should be
nutritious and easily digested. She should not overwork, nor heat her
blood, neither should she allow herself to become excited or
irritable. She should occasionally give the child some milk alkali to
obviate undue acidity of the stomach. Scalding the milk, or using a
little lime-water in it, is sometimes beneficial. The following can be
obtained at almost any drug store: Syrup of rhubarb, 2 ounces;
lime-water, 4 drachms (about 4 tea-spoonfuls), and water of
peppermint, 2 drachms. Give of this mixture, to a child one year old,
1 tea-spoonful every hour until it acts on the bowels as a laxative,
which may be known by the changed appearance of the passages. Follow
this with compound extract of smart-weed and cover the bowels with
cloths wet with the same. This treatment I have employed with perfect
success in my own family and also with the same uniformly happy
results in the general practice of medicine.

=Boils=--=To Relieve the Pain of and to Scatter.=--The pain of boils, it
is said, can be relieved very much by frequently applying castor oil
on the parts.

Painting a boil with tincture of iodine, it is also claimed, scatters
them; but I prefer to scatter them by frequently applying a strong
liniment. I have recently scattered two from my own neck in this way.
I used Dr. Chase's golden oil, or strong camphor liniment; I think I
applied it at least fifteen different times in the day, rubbing over
the boil hard and long at each application, which scattered it, and is
doing so again, at this writing, so that I see they are in the system,
and I have therefore made 1 qt. of the lime water (1 oz. stone lime to
1 qt.), and am going to use it, expecting I shall thus cleanse the
blood and eradicate them--the boils from the system or blood. It did
do it, as I have not had any more, or any indications of them, now
over four months, after writing the above.

=Boils, Alterative Syrup for.=--Blue flag and black cohosh root, each 1
oz.; yellow dock root and the bark of the root of bitter-sweet,
Peruvian bark, the bark of the root of sassafras and prickly ash
berries, each  oz.; pyrophosphate of iron, 2 drs.; whiskey,  pt.;
glycerine, 6 ozs.; water, 12 ozs.--DIRECTIONS.--The barks, roots, and
berries are to be coarsely ground, or bruised, then steeped in water
in a covered dish, to leave, when strained, 1 pt.; then add the
glycerine, whiskey and pyrophosphate of iron. Dose.--A teaspoonful 4
times daily, at meals and at bed-time.

_Remarks._--This is not only a valuable alterative in boils, but to
follow the treatment of inflammations, after the acute stages have
been overcome by cooling purgatives, such as salts, seidlitz powder or
cream of tartar, attention to the skin, etc., especially so if there
is a scrofulous tendency, or considerable debility, shown by the loss
of strength, flesh, etc.

=ACCIDENTS, POISONING, Etc.=--=Short Rules for Management.=--Prof. Wilder,
of New York, gives the following short rules to govern the action in
such cases:

I. For dust in the eyes, avoid rubbing, and dash water into them;
remove cinders, etc., with the rounded end of a lead-pencil.

II. Remove insects from the ear by tepid water; never put a hard
instrument into the ear.

III. If any artery is cut, compress above the wound; if a vein is cut,
compress below.

IV. If choked, get upon all fours and cough.

V. For light burns, clip the part in cold water; if the skin is
destroyed, cover with varnish.

VI. Smother a fire with carpets, etc.; water will often spread burning
oil, and increase the danger.

VII. Before passing through smoke take a full breath, and then stoop
low; but if carbonic acid is suspected, then walk erect.

VIII. Suck poisoned wounds, unless your mouth is sore. Enlarge the
wound, or better, cut out the part without delay. Hold the wounded
part as long as can be borne to a hot coal or end of a cigar.

IX. In case of poisoning, excite vomiting by tickling the throat, or
by warm water, or mustard and water, or salt and water, always warm,
if possible.

X. For acid poisons give alkalies.

XI. For opium poisoning give strong coffee and keep moving.

XII. If you fall in water float on the back, with the nose and mouth
projecting. (See falling into the river, etc.)

XIII. For apoplexy raise the head and body; for fainting lay the
person flat.

=Poison Ivy--Poisoning Cured by an Old Fox Hunter.=--The following was
sent to _Forest and Stream_, which explains itself. The writer says:
"I have probably suffered more from poison ivy than any other man.
Three times in one summer I have been blind from its effects. I have
tried every remedy without success, until last summer. I was out
shooting, and, with my usual luck, I got another dose that confined me
to the house. I could not walk. An old fox hunter living in the
neighborhood, hearing of my condition, came to see me, and brought me
a remedy that acted like magic. In 3 days' time I was up and enjoying
what I love better than anything else in this world, the best of all
field sports--fall woodcock shooting. I give you the recipe: Take 1
pt. of the bark of black spotted alder and 1 qt. of water, and boil
down to 1 pt. Wash the poisoned parts a dozen times a day, if
convenient; it will not injure you."

_Remarks._--Perhaps the better plan is to learn that the poison ivy
has its leaves in clusters of three, while the non-poisonous has its
leaves in clusters of five; knowing this, keep clear of the poisonous.

=FALLING INTO DEEP WATER--What to do for Those Who Cannot Swim.=--For
those who may fall into deep water, and cannot swim, it is thought
best that a little fuller instructions ought to be given:

I. When one falls into deep water let it always be remembered that he
will rise to the surface at once; and now is the time to remember,
also, that he must not raise the arms or hands above the water, except
there be something to take hold of; if he does it will sink the head
so low he cannot breathe. But:

II. Any motion of the hands may be made under the water, as you
please, without endangering the life, for if the water is quiet, the
head being thrown a little back, the face will float above the
surface, unless heavy boots or clothing bear one down.

III. And a motion of the legs as if walking up stairs, while it can be
borne, keeping the perpendicular as nearly as possible, will greatly
aid in keeping one afloat until help arrives; and even good swimmers
had better not exhaust themselves, if a boat is coming, only to keep
afloat. (See also drowned persons, rules for resuscitation, etc.)

=Healing Ointment or Black Salve for Inflammations, Wounds, Ulcers,
Burns, Etc.=--Olive oil, 1 lbs.; bees-wax and unsalted butter, each 2
ozs.; white pine pitch, called also white turpentine, 4 ozs.; red
lead,  lb.; honey, 6 ozs.; powdered camphor gum, 4 ozs.
DIRECTIONS.--Put the olive oil into a suitable kettle, place on a
stove, and bring it to a boiling heat (remembering that it takes
nearly three times the heat to boil oil that it does to boil water);
then, the lead being in fine powder, stir it in, as you would make
"mush," and continue the heat and stirring till it becomes a shining
black or deep brown. Remove from the fire, the bees-wax being shaved
finely, stir it in; then the other ingredients, the powdered camphor
last. Spread on a cloth and apply.

=Colds and Inflammation--Health Rules for Winter.=

I. "Never lean with the back upon anything that is cold.

II. "Never begin a journey until the breakfast has been eaten.

III. "Never take warm drinks and then immediately go out in the cold
air.

IV. "Keep the back, especially between the shoulders, well covered;
also the chest well protected.

V. "In sleeping in a cold room, establish the habit of breathing
through the nose, and never with the mouth open.

VI. "Never go to bed with cold or damp feet; always toast them by a
fire 10 or 15 minutes before going to bed.

VII. "Never omit weekly bathing, for, unless the skin is in active
condition, the cold will close the pores and favor congestion or other
diseases.

VIII. "After exercise of any kind, never ride in an open carriage or
near the window of a car for a moment; it is dangerous to health and
even to life.

IX. "When hoarse, speak as little as possible until it is recovered
from, else the voice may be permanently lost or difficulties of the
throat be produced.

X. "Warm the back by a fire, and never continue keeping the back
exposed to heat after it has become comfortably warm; to do otherwise
is debilitating.

XI. "When going from a warm atmosphere into a colder one, keep the
mouth closed so that the air may be warmed by its passage through the
nose ere it reaches the lungs.

XII. "Never stand still in cold weather, especially after having taken
a slight degree of exercise; and always avoid standing on ice or snow,
or where the person is exposed to cold wind; in short, keep your feet
warm, your head cool, and your mouth shut and you will seldom 'catch
cold.'"--_Common Sense._

XIII. To the foregoing rules from "Common Sense" allow the Old Doctor
to make a "baker's dozen" of them, by saying that the most fruitful
seed from which colds, and often consumption, arise is the pernicious
habit of young people loitering at the gate. Never do it.

=BLEEDING=--=A Styptic which will Stop Bleeding of the Largest
Vessels.=--Brandy, or common whiskey, 2 ozs.; castile soap, 2 drs.;
carbonate of potash, 1 dr. DIRECTIONS--Scrape the soap fine and
dissolve it in the spirits; then add the potash; mix well and keep
corked. Warm it and wet pledgets of lint in it and apply to the wound.
It immediately congeals the blood and coagulates it some distance
within the vessel. It may need repeating for deep wounds and when
limbs are cut off.

_Remarks._--I am sorry I cannot give the name of the writer, or the
paper in which this was published, having had it in my scrap-book for
some time; but I am satisfied that it is reliable.

=Roasted Onions=--=As a Poultice to Boils, Inflammation of the Bowels,
etc.=--A poultice of roasted onions applied to boils, tumors, etc.,
hastens suppuration, and are often applied as "drafts" to the feet,
and I have heard, from the old women, of their being applied in
excessive fevers, by mashing or pounding onions and placing them under
the arms and upon the bowels or other parts swollen by extensive
inflammation (to be changed often), and they are very valuable indeed.

=Onions, Their Value as Food.=--Onions contain 25 to 30% (_i.e._, 25 to
30 parts in 100) of solid substance, when dried; while potatoes, even,
do not average 25%; but from some peculiarity of the onion its
nourishing properties more than double those of the potato, and in
some cases nearly treble it; hence its value as food may now be better
understood, and without regard to its peculiar flavor, the onion
should be much more eaten than it is. If health is desirable, eat
onions.

=APPETITE=--=To Increase or Restore.=--Obtain valerian root,  or  lb.
Have it ground coarsely or well bruised. Make a tea of it by steeping
a rounding tablespoonful of the powder in 1 pt. water. Dose--One to 2
tablespoonfuls just before meals, and half to a wineglassful at
bed-time.

_Remarks._--This plant is known as the American Greek-valerian, abcess
root, blue bells (from its blue flowers), sweat root, Jacob's ladder,
etc. The Latin, or technical name is _polemonium reptans_. It grows in
the northern states, and was a great favorite with the Indians, the
tea being given freely in fevers, pleurisy, and to produce copious
perspiration. It is claimed also to cleanse the blood, and to have
cured many cases of consumption.

=PECKHAM'S GENUINE BALSAM=--=For Coughs, Sore Throat, Sore Chest, Kidney
Difficulties, Wounds, etc.=--Rosin, 10 lbs.; spirits of turpentine, 1
gal.; or, rosin, 2 ozs.; turpentine, 2 ozs., is the same proportion.
DIRECTIONS--Melt the rosin in a suitable kettle, or pan, over a stove,
in the day time, so that it shall not be necessary to have a lamp, or
candle near; and when not too hot put in the turpentine gradually. It
must not be made over an open fire, as the gas arising from it as the
turpentine is put in, takes fire very readily, and would quickly fill
a whole room with its blaze, and perhaps fire the house; hence I have
given these necessary precautions. Bottle while moderately hot, else
it will run too slowly. Dose--For a grown person, take from 5 to 10
drops on sugar; children, 1 or 2, to 5 drops, night and morning.

_Remarks._--I obtained this recipe of L. S. Robinson, of Jackson,
Mich., who says he has made and sold thousands of dollars worth of it,
claiming that it is the original Peckham's balsam, and that all
additional articles put in and claimed to be an improvement, should
not be used. With this balsam, Mr. Robinson claims he has made some
remarkable cures in the diseases mentioned, both internal and
external, and mentions the following cases.

I. A mare of his own, being in a strange pasture with some cows, was
badly hooked one night. The wound was long, deep and jagged, upon the
side; but he put some of this balsam into every part of the wound,
then sewed it up, except a little opening at the lowest part of the
wound, to allow the matter in healing to drain off. Then drove home,
30 miles, the same day, and the wound made a very rapid healing.

II. A remarkable case, that of a lady who had had several
miscarriages, and feared another, there being an inflammation of the
parts, and also of the neck of the bladder; but 5 to 8 drop doses,
night and morning, of this balsam, cured both difficulties. The lady,
upon a subsequent trip he was making over that route, showed him the
babe, healthy and well, and herself the same, telling him, "There,
doctor, that is your child, you saved it; nothing else was used."

III. A gentleman who had recently buried a wife from consumption, and
who considered himself past help, with the same disease, when Mr.
Robinson first made his acquaintance. But with this balsam internally,
and Cook's electro-magnetic liniment externally, he was entirely
cured, and is still alive, at this writing, hale and hearty, living
with a second wife, some 30 years after the cure.

=LIQUOR=--=A Cure for the Love of it.=--At a festival at a reformatory
institution recently, a gentleman said, of the cure of the use of
intoxicating liquors: "I overcame the appetite by a recipe given to me
by old Dr. Hatfield, one of those good old physicians who do not have
a percentage from a neighboring druggist. The prescription is simply
an orange every morning a half hour before breakfast. 'Take that,'
said the doctor, 'and you will neither want liquor or medicine.' I
have done so regularly, and find that liquor has become repulsive. The
taste of the orange is in the saliva of my tongue, and it would be as
well to mix water and oil, as rum, with my taste."

_Remarks._--I will add to this, keep away from where it is sold,
taking the orange as directed, and you will be safe. If you go into
saloons, no matter how much you may try to avoid drinking while there,
there will be pretended friends--real enemies--who will urge you to
drink, and even attempt to pull you up to the bar, and try to force it
into your mouth. I speak from knowledge. I once had two young men--I
was then young myself--get a cup of brandy, and one of them behind me
and the other in front, tried to force me to drink it; but I got a
chance to get a foot against a bureau and pushed back enough to get
room tor a kick, and that cup and brandy went, as the saying is,
"higher'n a kite,"--it went to the ceiling,--and then I said, "Boys,
if you don't let me alone, I will kick you, too, but drink I will
not." But I should have had to fight, if the boss for whom we all
worked, had not stepped forward at this juncture, and said "Boys, you
ought to be ashamed of yourselves. You know Chase told us this morning
that he did not drink, and, hence, went and borrowed a rifle, and has
spent all day to get a deer for us to eat; now, let him alone." At
this they gave it up. The occasion being when a saw mill, in which we
worked, had been sold--this was in 1834 or '35--and the giving
possession had to be done with whiskey and a high day. The difficulty
is, people--men or boys--do not say _no_ with sufficient vim. When
enticed to evil, let the _no_ have a ring as though you meant just
what you said; then, unless the enticers are drunk, as they were in
the above case, you will generally have no trouble, especially if you
do not put in your presence at their haunts of vice. In the above
case, it was a boarding-house for the mill, and I had nowhere else to
go. I will only add, if a man does not want to drink, he need not; if
he wants to drink, nothing can save him. He is bound to destruction.
He is, like Ephraim, "joined to his idols,"--you may just as
well--"let him alone."

=TOBACCO CHEWERS' WEAK STOMACH=--=Antidote for=--=Which also Weans one from
its use.=--A writer to the "Household" of the _Blade_, in answer to an
inquirer for such an antidote, says: "I herewith send you my
prescription, which has never failed yet. Take the inner bark of the
root of poplar or whitewood, and when your friend wants a chew of
tobacco let him take a chew of this bark. If he will follow this for 3
weeks, I will guarantee he will not be troubled with a weak stomach or
have any more desire for the filthy weed."

_Remarks._--This being just the thing desired by many, let it have a
fair trial, twice as long as the writer claims to be necessary, rather
than fail. Not being a "chewer," I have not tested it.

=Painful Menstruation and other Pains, Remedy for.=--Dr. King, of
Toledo, thinks very much of the following remedy, not only in painful
menstruation, but also for pain in the stomach or bowels, colic,
cholera-morbus, diarrha, etc. The author has used it in the latter
cases with so much satisfaction that he has faith in its virtues in
the first named: Oil of cloves, cinnamon, anise and peppermint, each
40 drops ({2/3} drs.); put these into 3 ozs. of alcohol, and add
sulphuric ether and laudanum, each 1 oz. Dose--In bad cases, 1
tea-spoonful in cold, sweetened water; repeat in 10 to 20 minutes, if
needed, and at longer intervals as long as needed. For children, in
stomach and bowel difficulties, according to age and severity, from 10
drops to  tea-spoonful, as required to meet all cases.

=Painful Menstruation and Nervous Debility of Females, Stimulating
Tonic for.=--Quinine, 60 grs.; morphine and arsenious acid, each 1 gr.;
strychnine, 1 gr.; alcoholic ext. of aconite (or if this is not on
hand, the same amount of the ex. of hyoscyamus may take its place), 3
grs. of the one used. Mix very thoroughly, and make into 30 pills.
Dose--Take one pill only, every 6 hours, until relieved. Females,
troubled with painful menstruation, should keep them on hand for use,
as soon as the least pain is manifested; but do not take them any
oftener than one once in six hours.

_Remarks._--This pill I obtained from an old physician, whom I have
known over 40 years, and I know him to be in every way reliable. Some
will say: "They contain poisonous articles." So they do, and so do
very many of our best medicines. It depends wholly upon the amounts
taken as to their injurious effects; here we have 2 grs. of quinine, 
gr. of ext. of aconite, 1/20 of a gr. of morphine and arsenious acid,
and 1/30 of a gr. of strychnine, only, in each pill. If they are taken
as directed, as to dose and time--1 pill, 6 hours apart--there is not
the least danger in their use, as these articles are all, sometimes,
given in doses twice as large as here given. It is, indeed, a happy
combination of our most reliable remedies, for cases requiring the
properties named--something to allay pain and strengthen the system.
After the 30 pills have been taken, if not cured before, wait a week,
before having any more made. By that time some of the chinoidine, or
cinchonidia pills, found among the Ague Remedies or the tonic pills
for Debility following Leucorrhea, may be taken with good results.

=Sore Nipples, Breasts, etc.=--=To Avoid and Cure.=--Sore nipples are
sometimes caused by wearing the dress or corsets too tight, but most
generally by neglecting to wash them with cool water, and properly
drying with a soft towel, after every nursing. When there is the least
tendency to soreness of the nipples, dust on a little powdered
magnesia or starch, kept generally as a baby powder, to prevent
soreness in the groins or other folds of the skin. A very little
mutton tallow, or, better still, lamb tallow, which is much softer,
will prevent chafing when applied to any part liable to chafe. But if
they become sore and irritable, make the following:

I. _Bittersweet Ointment._--Bark of the root, with the outside scraped
off a little,  lb.; mutton tallow, or lamb tallow,  lb.; stewed
carefully together; then strain while hot, and box or bottle for use.
Apply a little, after washing and drying the nipples as above, at each
nursing.

II. _Smartweed Ointment._--In places where the bittersweet can not be
obtained, take smartweed and tallow, the same amount, and make the
same way, and use in the same manner as the Bittersweet Ointment.

[The bittersweet makes a most valuable ointment for all healing
purposes, and I know of only one thing at all comparable with it for
similar purposes, and that is an ointment made with Balm of Gilead
buds, same amount, and made the same as the bittersweet. (See also
Tinct. of Balm of Gilead Buds for Cuts, Bruises, Wounds, etc.) But the
smartweed ointment is considered much the best to prevent breasts from
inflaming and going on to suppuration.] So, if there is danger of
this, use the smartweed, if obtainable, or the following:

=Sore Breasts, to Prevent Breaking, etc.=--As soon as there is
inflammation and swelling of the breast, indicating any danger that
suppuration will take place, send to the druggist and obtain fl. ex.
(remember fl. stands for fluid and ex. for extract) of poke root, 4
ozs., and apply to the breasts by wetting cloths with the extract and
keeping upon the breast. Also take internally of the same, in doses of
5 to 10 drops, in a little water, every three hours, until you see
improvement has commenced; then every 4 or 5 hours, lessen the dose to
3 to 8 drops. (A large, fleshy and robust woman, will take the 10
drops; small and feeble ones, the 5 only.) Re-wet the cloths, at least
as often as taken internally.

_Remarks._--This is from Dr. Duncan (referred to in II., for Milk, To
Dry Up), who says of it: "If administered early, it will in 12 hours
begin to give relief, and in 36 hours all traces of inflammation will
have subsided and disappeared." He has used it in a number of cases,
and always with success, when begun as soon as inflammation set in,
and before suppuration began. He thinks it, in such cases, specific
(positive cure).

But if it is seen that the inflammation of the breast will go on, in
any case, to suppuration, poultice with slippery elm, or bread and
milk, as warm as can be borne, till they break without lancing if
possible; but when it comes to lancing, this calls for a physician. So
I will leave the further treatment of that condition to him, simply
remarking that a weak tinct. of myrrh and aloes, or a weakened tinct.
of the muriate of iron, makes good injections into the orifices; if
they do not heal kindly, with some of the healing ointments, as
Bittersweet, Balm of Gilead, etc., which are good to heal any sore on
persons or domestic animals.

=Bed-Wetting and Urinary Diseases of Children, Certain Remedies.=--The
following is from the _Eclectic Medical Journal_, of Cincinnati, O.
The article was furnished by Dr. J. Berger, of El Passo, Kansas. He
says:

I. "I have been using santonine in difficulties of the urinary organs
for a year or more, and it has not failed to have the desired effect
in a single case. I have used it in suppression of urine, incontinence
of urine, and _dysuria_ (see III., below), and also in fevers. When
the urine is scant and deposits a 'brick dust' sediment, it is just
_the_ remedy. In my first case the suppression of the urine was
complete, and resisted all treatment as per books, also the reputed
_apis mel_ (honey bee tea) was tried, and failed. But santonine
thoroughly triturated (rubbed) with sugar, in  gr. doses every 3
hours, established the secretion in 8 hours, and cured the case in 24
hours. I have used it, in two other cases of suppression, with like
results. [Then rub 4 grs. of sugar of milk, if done by a druggist--or,
if done at home, in half a teaspoonful of white sugar--and divide into
8 powders--1 for the dose, as above.]

II. _Enuresis, or Inability to Retain the Urine_--_Bed-Wetting
Proper._--"The second case was a lad of 8 years. His mother called on
me for medicine; said 'Ed.' had worms and would 'wet the bed three or
four times during the night. I gave santonine triturated, in 2 gr.
doses every four hours till six doses were taken. Followed with tonics
of salicine and carbonate of iron in 4 gr. doses, three times a day
for four days. Saw his mother two months after; said 'Ed.' had not
'wet the bed' since taking that medicine.

III. _Dysuria, or Pain and Heat in Passing Urine._--"The third case
was a lady, aged 22 years, troubled with dysuria (pain and heat in
passing urine). She was cured with santonine in 2 gr. doses every
three hours. Continued twelve hours only, triturated as above."

Confirmatory of Dr. Berger's position above upon the use of santonine,
Dr. Scudder, in his "Diseases of Children," page 35, makes the
following remarks: "We think of santonine as a vermifuge only; yet it
has some other desirable properties. One of them is its influence over
the bladder in retention of urine. In some diseases there is sometimes
a tendency to retention which ordinary remedies will not reach, and
which at last proves fatal. Santonine thoroughly triturated with
sugar, in doses from  to 1 gr. every two hours, affords very certain
relief. It is also very effectual in relieving burning, scalding,
etc., in passing urine and the tenesmus (pain in passing of urine),
and other unpleasant sensations of the urinary passages," adding: "I
think santonine is deserving a place among the 'Specific Medicines.'"

IV. _Incontinence of Urine (Bed-Wetting) Remedy for._--Sulphate of
quinine, 7 grs.; tincts. of belladonna and chloride of iron (muriated
tinct. of iron), each  oz.; water,  oz.; mix and shake when used.
Dose--Give 30 drops, 3 times daily, one being at bedtime.

_Remarks._--The above dose is for a child 6 or 7 years; older or
younger in proportion. By the time this amount is taken, generally at
best, there will be no more "wetting the bed."

=BEE AND WASP STINGS=--=Sure Cure for.=--I. _Bees._--Mr. R. L. Aylor, of
Waterloo, Ky., in reporting his success in keeping his bees over the
winter of 1881-2, sends a recipe to the _Bee Journal_, headed "Bees,"
claiming it as his own discovery. It is simple, easily obtained, and
cheap; and if it proves as quick and successful a cure as he claims,
he is the one to have the benefit of "discovery." He gave it in the
following words: "Buy from any drug store a small phial of tincture of
myrrh; as soon as you are stung apply a little to the puncture, when
all pain and swelling ceases instantly. It is also excellent for bites
of spiders and poisonous reptiles."

_Remarks._--Certainly no one would ask it to cure quicker than
"instantly." I trust it shall prove as successful as claimed. If it
does, nothing else could be desired.

II. _Wasp Stings, Quick and Certain Cure._--Cut an onion, scrape and
apply the juicy part to the sting. It quickly relieves, and allays the
irritation almost as quickly.

_Remarks._--A correspondent of the _London Times_ reports the case of
his son, stung in the eyeball by a wasp, and when he reached the
house, "looked like death," etc., which made a great commotion, and
the sal volatile was gotten, but one of the maids used the onion
juice, and the relief was so quick that he got up and went out again
to help the men destroy the nest. I have no doubt the onion juice, or
scraped onion, is as good for bee stings as for the other; but lose no
time in applying it, if a wasp sting, for they are very poisonous.

III. _Handy Remedy for Bites and Stings of Poisonous Animals and
Insects._--A writer in _Holt's Journal of Health_ says: "That for
persons about to travel or to go into the country for the summer, an
ounce phial of spirits of hartshorn should be considered one of the
indispensables, as, in case of being bitten or stung by any poisonous
animal or insect, the immediate and free application of this alkali,
as a wash to the part bitten, gives instant, perfect and permanent
relief, the bite of a mad dog (we believe) not excepted; so will
strong asheswater.

_Remarks._--I should as soon risk the immediate application of the
spirits of hartshorn as any other caustic for a mad dog bite; but it
would not do to put it into the eye--as the onion juice referred to.

=SPRAINS, SWELLINGS, CROUP, ETC.=--=Remedy for.=--Best cider vinegar, 1
pt.; spirits of turpentine,  pt.; beat well, 3 eggs, and mix all.
DIRECTIONS--Apply to the neck in croup, and to sprains or swellings by
saturating (thoroughly wetting) cloths and lay on, or bind on when
necessary. "Cures," says Preacher Jones, "on the 'double quick.' It
cured a woman's swollen arm in 9 days who had had to give up work and
go to begging on account of the swelling."

=TOBACCO=.--=Its Use Frequently Injuring Sight and Memory=.--Dr.
Mackenzie, in his "Opthalmology," a work on the anatomy and diseases
of the eye, expresses his opinion that tobacco is the frequent cause
of _amaurosis_, diminution, or complete loss of sight, and says: "One
of the best proofs of this being the case, is the great improvement in
vision (sometimes complete restoration), which ensues on the use of
that narcotic being abandoned." Tobacco is a powerful narcotic, and
often affects the nerves disastrously. This position of Mackenzie,
says a French writer, is confirmed by M. Michel, who classes the
disease among the two forms of _cerebral_, or brain, _amaurosis_ (loss
or diminution of sight by the condition of the brain), which are but
little known. One of these conditions is seen in heavy drinkers, and
is symptomatic of delirium tremens; but the other, he thinks, is
brought about by the use of tobacco; and he also believes there are
but few persons who have habitually, for a long period, smoked more
than 5 drachms, {5/8} of an ounce, daily, without their sight, and
often their memory, being more or less enfeebled. Then let those who
already realize either of these conditions, or think the prospect good
for their occurrence, abandon the use of tobacco in any form, at once,
and forever, and keep their young folks from its use, if possible.
Fortunate for the author he could never tolerate its use at all; but
one can scarcely see an old man, or even young men, and many boys,
even passing along the street, without a cigar in their mouth, or
gracefully (?) held in their fingers. If its use continues to increase
for the next century as it has for the last decade (10 years passed of
this century) we shall, I greatly fear, be the next thing to a nation
of imbeciles; with much larger per cent. of idiots than at this
writing. A fearful responsibility rests upon parents, and governments.
Certainly no school-boy should be allowed to use tobacco in any form;
but it is law, and vigilant watchfulness of officers appointed for
this purpose, with the same care and watchfulness of parents also that
will ever prevent it, and that not wholly; for it has a fascination
which cannot be accounted for upon any other principle only that of
exhilaration, which is, in fact, the reason why it should never be
used. It over stimulates the nerves, and thereby destroys, or very
much injures them, shortening life, if no more serious catastrophe, as
blindness, loss of memory, paralysis, etc., does not set in before.




=MIDWIFERY.=


=First Signs of Pregnancy.=--The first circumstance to make a woman
suspect that she is pregnant is generally the non-appearance of her
usual monthly discharge.

=Another Symptom.=--The next symptom to attract attention is usually a
feeling of sickness, often most distressing in the early morning, and
sometimes accompanied with vomiting. This commences about the fourth
or fifth week, and continues to the middle of pregnancy, when it
generally ceases. Occasionally it lasts to the end of the pregnancy,
while, on the other hand, in some women it is entirely absent
throughout.

Shortly after pregnancy has commenced, a sensation of weight and
fullness is felt in the breasts. A little later these organs enlarge,
and the nipples become more prominent; the skin, too, just around the
nipples becomes darker in color, an alteration most marked in women of
fair skin and light complexion. Of course these changes are most
noticeable in women who are pregnant for the first time; for when they
have once occurred, the breasts never quite resume their original
appearance, so that subsequent changes are less observable. The
breasts _may_ increase in size, and _may_ even contain milk, without
pregnancy; as, for example, in the case of certain diseases of the
womb.

=Probable Date of Confinement.=--The usual method of reckoning the
probable date of confinement is to learn on what day the last monthly
flow ceased, then to count three months backwards (or nine months
forwards) and add seven days. This is, in practice, the best plan that
has been suggested, and will generally give a date within a very few
days of actual confinement, frequently the very day. The following
example will show how the calculation is made:--A woman, we will say,
was last unwell on March 10; counting three months back from March 10
gives Dec. 10; add seven days and it will give December 17, which is
the probable date of her confinement. If it is not the actual day,
labor will in all probability take place within three or four days
before or after it.

=Action of the Bowels.=--Great care must be exercised to ensure a daily
action of the bowels. An excellent plan is to set apart a certain hour
of the day for attending to this function, whether the desire for
relief be urgent or not. Perhaps the most convenient time for most
people is immediately after breakfast. By following this simple rule,
a habit is established which will go far to obviate the necessity for
aperient medicine. When such medicine is required, it should be of the
simplest possible kind; for example, a compound rhubarb pill, or a
little castor-oil. When constipation is associated with piles, the
aperient chosen should be a tea-spoonful of sulphur in a little milk
every morning, or a similar quantity of the compound liquorice powder
made into a paste by mixing a little water with it; and the patient
should be instructed to make her daily visit to the water-closet
immediately before retiring to bed for the night. By these means the
aching pain which, under such circumstances, is apt to follow every
action of the bowels, may be considerably diminished. Injecting half a
pint of cold water into the bowel, immediately before the bowels are
moved, often proves highly serviceable. Should the piles become
inflamed or unusually painful, the patient must keep her bed for a day
or two, and bathe the parts with warm water from time to time. Where
these measures are required, however, the medical attendant should be
consulted.

=Sore breasts.=--When the breasts become swollen and painful, they
should be frequently fomented with flannels wrung out of hot water,
and, in the meantime, should be supported, as in a sling, by a broad
handkerchief passing under the arm of the affected side and over the
opposite shoulder.

Sometimes the veins of the legs, thighs, and lower part of the body
become swollen and uncomfortable. Under these circumstances, the
patient should lie down as much as possible every day, and at once
discontinue the use of tight garters.

In women who have borne many children, the abdominal walls are apt to
become relaxed, and the pregnant womb, being insufficiently supported,
is then in danger of falling forward, so as not only to produce
deformity, but to prove a hindrance during labor. A flannel binder, or
one of the abdominal belts sold for the purpose, should in these cases
be constantly worn during the daytime.

Now and then the sickness, already alluded to as a common
accompaniment of the early months of pregnancy, becomes so troublesome
and incessant as to cause serious loss of strength. Under such
circumstances consult a physician.

=The Urine.=--Towards the end of pregnancy it is not at all unusual for
there to be some difficulty in passing urine, and for the desire to
pass it to become very frequent. Should these symptoms, however, occur
during the earlier months, and especially during the third and fourth,
a medical man should be consulted; as they may be due to a
displacement of the womb, which requires immediate attention.

Troublesome heartburn, diarrha, palpitation, persistent neuralgia,
salivation, itching or swelling of the external parts, swelling of the
face or ankles, all require prompt attention, and if severe, the
personal care of the medical attendant.

=PROCESS OF NATURAL LABOR.=--=Approach of Labor Pains.=--Towards the
latter part of the ninth month, certain changes take place which give
warning that labor is not far off. One of the earliest of these is
sinking of the abdominal swelling; the upper end of the womb, which at
the beginning of the ninth month, reaches as high as the pit of the
stomach, now falls a little below the point. Great relief to the
breathing follows this alteration, as the pressure upon the organs
within the chest is thereby greatly lessened. On the other hand, owing
to this change in the position of the womb, certain new inconveniences
arise from the pressure of its lower portion on the various important
parts contained in the pelvis. Thus, walking becomes more difficult,
the bladder requires relieving more frequently, and piles are apt to
form.

A sign that makes it probable that labor is actually about to commence
is the appearance of a slight discharge of mucus, streaked with a
little blood. This is spoken of, in the lying-in-room, as the "show."

=Labor Pains.=--The so-called pains of labor are, in reality,
contractions of the muscular wall of the womb. At the early part of
labor they are slight, occur at long intervals, and are felt mostly in
the lower part of the front of the abdomen; as labor advances, they
become longer and more energetic, follow one another more quickly,
though always with a certain regularity, and are generally felt
chiefly in the back and loins. Each pain is comparatively feeble at
its commencement, increases in intensity until it reaches its height,
and then gradually passes off. This character, together with the
regularity of their recurrence, serves to distinguish pains really due
to uterine contraction from colicky and other pains, for which they
are sometimes mistaken.

At the end of each pain the head of the child goes back a little,
which prevents the strain from being so continuous as to be hurtful
and exhausting. Nevertheless, almost every pain marks an advance upon
the one preceding. This slight withdrawal of the head is frequently
perceived by the patient herself, and unless explained to be natural
and necessary, is apt to make her think she is not making any
progress. There eventually comes a point, however, when the head is so
far expelled that it no longer recedes between the pains. The
intervals become shorter, and the pains more severe, until at last the
head slips out altogether, and then the most painful part of the labor
is over. The uterus usually now rests for a moment. Then the face of
the child makes a little turn towards one of the patient's thighs,
generally the right, in order that the shoulders may be brought into
such a position that they may pass with the least difficulty. With
another strong pain the shoulders are expelled. The rest of the body
gives little trouble, for no part of it is as broad as those which
have already passed.

The contractions of the womb now cease for a short time, varying from
five to ten or twenty minutes, when a little pain is again felt, and
the after birth and membranes are discharged, along with a small
quantity of blood, with which a few clots are generally mixed.

Such is a brief account of the order of events in a perfectly natural
labor.

=Duties of a Nurse During Labor.=--If the nurse is not already in the
house, the appearance of the first discharge or "show" is a sufficient
warning that she should be summoned. No time should be lost in obeying
the call, for many women, especially if they have borne children
previously, pass through all the stages of labor very quickly. On
arriving at the house the nurse should make the necessary changes in
her dress, and appear before the patient ready for duty. An
opportunity will soon occur of forming a judgment as to whether the
patient is really in labor, and, if so, how far it has advanced. If
labor has actually commenced, the patient will, before long, cease
speaking, suddenly grasp the nurse's arm, or the back of a chair, or
whatever happens to be at hand, and exhibit other signs of suffering.
The nurse will know, by the characters enumerated on a previous page,
whether this is a genuine labor pain or not, and will observe how long
it lasts and the degree of its severity. When it is over, she should
inquire when the pains began, how often they return, whether the
waters have been discharged, and other similar questions, in order
that she may know what kind of message she is to send to the medical
attendant, who ought at once to be informed that his patient is in
labor.

Let me now suppose that the nurse has made sure that her patient is in
labor, and that she has acquainted the medical attendant.

If the bowels have not been freely opened within the last six hours,
it will be desirable to give a simple enema of soap and water. The
emptying of the lower bowel will facilitate the labor, and will save
both the patient and attendant the annoyance caused by the passing of
fces during a later stage. This having been attended to, the patient
may be allowed to sit up in a chair or walk about the room, according
to her inclination, provided it is clear that the labor has not yet
reached its second stage. If it is night-time, however, it is better
for her to remain in bed, in order that she may, if possible, get a
few moments' sleep between the pains. During the early stage of labor
it is of no use for patients to "hold their breath and bear down"
during each pain, as they are often urged to do by untrained and
inexperienced nurses. It must always be left to the medical attendant
to decide when bearing-down efforts have become desirable and ought to
be encouraged.

It is often a great relief to a patient for the nurse to support her
back with her flat hand during a pain. In the meantime she should see
that all things are in readiness for the actual confinement. The
following are always wanted:--

Basins.
Binder.
Napkins.
Needles and Thread.
Nursery, or safety pins.
Olive-oil.
Pieces of old linen.
Receiver.
Roller-towel.
Scissors.
Sponges.
Thread, or strong worsted, for tying cord.
Towels.
Vaseline, cold cream, or lard.
Water, hot and cold.
Water-proof sheeting.
Puff-box, and complete set of clothes for the baby.

In addition to the above it is advisable to have in the room some good
brandy, a fan, a syringe, a foot-bath, and a nursing-apron.

=The Binder= usually consists of two pieces of stout twilled cotton,
each two yards long and of good width, the edges of which are stitched
together so as to make the binder of double thickness. On an
emergency, a small table-cloth or cotton sheet, suitably folded,
answers the purpose very well.

=The Receiver= should be of flannel made of double thickness, and large
enough to wrap the child thoroughly. The flimsy receivers sometimes
used are only fit to protect a doll. A good thick flannel petticoat,
or a cot-blanket, is as good as anything.

=The Thread or Worsted for Tying the Cord= must be made ready in the
following way: Twelve equal lengths, measuring about a foot, are to be
laid side by side and arranged evenly. Six of these lengths, are then
to be knotted together at a distance of about two inches from each
end, and the remaining six in the same way. Having been thus prepared,
the threads must be laid on a dressing-table, and a pair of good
scissors by the side of them, ready for handing to the medical
attendant at the proper moment.

=The Preparation of the Bed= is a matter of considerable importance, and
ought to be attended to during the early part of labor. Women are
usually delivered lying on the left side, with the knees drawn up
towards the abdomen. The right side of the bed, therefore, is the one
which requires preparing, and that part of it near the foot is
preferable because the upper part of the bed is thus kept clean and
comfortable for the patient when the labor is over, and because of the
help derived from being able to plant the feet firmly against the
bed-post during the pains.

The mattress being uncovered, a large piece of rubber cloth is to be
spread over it, and upon this a sheet folded several times. Next to
this should come the clean under-sheet, on which the patient is to
lie, and upon that another piece of water-proof sheeting, large enough
to reach above the hips. Over this upper rubber, and ready to be
removed with it after the labor is over, are to be then placed a
folded blanket, and, lastly, a folded cotton sheet, both of which
should reach well above the hips, so as to absorb the discharges.

=Food for the Patient.=--In the early part of labor when pains are
slight and the intervals long, there is no reason for interfering
either with the character or regularity of the patient's ordinary
meals, provided there exist the desire for solid food. During the
later stages, however, it is wise to confine her to fluids, such as
beef-tea, gruel, milk, and tea, and to administer them in small
quantities at a time, so as not to overload the stomach and excite
sickness. Patients often ask for a little cold water, and many nurses,
influenced by old traditions, fear to gratify the wish. A sip of pure
water can never do harm, only it must be a "sip" and not a tumblerful,
the patient being assured that small draughts, frequently repeated,
assuage thirst far better than larger quantities. On no account must
stimulants be given, except when expressly ordered by the medical
attendant.

Vomiting is a troublesome symptom and distresses the patient, but its
influence on the progress of the labor is in no way unfavorable.
Should it, however, be excessive, it is well to give a little iced
effervescing water from time to time.

=Cramps during Labor.=--Many patients suffer very severely from cramp
during labor. Relief can frequently be obtained by stretching the limb
straight out, and at the same time bending the ankle so as to put the
muscles of the calf well on the stretch. Gentle rubbing of the
affected part with the hand also affords great comfort.

In the case of patients who have not borne children previously, it is
an excellent plan to diligently foment the perineum from the very
outset of labor, so as to render the skin softer and more yielding,
and lessen the risk of tearing.

=DUTIES OF A NURSE DURING SECOND STAGE OF LABOR:=--=What to do in the
absence of the Medical Attendant=--=Assisting at the Birth=--=Tying the
Cord=--=The Third Stage=--=Application of the Binder,
&c.=--=Convulsions=--=Fainting=--=Falling Forward of the Womb.=--When the
pains alter in character, compelling the patient to make efforts to
bear down, and the face begins to get flushed and the skin to become
moist with perspiration, the nurse may feel pretty well assured that
the first stage is over; and if the medical attendant has not
arrived, she should request him to be summoned without delay. In the
meantime, the patient must be put to bed, and encouraged to bear down
and assist the pains. The binder, napkins, and receiver must be spread
near the fire in readiness.

If the medical attendant be still absent when the head is born, the
nurse must spread the flannel receiver close up to the vaginal
orifice, and receive the head of the child upon her right hand, still
keeping up the gentle pressure upon the stretched perineum until the
shoulders have passed out. Even then the body and legs must be left to
follow of themselves, the nurse meanwhile holding up the parts which
are already born. The upper bed-clothes should be now turned back
sufficiently to allow the child to breathe, without causing any
exposure of the patient herself. If the navel-string is found coiled
around the child's neck, it must be slipped over its head as quickly
as possible, lest the life of the child should be sacrificed owing to
a stoppage in the circulation of the blood through the cord. Very
occasionally it happens that the child is born with the membranes
unbroken; they will in such cases be found drawn tightly over the
little face, and will cause death from suffocation, unless quickly
torn open and the mouth freed. Amongst some people this occurrence is
known as being born with a _veil_ or _caul_.

The cry which a child usually utters as soon as it is born, helps to
fill the lungs with air, and is on that account rather to be
encouraged than checked. If the child does not cry, the nurse must
examine the mouth to ascertain whether there is anything either over
it or within it, preventing the breathing. Sometimes there is some
frothy mucus in the mouth which can be cleared away with the finger.
It is often useful, also, when breathing is delayed to turn the child
on its face, and give it a few gentle slaps on the back with the flat
hand.

The navel-string must not be tied until the breathing is established,
unless it is quite evident that the child is still born. The first
ligature must be tied an inch and a half from the naval, and the knot
must be pulled tightly two or three times so as to squeeze out of the
way the jelly-like material which surrounds the blood vessels of the
cords; otherwise the vessels may not be closed by the ligature, and
bleeding from the stump may occur to a fatal extent while the nurse is
attending to the mother. The second ligature is placed an inch further
from the child than the first one, and the cord is then divided with
scissors mid-way between the two. All this must be done outside of the
bed-clothes, lest some other part than the cord be cut in mistake.

The child, having been now separated, is to be wrapped in the
receiver, with the face alone exposed, and placed out of harm's way on
the other side of the bed. The patient must be warned to lie perfectly
still, and to wait patiently for the one or two insignificant pains
which accompany the expulsion of the after birth. These generally
occur from five to twenty minutes after the birth of the child.
Meanwhile the nurse must provide the medical attendant with a basin or
other vessel, previously warmed before the fire, to receive the after
birth, and one or two warm napkins.

When the placenta and membranes have come away, the hand should again
be placed over the uterus, in order to make sure that it is firm and
well contracted. If, instead of this being the case, it is felt to be
large, soft, and uncontracted, firm pressure should be continued, so
as to excite contraction and prevent flooding, which, in such
circumstances, is greatly to be feared.

Should a gush of blood make its appearance in spite of the pressure,
the hand must still be kept over the uterus and the pressure
increased, cold wet cloths being in the meantime repeatedly applied
with suddenness to the external genitals. Of course, if the medical
attendant has left the house, he must be again summoned at once.

The uterus being firmly contracted, and the flow of blood having
ceased, the thighs and surrounding parts are to be gently sponged with
warm water and dried by means of a soft, warm napkin.

If there has been no flooding, the soiled chemise and night-dress may
now be drawn down, and, along with the folded sheet, blanket, and
upper rubber, removed from beneath the patient, who must not be
permitted to make the slightest effort while this is being done. Then
she may be slowly rolled over on to her back, to allow of the
application of the binder. The binder, well aired, must be rolled up
to half its length, and the roll passed underneath the lower part of
the patient's back. Being caught on the other side, it is then
unrolled, and having been smoothed out free from wrinkles, it is so
applied as to encircle the hips tightly, and the overlapping end is
then secured by means of three or four good safety-pins. All this is
to be done with as little exposure of the patient as possible. The
pillows having been duly replaced, the patient may now be carefully
lifted into her usual position in bed; a fresh warm napkin being
applied against the vulva, and the clean chemise drawn down into its
place.

If, however, there has been any flooding, the patient must still
remain undisturbed for some time after the discharge has ceased, the
nurse from time to time examining the napkins to make sure that there
is no return of the bleeding.

When the medical attendant is present, he will probably prefer to
undertake many of these duties himself; at any rate he, being the
responsible person, will give instructions according to the
requirements of each individual case, which instructions it will be
the nurse's simple duty to obey.

=Convulsions=, coming on during labor, are always alarming, and place
the patient's life in great danger. Should they occur before the
arrival of the medical attendant, no time should be lost in sending
for him. In the meantime all that the nurse can do is to keep her
patient lying flat down; to see that there is no tight clothing about
her head and chest; to prevent biting the tongue by pushing it, if
possible, behind the teeth, and placing a cork or piece of
India-rubber between them; to admit plenty of fresh air into the room;
and, lastly, to restrain the meddlesome interference of bystanders. It
is altogether worse than useless to attempt to force water or
stimulants down the throat while the patient is struggling and
unconscious; and although sprinkling the face with water, rubbing the
hands, and applying smelling salts to the nose, can do no harm, it is
more than doubtful whether they ever produce any benefit. When the fit
is over, should the medical attendant not have arrived, the nurse may
administer a soap-and-water enema with advantage.

=Fainting= during labor should always lead to a suspicion that there is
some loss of blood going on, and the medical attendant ought to be
immediately summoned, even if there is no blood to be seen externally,
for internal bleeding may be going on, notwithstanding. The important
point to remember about fainting is, that the patient is on no account
to be raised up, however much she may desire it. The level posture,
plenty of cool, fresh air, sprinkling a little water on the face, and
firm, steady pressure with the hand over the uterus, comprise all
that is desirable for a nurse to do in the way of treatment. If there
is external hemorrhage, an endeavour must be made to control it in the
manner described later on.

=Management of a newly born child.=--After making the mother
comfortable, the next duty of the nurse is to attend to the washing of
the child. This should be done, if possible, before the medical
attendant leaves the house, in order that he may have an opportunity
of examining the child thoroughly. For the washing, a foot-bath is
required, or a basin at least a foot broad, one foot deep, and two
feet long, so that the whole body, with the exception of the head, may
be placed in the water for a minute or two. The nurse must also be
provided with a piece of soft flannel, some olive-oil, a piece of good
unirritating soap, and, for the dressing, in addition to the clothes,
a needle and thread, some safety-pins, and a piece of linen rag six
inches square, with a hole cut in its centre large enough to admit the
navel-string. Sitting at a convenient distance from the fire, she then
proceeds to unfold the flannel wrapper and anoint the child's skin
with warm olive-oil wherever it is covered with the white greasy
material usually present. This having been done, the child is to be
put into water, the temperature of which should be about 90, and the
head supported on the left hand out of the water. After having rested
there for about two minutes, it is to be taken on the lap and washed
with soap and flannel, the eyes being carefully cleaned first, then
the head, and afterwards the remainder of the body, great pains being
taken to cleanse the little wrinkles at the various joints. After
gently drying the skin with a soft warm towel, it must be well
powdered, and especially those parts near the joints where chafing is
most likely to occur; viz., under the knees and arm-pits, in the
groins, and between the thighs. The piece of flannel used for the
first washing should be burnt.

The skin having now been well washed, dried and powdered, the square
of old linen is to be held near the fire for a minute and slipped over
the remains of the navel-string, which is to be folded in it and
turned upwards upon the child's abdomen, where it is to be retained by
means of the flannel binder until its separation, which usually takes
place about the fourth or fifth day.

Up to the time of this separation, the child must be washed from head
to foot on the nurse's lap, night and morning. Afterwards, when there
is no longer any fear of injuring the navel, the child should be
placed in the water for two minutes during the morning washing, the
evening washing being done on the nurse's lap as before. Whenever a
napkin is removed, the parts protected by it must be well cleansed by
sponging with a little soap and water, and then thoroughly powdered,
so as to prevent the skin becoming sore. This rule holds good even if
the napkin has only been soiled with urine, though it is of course
still more necessary when there has been also an action of the bowels.

It is part of a nurse's duty to wash and dress the child during the
time she stays in the house, and she should, for this purpose, be
provided with a large soft flannel apron, which must be carefully
dried each time it is used.

The child's clothing should be warm without being heavy, and should
fit loosely so as to allow the organs free play, and the blood to flow
unhindered. The body-binder should be of flannel, as it is impossible
to prevent its being soiled with the urine, and flannel, when wetted,
does not chill the skin so much as other materials. None but patent
safety pins should be used about a baby, and even for them it is
better to substitute two or three stitches wherever it is possible.

The medical attendant must always be informed, when he makes his first
after-visit, whether the infant has passed urine and whether the
bowels have acted; also as to any marks or other peculiarities that
may have been noticed. The state of the eyes, too, should be narrowly
watched, and any unhealthy appearance or the least sign of discharge
at once reported.

It is most undesirable to give a newly-born child butter and sugar, or
other similar compound. For the first twelve hours at least, and
indeed for a much longer time, the child will take no harm if left
unfed. The proper course, however, is to apply it to the breast a few
hours after birth--that is, as soon as the mother has recovered a
little from the fatigue of labor. The breasts will probably not fill
with milk for twenty-four or thirty-six hours, or even a little
longer; but there is generally a little thick secretion of creamy
fluid, called _colostrum_, much earlier than this, of which it is good
for the mother to be relieved, and which acts as a gentle laxative
upon the child. The early application of the child to the breast also
helps to form the nipples, and renders the flow of milk easy from the
first; it teaches the child how to suck, a lesson learnt less readily
if it has previously been fed with a spoon; and lastly, it provides
it, in the majority of cases, with all the food it requires during the
first day or two, and obviates the necessity of artificial feeding.

The child should be put to the breast with clock-like regularity.
Until the flow is fairly established, the interval should be four
hours; afterwards, for the first month, an hour and a half or two
hours in the daytime and four hours in the night. In the daytime the
child may be awakened at the feeding-hour; in the night he should on
no account be disturbed out of his sleep. Many infants will sleep
continuously for six hours in the night, and suffer no harm from the
long fast.

If it is important that a child should be fed as often as is here
stated, it is no less important that he should not be fed oftener.
Young infants very soon learn habits of regularity, and, besides,
their stomachs need rest between their meals, just as in our own case,
except that, of course, the intervals required are shorter. Many women
put the child to the breast whenever it cries, forgetting that this is
the only way in which it can express its sense of discomfort, from
whatever cause arising, and that it is likely to be crying because it
is in pain, or because its napkin wants changing, as from hunger.

It is important from the first to apply the child to each breast in
turn.

When the secretion of milk is long delayed, and it becomes
consequently necessary to feed the infant, the proper food is good
cow's milk, boiled, so as to prevent its being a carrier of infection,
then mixed with about an equal quantity of water, and sweetened. Bread
and oatmeal gruel are not fit food for newly-born infants. They
irritate the stomach and bowels and cause griping and flatulence. In
short, during the first month of life no other food than the mother's
milk or diluted cow's milk should be given, except under medical
advice.

When the mother has not enough milk to satisfy the child, nursing may
be combined with hand-feeding, which is generally preferable to
hand-feeding alone. The additional food should consist of good milk,
boiled, diluted with an equal quantity of water, and sweetened. After
the first month the quantity of added water requires to be gradually
lessened.

In case the mother cannot nurse her child, the next best way of
feeding it is to obtain a good, healthy wet-nurse, whose child is not
much older than the one she is to nurse. The medical attendant should
always be consulted in regard to the health and suitability of a
wet-nurse, before she is engaged.

It may be that a wet-nurse cannot be obtained, and then hand-feeding
becomes necessary. For this purpose good milk (from one cow if
possible), boiled, diluted, and sweetened, as already directed, is for
the first few months all the food that is required. Arrowroot,
cornstarch, and bread are all unsuitable at this tender age, and
afford far less nourishment than milk.

Now and then a child is found with whom fresh milk does not agree, the
curdy character of the stools showing that it is only partially
digested. Should a change of dairy not suffice to set matters right,
it will be desirable to try the concentrated Swiss milk, which, though
greatly inferior to fresh milk, is the best of all artificial
substances. Failing success with this, a malted preparation, known as
Mellin's Food for Infants, may be tried, at any rate until the
digestive powers become sufficiently improved to return to milk.

The custom of using feeding-bottles with India-rubber tubes has become
exceedingly prevalent. These tubes are difficult to keep clean, and a
mere drop or two of milk left adhering to the bottle or tube will
often be sufficient to turn the next supply sour. Hence have arisen
flatulence and indigestion, and much sickness and suffering. Another
objection to the use of tubes is, that nurses are tempted to place
children in the cot with the bottle of milk by their side and the tube
in their mouth, a practice which is highly objectionable on several
grounds. It does away with all regularity in feeding, and is very
liable to cause the milk to be turned sour owing to the heat given off
from the child's body. Feeding-bottles without tubes, and fitted with
teats only, have the advantage of requiring to be held in the nurse's
hand, and are on every account to be preferred. There should always be
two, for alternate use, one being kept under water while the other is
in actual use. Immediately after the child has had a meal, the bottle
must be thoroughly washed in warm water.

It is an unnecessary and injurious practice to administer castor-oil
to the newly-born. The first milk (or _colostrum_) from the mother's
breast generally relaxes the bowels sufficiently, and if not, no
aperient should be administered except under the advice of the medical
attendant.




COOKERY DEPARTMENT.


=SOUPS.=--_Remarks and General Directions._--The most nourishing soups
are made of fresh meats: but whatever meat you use should be put in
cold water, well covered, and kept at a low temperature and never
allowed to boil, for at least one hour, after which a bubbling boil
may be allowed. Remembering that the first hard boil hardens the
surface and locks up the juices of the meat which, it is important to
draw out in soup-making. For economy's sake, a knuckle-joint or a
shin-bone is preferable; but there should be sufficient meat attached
to give the required nourishment and flavor of the meat used. However,
after the first hour slow stewing has passed, any cold meats or bits
of fowl which have been left over, may be added, having been cut in
small slices. It is well, also, with fresh meats to cut small, and
bones to be well cracked, or sawed across to allow the marrow and
juice to escape. Vegetables should be cut fine or sliced thin, or
grated upon a coarse grater, as preferred. Salt helps to harden and
lock up the juices, and hence should not be put into soups until the
vegetables are added, about an hour before serving. But soup meats
should be put over the fire as soon after breakfast as possible, so as
to give 4 or 5 hours to its preparation.

=In Cold Weather= soup-plates should be well heated before serving the
soup in them from the covered tureen; and in fact all plates in cold
weather, from which meats or gravies are to be eaten, should be well
warmed before bringing to the table. Soup properly "warmed up," _i.
e._, put on just before dinner-time, so as not to be too long upon the
stove, is equal if not better than the fresh made; and this is
especially so when beans enter into its make.

=Bean Soup.=--As I look upon bean soup as the _best_ of old soups, I
will give a receipt taken from "A Book of the Sea," which, having had
it made several times, I can say can be depended upon. And when I say
it was given by a sailor, the phraseology needs no further
explanation. He says:

"The fact is, that bean soup at sea is such a stand-by that the
sailor-man on shore sometimes gets quite mad when it's offered him,
and still, bean soup is a mighty good thing, and all according to the
way you make it. Now, you get a lot of swells on board, and make 'em
soup, and call it _haricot_ (in England, this name is still used for
beans) and not beans, which is vulgar, and if you know how to turn it
out, they will take three platefuls.

"First, you get a _pint and a half_ of good sound beans--I don't think
there is much difference in beans, whether they are _big_ or
_little_--and pick 'em over and stand them for an hour in a bowl of
cold water. Take three pounds of meat or a shin-bone, and put the beef
in 4 quarts of cold water, and let it boil. Fry an onion and put that
in, with say 6 white cloves and a dozen peppers (the small cayenne
peppers, the same that are used in making pepper sauce), and some
parsley, with a tablespoon of salt. Let it boil for two hours, and you
keep skimming. As fast as the water boils away, you keep adding a
little hot water. When the concern is cooked, take a colendar and
strain your soup through it, mashing up the beans and keeping out the
meat and the bean skin. If you want to be superfine, you can hard boil
an egg, and slice white and yellow through, and put them in the
tureen; likewise some slices of lemon. Bits of toast don't go bad with
it. If you happen to be cruising south, just you use, instead of the
New England bean, the Georgia or South California cow-pea."

_Remarks._--Dr. Chase never had any soup he liked better than this.

=Soup, Tomato=--=Very Nice.=--To canned tomatoes, 1 pt., or 4 large ripe
raw ones, scalded, peeled and sliced, add boiling water 1 qt. and boil
till thoroughly soft, then add cooking soda, 1 tea-spoonful, and stir
well; when done foaming, immediately add sweet milk 1 pt., with salt
and pepper to taste, and 1 tablespoonful of butter; and when it boils
again have 8 or 10 common crackers rolled fine which add, and serve
hot. Some think this equal, or better, even, than oyster soup. As the
girls often say of a new bonnet: "It is just splendid." Try it, by all
means.

=Tomato Soup, with Milk.=--Take nice ripe tomatoes, scald, remove the
skins, and slice up 1 qt., and stew  hour in 1 pt. of water; then
add a level teaspoonful of baking soda, stir till done foaming, and
put in 1 qt. of hot sweet milk; and as soon as it boils again add salt
and pepper to taste; with a bit of butter and a few broken crackers if
you want it richer. A small slice or two of salt pork makes a nice
substitute for the butter. And if you desire a meat flavor, put in
some steak from the soup-jar. It should be made so that the milk
addition is put in just as you are ready to serve it. This is often
called economical or mock-oyster soup.

=Potato Soup.=--Thinly slice enough potatoes to make 1 pt., with 1 to 4
small onions (to obtain a little or more flavor, as you prefer) and
boil in 1 qt. of water until perfectly tender; add 1 pt. of rich milk,
and season with salt and pepper to taste. Serve hot. The potatoes and
onions may be skimmed and rubbed smooth through a colander, if your
like.

=Milk Soup.=--Same as the last without the onions, using 1 pt. of water
to boil the potatoes in, then add 1 qt. of milk instead of 1 pt.;
simply using half as much water and twice as much milk. Use with
either crackers or not, as you choose.

=Chicken Soup, Delicious.=--Take 1 chicken, 4 qts. of water, 1
tablespoonful of rice, an onion, potato and turnip, 1 of each,  cup
of tomatoes, 2 stalks of celery, pepper and salt. DIRECTIONS--Joint
the chicken and boil very tender; pour through a colander and return
the soup to the kettle, adding the rice, which has been soaking; chop
the potato, onion and turnip and add  an hour after. Cut the celery
in dice and add 20 minutes before serving; the tomato and seasoning
last. If well done it will be very delicious; with milk or cream more
so, if  pt. of either are put in just in time to get hot when ready
to season.

=2. Chicken, Cream Soup.=--The best way to get the virtue out of an old,
tough chicken is to properly dress and joint it, then boil it with 1
onion in 4 qts. of water till only 2 remain. Take it out and cut off
the breast, chopping in fine with the yolks of 2 hard-boiled eggs,
returning to the soup and simmering a few minutes more, then adding 1
cup of heated cream, or  pt. of rich milk, boiling hot, seasoning to
taste and serving hot from a covered tureen.

=3. Soup, Chicken Currie, as Made in India.=--A pair of nicely dressed
chickens, butter, currie powder, flour, salt and Cayenne pepper and
some rice, to be nicely boiled by itself. DIRECTIONS--Boil the
chickens carefully, keeping always covered with water, till perfectly
tender, removing scum and oily fat as it rises; then bone them and
have a skillet ready for frying the meat in enough hot butter, first
dredging the meat with flour before laying in hot butter; brown
nicely, keeping hot. Take 1 pt. of the chicken broth, which is to be
kept hot, and stir in 1 table-spoonful of flour, 2 of butter, 1
tea-spoonful of salt, and a little Cayenne pepper and 2
table-spoonfuls of currie powder, and, when all is well mixed in, add
this to the balance of the hot soup in the kettle and simmer a few
minutes, then add the hot browned meat and serve hot, and with the hot
boiled rice.

=Soup, Celery, Rich and Creamy.=--A shank of beef, 1 large bunch of
celery or two small ones, and rich cream, 1 cup; a little flour.
DIRECTIONS--Make a rich broth of the shank, always putting into cold
water, skimming off all the fat as it rises; when ready take up the
meat and thicken the broth with a spoon or two of flour, first rubbed
in a little cold water; have the celery cut fine and boil it in the
soup till tender; then add the cream, salt and pepper to taste, and
serve at once.

=Barley-Soup.=--Take a 2 or 3 lb. shin of beef, well broken, pearl
barley,  lb.; 2 small onions, sliced; 2 small carrots, chopped; salt
and pepper. DIRECTIONS--Put all into a soup kettle, cover nicely with
cold water and heat up slowly for an hour, then continue 3 or 4 hours
of more brisk boiling; and if you have celery, a stalk or two, cut and
put in 15 or 20 minutes before serving, improves the flour very much.
The old plan of simply putting in a little barley requires a fife and
drum to call the very much scattered nourishing properties together.

=Macaroni (Italian) Soup.=--To 2 qts. of boiling beef-broth, or soup
(made as for the carrot beef soup, above, without the vegetables), add
6 or 7 sticks of macaroni and allow it to cook  or  of an hour;
then, just when ready to serve, grate in  lb. of nice cheese. (The
macaroni should be broken up and soaked in water a couple of hours
before cooking with the broth.)

=Beef Soup.=--A knuckle-joint or shin-bone, having sufficient meat
attached for a family of 5 or 6 persons; six medium-sized potatoes, 3
or 4 small onions,  of a small head of cabbage, salt and pepper.
DIRECTIONS--If a joint it should be cut through by the butcher; and
if a shin, it should be sawed 1 or 2 times across to allow the escape
of the marrow and juices. Put this into sufficient cold water and
place upon the stove as early as practicable to allow it to be pretty
thoroughly done an hour before dinner, at which time the cabbage,
having been finely chopped, should be put in. The potatoes and onions,
having been properly prepared, should now be chopped finely together
added to the soup, with the salt and pepper to taste. Some persons are
fond of adding a few bits of red pepper to their soups; but if much is
put in children usually dislike it. If used, it should be put in with
the vegetables.

_Remarks._--A well-made soup is very healthful, and they ought to be
made much oftener than they are in most families.

=Scotch Broth (Soup).=--Take 2 lbs. of the scraggy part of the neck of
mutton. Cut the meat from the bone, removing all the fat; cut the meat
into small pieces, and put into a soup pot with a large slice of a
turnip, 2 small carrots, 1 onion, 1 stalk of celery, all sliced, and a
cup of pearled barley, water, 3 pts. to 2 qts., and boil gently 2
hours. On the bones put 1 qt. water and boil gently the same length of
time; then drain this into the soup. Cook 1 spoonful each of flour and
butter together until perfectly smooth, then stir this into the soup
with a spoonful of chopped parsley, season with salt and pepper and
serve at once.

=Mock-Turtle or Make-Believe Terrapin Soup, from Bob, the Sea Cook.=--He
says: "Of course, it's a sham, for there ain't nothing in this world
that can take the shine out of a real terrapin (turtle); still, if you
ain't got none of these nice creeturs, you can manage to make shift
with a calf's head. You don't want the whole head of a calf, but boil
it just the same, but don't sluice it with all the water in the
reservoir, only enough to cover it, and in that water put a couple of
onions and salt and pepper. When boiled tender, take, say, half the
meat, then half the tongue and a table-spoonful of the brains. Cut it
up, but not too fine. Put into a frying-pan a  lb. of the best
butter, and bring it up to a light brown, mixing in a very little
sifted flour when it is off the fire, and a little cayenne pepper, and
just a touch of sweet marjoram. If you put herbs into hot, boiling
butter it makes a bitter taste. Then stir the sauce with a little of
the water the calf's head was boiled in. Then put in your chopped-up
calf's head. Place it on the fire again--not to cook but to get hot
only--and last of all pour in 2 wine-glassfuls of Madeira, but if you
have not that let it be sherry. Though it ain't terrapin, it's good
all the same."

=Split Pea Soup.=--Make a broth of some water that corned beef or salt
pork has been boiled in, and some beef bones. Do not let it be too
salt; in that case use half water. Put 1 qt. of the split peas in
enough of the water to cover them; when they have stewed soft, mash
them through a colander, and then mix with them 2 qts. of the broth in
which the bones have been boiling; add 1 onion, and 1 turnip, chopped
up, and 1 carrot, grated. Just before serving put small pieces of
toast in the soup.--_Peterson's Ladies' Magazine._

=Green Pea Soup, American.=--Take lean, fresh beef, 2 lbs.; green,
shelled peas, 2 qts.; water, 2 qts. DIRECTIONS--Boil the pods in the
water  an hour, then skim them out and put in the meat and simmer
slowly till half an hour before serving, adding boiling water to make
up for evaporation; then add the shelled peas, and when tender,
thicken with a little flour or corn starch, and season with chopped
parsley, if you can get it; salt and pepper just before serving.

=FISH.=--Fish when fresh are hard when pressed by the finger--the gills
red--the eyes full. If the flesh is flabby and the eyes sunken, the
fish are stale. They should be thoroughly cleaned, washed, and
sprinkled with salt.

Before broiling fish, rub the gridiron with a piece of fat, to prevent
it sticking. Lay the skin side down first.

The earthy taste often found in fresh-water fish can be removed by
soaking in salt and water.

Most kinds of salt fish should be soaked in cold water for 24
hours--the fleshy side turned down in the water.

=Baked Fish.=--Stuff it with plain dressing; put in a pan with a little
water; salt, pepper, and butter. Baste while baking. A fish weighing
four pounds will bake in an hour. Garnish with hard-boiled eggs and
parsley, and serve with drawn butter or egg sauce.

=To Boil Fish.=--Sew them in a cloth, and put in cold water, with plenty
of salt. Most fish will boil in 30 minutes.

=Pickling Fish.=--Spice the vinegar as for cucumber; put your fish in
and let them boil slowly for a few minutes, until done, without
breaking; then set them away for several weeks, and the bones will be
entirely destroyed.

=Stewed Oysters.=--Put the juice into a saucepan and let it simmer,
skimming it carefully; then rub the yolks of three hard boiled eggs
and one large spoonful of flour well together and stir into the juice.
Cut in small pieces, quarter of a pound of butter, half a teaspoonful
of whole allspice, a little salt, a little cayenne, and the juice of a
fresh lemon; let all simmer ten minutes, and just before dishing add
the oysters. This is for two quarts of oysters.

=Broiled Oysters.=--Drain select oysters in a colander. Dip them one by
one into melted butter to prevent sticking to the gridiron, and place
them on a wire gridiron. Broil over a clear fire. When nicely browned
on both sides, season with salt, pepper, and plenty of butter, and lay
them on hot buttered toast, moistened with a little hot water. Serve
very hot or they will not be nice. Oysters cooked in this way and
served on broiled beefsteak are nice.

=Fried Oysters.=--Drain the oysters, and cover well with finest of
cracker crumbs, seasoned with salt and pepper. Let them stand half an
hour, then dip and roll again in the meal; fry brown in a good
quantity of lard and butter.

=Oyster Stew, Fried and Escaloped, According to Delmonico.=--Oysters
sufficient, and their liquor; rolled crackers, salt, pepper, and milk.
DIRECTIONS--Put the liquor in a stew-pan (a teacupful for 3), and add
half as much water, salt, a good bit of pepper, and a teaspoonful of
rolled cracker to each person. Put on the stove and bring to a boil.
Have your oysters in a bowl, and the moment the liquor boils pour in
all your oysters, say 10 to each person, or six will do. Watch
carefully, and as it boils, take out your watch, or count 30, and take
your oysters from the stove. Have a big dish ready with 1
tablespoonfuls of milk for each person. Pour the stew upon this milk
and serve immediately. Never boil oysters in milk if you wish them
good.

=Oysters, To Fry.=--Oysters sufficient, nice light crackers, eggs, salt,
pepper and cornmeal. DIRECTIONS--Roll the crackers, and mix a little
salt and pepper into them; beat the eggs; then first dip the drained
oysters into the cracker crumbs, then into the eggs, and then into the
cornmeal, having sufficient butter pretty hot in a frying-pan, put
them in as quickly as you can; then as soon as the first side is
nicely browned, turn them carefully, and serve hot. If any of the
cracker and egg is left, mix them together, fry, and serve with the
oysters. Parsley is a nice relish with them.

=Oysters, Escaloped.=--Oysters, nice crackers, salt and pepper (and, if
you desire, a little pulverized mace and cloves), butter, milk with
the cream stirred in, else a beaten egg or two may supply the place of
the cream. DIRECTIONS--Roll or pound the crackers finely; apply butter
freely to the bottom of the pan in which they are to be baked; then
cover it well with oysters and sprinkle them with salt and whatever
seasoning you use; then a good layer of crackers, over which put
pretty freely small pieces of butter, and wet slightly with the juice
of the oysters, which has been mixed with the milk and cream, or egg.
So fill the dish, the last layer being cracker, and double the
thickness of the others, upon which put more butter and sufficient of
the wetting mixture to well moisten. If the dish is deep it will
require about 40 minutes to bake sufficiently; and if the dish is
covered while baking remove it a few minutes before done to allow the
top to be nicely browned.--_"S.E.N." in Country Gentleman._

=Chicken Oyster Pie.=--Cut the chicken in suitable pieces for fricassee,
and prepare it as for that dish. Line a deep dish with a rich crust,
and put in a layer of chicken with its gravy, and a layer of raw
oysters; sprinkle the latter with salt, pepper and bits of butter.
Proceed thus till the dish is full, and cover with a crust of pastry.
Bake from {1/3} to  of an hour. Serve with gravy, made with equal
parts of chicken gravy and the oyster juice, thickened with flour and
seasoned with salt and pepper.

=Oyster Flitters.=--Drain the liquor from the oysters, and to 1
teacupful add the same quantity of milk, 3 eggs, pinch of salt, and
flour enough for a thin batter. Chop the oysters and stir them in the
batter, and fry in half butter and lard rather hot, and send quickly
to table.

=Oyster Omelet.=--Twelve large oysters, 6 eggs, 1 cup of milk, 1
teaspoonful of butter, salt and pepper, and parsley, if agreeable;
chop the oysters. Beat the whites and yolks of the eggs separately, as
for cake. Heat 3 tablespoonfuls of butter, pour the milk, yolks of
eggs, oysters and seasoning in a dish and mix, and add the whites of
eggs, and 1 spoonful of melted butter, with as little stirring as
possible, then cook to an appetizing brown, turning the omelet
carefully.

=Broiled Oysters.=--Drain and wipe the oysters and dip them in melted
butter; then broil them on an oiled griddle over a moderate fire.
Season to taste.

=MEATS.=--=Selection of Meats.=--In selecting beef, choose that of a fine,
smooth grain, of a bright red color and white fat.

The sixth, seventh and eighth ribs are the choicest cuts for a roast.
Have the bones removed and the meat rolled, but have the butcher send
the bones for soup.

The flesh of good veal is firm and dry, and the joints stiff.

The flesh of good mutton or lamb is a bright red with the fat firm and
white.

If the meat of pork is young, the lean will break on being pinched;
the fat will be white, soft and pulpy.

=Curing, Smoking, Keeping, etc.=--=Curing Hams, Smoking, Etc., as Done in
Pennsylvania.=--=Good for all Places and Kinds of Meat.=--The following
is the plan pursued in Pennsylvania, where it is well known that they
have the very nicest hams:

After the hams are neatly trimmed, lay them upon slanting boards, to
carry off the dripping brine, and rub well with pure fine salt,
working it into every part; then let them lay 48 hours. Then brush off
the salt with a dry cloth or brush-broom, and have ready a mixture of
powdered saltpetre, 1 teaspoon; brown sugar, 1 dessertspoon, or a
small tablespoon, of red pepper; use 1 teaspoonful of the mixture for
each ham or shoulder, and rub well into the fleshy parts; then pack in
a tub or barrel, skin-side down always; put also a good sprinkling of
nice, pure salt on the bottom, and between each layer, as packed. Let
them stand thus 5 days; then cover with pickle made as follows:

To each pail of water required put 4 lbs. of pure, coarse salt,
saltpetre,  to 1 ozs., and brown sugar,  to 1 lbs. The pickle
should be made beforehand, so as to remove all skum arising, and to be
cold when poured on. According to the size of the hams, let them lay
5, 6 or 7 weeks.

=For Beef=, 10 to 15 days only, according to size of pieces, in the same
strength of pickle, and same treatment. Hang up a few days to dry
nicely before smoking.

=Hints in Cooking meats.=--=Boiled Meats.=--For cooking they should always
be put into boiling water, which sets or closes the pores and keeps in
the juices; after which slow boiling until tender. And if corned
boiled beef, to be eaten cold, is left to stand in its water over
night, it will be sweeter and more juicy.

=For Roasting Meats and Poultry=, a hot oven, the door to stand a little
open, covering the meat well with drippings or butter before putting
into the oven, which keeps the surface moist and also helps to retain
the juice of the meat.

=Veal Oysters.=--Mrs. W.--Cut veal in pieces about the size of an oyster
(uncooked veal), cut pieces both ways across top (to make them
tender), dip in egg, then in cracker crumbs and fry in butter.

=Lamb With Tomato Sauce.=--Mrs. S.--Take lamb steak, (pound to make
tender), dip it in egg, then in cracker crumbs and fry it; cook
tomatoes and strain them, season with salt and pepper; put spoonful on
each piece of lamb after it is cooked.

=Roast Beef.=--The sirloin and rib pieces are best for roasting. Place
roast in dripping pan with about 1 cup of boiling water poured over
the roast as you place it in the oven, baste often with a little salt
and water at first, then with the drippings in the pan as the meat
cooks. Allow 15 or 20 minutes to a pound for cooking, sprinkle over
with salt and pepper. For gravy: take out the meat, pour off some of
the grease, and to that left in the pan add a little boiling water;
set pan on top of stove, and add to this sufficient flour (mixed with
a little cold water) to thicken it about like good cream; let come to
a boil and pour in gravy dish.

Dry bread can be used with meats by breaking it up in a dish, covering
it with cold water, when soft add an egg, salt and pepper (little
chopped onion or parsley, if you like), mix with it some of the
drippings from the meat; when the meat is partly done, place this in
the pan next the meat; baste with the drippings from the meat once or
more, and let it bake. Serve with the meat.

=Leg of Mutton or Lamb.=--Cook as roast beef.

=Stewed Veal.=--Put a good stewing piece in a kettle, pour over it
enough boiling water to cook it; boil slowly several hours. When it
becomes tender, add salt and pepper, and if a lean piece of meat, add
some butter; cover closely while cooking. When perfectly tender take
off cover from kettle, and pour the water out, put in little butter,
and turn the veal often in the kettle to brown it on all sides. This
is as good as chicken.

=Veal Loaf.=--Mrs. P.--3 lbs. chopped veal,  lb. chopped pork, 2 eggs
beaten thoroughly, about 8 crackers rolled and added, salt and pepper;
make this in 2 rolls, roll in cracker crumbs and bake about 2 hours.

=Beef Loaf.=--Mrs. P.--3 lbs. chopped beef (let your butcher chop it), 1
egg, 2 table spoons salt, 1 teaspoon pepper, 8 table-spoons rolled
crackers, {2/3} cup sweet milk; mix thoroughly, bake in small dripping
pan in one loaf. When cold cut with a sharp knife.

=Potted Beef.=--Miss H.--Boil a beef shank until tender, in just water
enough to cover it, remove bone and gristle, chop the meat fine and
replace in kettle, with the liquor the meat was cooked in, which would
be about 1 qt. Let it simmer gently, season with salt pepper to taste.
When cool, cut in slices for tea or lunch, seasoned high and packed in
a stone jar in a cool place it will keep a long time.

=Beef a la Mode.=--Mrs. H.--Take a round of beef, about 10 lbs., tie it
up with a string, round,  tablespoon pepper, 1 of salt, 1 of cloves,
2 of sugar; rub this on the meat the night before using;  loaf of
stale bread,  lb. sausage, 1 onion chopped fine, two tablespoons
sweet herbs, 1 of cloves, 1 of salt,  of pepper, 2 eggs, mince these
ingredients together; make holes in the meat, fill them with the
dressing. Lay skewers in the bottom of pot, then lay beef on them, put
in 1 qt. of water, stick 1 onion full of cloves, put in the kettle,
cover tight and boil 4 hours, add 1 pt. of wine; turn over and boil
one hour longer. Thicken the gravy and pour on the meat before sending
to the table.

=Ham Cakes.=--Take the odds and ends of boiled ham, chop fine, add eggs
and a little flour, mix and make in flat cakes and fry in a little
butter until brown.

=Boiled Beef Tongue.=--If corned, soak overnight in cold water, in
morning place in cold water in kettle, cover and boil slowly until
tender, add pepper.

=Beefsteak with Onions.=--1 lb. chopped raw beef, 1 chopped onion,
pepper and salt, little butter, make into little balls, flatten these;
fry in spider with butter, turn and brown both sides.

=Beefsteak Broiled.=--Sirloin or porter house steak, cut at least  inch
thick, and hacked or pounded well on both sides; lay on buttered
gridiron over a good fire of coals, turning often as it begins to
drip. It should cook in about 10 or 12 minutes. When cooked sprinkle
salt and pepper on both sides and place on hot platter; pour over this
a little melted butter and _serve while hot_.

=HOW TO CHOOSE POULTRY.=--Young, plump, and well fed, but not too fat,
poultry are the best. The skin should be fine grained, clear and
white; the breast full, fleshed and broad; the legs smooth. The birds
must be heavy in proportion to their size. As regards ducks and geese,
their breasts must also be plump; the feet flexible and yellow. For
boiling, white-legged poultry must be chosen, because, when dressed,
their appearance is by far the more delicate. But darker-legged ones
are juicy and of a better flavour when roasted. The greatest
precaution ought to be taken to prevent poultry from getting at all
tainted before it is cooked. It should be killed and dressed from
eight to ten hours before cooking. Pigeons are far better for being
cooked the day they are killed, as they lose their flavour by hanging.
Care must be taken to cook poultry thoroughly, for nothing is more
revolting to the palate than under-done poultry.

=FOWLS.=--=Chicken Pie.=--Cut up 2 tender chickens, cover with boiling
water and cook until tender, covering closely; as water boils away add
more, enough to make liquor for pie, and gravy to serve with it.
Grease and trim the sides of a 4 qt. baking dish (or pan) with good
rich baking powder biscuit dough nearly half an inch thick; put in a
few pieces of chicken, season with salt, pepper, and butter some bits
or squares of dough, then more chicken, etc. Season also the liquor in
which chicken was boiled, put in enough to make quite moist, cover
with crust same thickness as above, cutting a hole the size of a
silver dollar, in centre of crust; through this more of the liquor can
be added as the pie is baking, that it may have plenty of moisture.
Bake 1 hour in a moderate oven. For gravy, add to the liquor left, 1
tablespoon butter rubbed with a little flour, seasoned with salt and
pepper, stirring in little by little; let boil up once and serve. Meat
pie, especially veal pie, is delicious made in this way.

=Roast Turkey.=--Singe by holding over burning paper on top of stove,
wash the inside thoroughly with water in which 1 teaspoon soda has
been dissolved, then rinse in clear water rubbing outside and in, and
wipe dry; rub well inside and out with salt and pepper; make a
dressing of dry bread crumbs, butter, pepper, salt, thyme, sweet
marjoram, sage, or the grated yellow peel of a lemon, add, if you
like, 1 egg. Pour a little warm water and milk over the bread crumbs,
enough to soften; mix in the other ingredients. A few oysters chopped
into the dressing improves it, also a little of the oyster liquor.
Stuff the breast of turkey first and sew up; then fill body--not too
full--and sew together. Hold the wings and legs close to body with
cord tied round, rub salt and pepper under them, fasten over wings and
legs thin slices of salt pork. Place in dripping pan a cup of hot
water, and some skewers to prevent burning; put turkey on these,
sprinkle over it a little more salt and pepper. Dip up the juices from
pan over the turkey often, and if necessary, add more boiling water.
When partly cooked sprinkle with flour; turn often to brown on all
sides. Roast from 1 to 3 hours until easily pierced with a fork, and a
nice brown. If browning too fast, put a greased paper over. Cut in
pieces gizzard, liver, and heart, stew in basin until tender, chop
fine, add this with water in which they were cooked. To the liquor
left in dripping pan when turkey is taken up, stir in 1 spoonful flour
wet up with cold water, let boil up and pour into gravy boat. Be sure
to remove strings from turkey before serving. Chicken or duck may be
roasted in this way. Cranberry sauce is a nice accompaniment for
turkey, crab-apple jelly or tomato sauce for chicken, and currant or
grape jelly for duck.

=To Carve a Turkey.=--Place your turkey on its back, then insert the
fork astride the breast bone. Place the knife cross-wise 1 inch from
the wing towards the fork, cut, then pry out and the wing will be
unjointed. Place knife cross-wise on either side of the leg, cut down,
place the point of your knife at the knee-joint, press out and the leg
is unjointed at the hip. With the handle of your knife toward the
neck, and the point toward the leg, slice four or more slices from the
breast. Carve the opposite side of the body in the same manner. Place
your knife cross-wise in front and close to the breast bone, cut down,
and the wish bone is unjointed. Then place the knife, with the handle
toward the neck in the breast, press down toward the leg, and pry out,
this will leave the clavicle unjointed. Turn the turkey over and with
a slight cut separate the breast bones from the back, and lay them off
on another plate. The fork is still remaining in the breast where it
was first put. Enter the knife at the tail and cut forward, parallel
with the back-bone, leaving the latter bone in its place, pry out and
the bones are off.

=SALADS.=--=Chicken Salad.=--Mrs. H.--Boil 3 chickens until tender, salt
and pepper to taste. When cold cut in small pieces (do not chop), and
add twice as much celery as you have chicken. Pour over this and mix
through it salad dressing, made from salad dressing recipe No. 1 or
No. 2. This will be sufficient for 15 or 20 persons. If you choose you
can use part of the celery only, using as much chopped white cabbage
as celery.

=Ham Salad=.--Miss H.--1 pt. boiled ham chopped fine, same of chopped
cabbage, 2 eggs boiled hard, 1 tablespoon mustard, season with salt,
pepper, and extract of celery (or celery seed, or fresh celery cut
up), mix with a little vinegar, garnish with celery and hard boiled
eggs sliced.

=Sweet Cream Dressing for Lettuce.=--Mrs. P.--Take 2 or 3 teaspoons
sugar, little salt, plenty of black pepper, mustard, mix, then add
sweet cream and a little vinegar.

=Delia's Salad Dressing, No. 1= (Excellent).--Rub smooth the yolk of 1
hard boiled egg, beat the yolk of 2 raw eggs and add to the other,
drop in this a small bottle of olive oil, a drop at a time, beating
constantly (to prevent its separating), 2 salt-spoons salt, mustard
and Cayenne pepper to taste, vinegar, a few drops at a time, and a
little lemon juice, little sugar; beat it thoroughly and put in a cold
place to thicken. It should be about as thick as good rich cream. This
dressing will keep for weeks in a cool place.

=Salad Dressing, No. 2.=--Mrs. F.--Put on the stove to cook {2/3} of a
cup of thick cream, when nearly boiling add the yolks of 2 well beaten
eggs, cook slowly and stir constantly, add a teaspoon of mustard,
little salt, little sugar, and Cayenne pepper. Put in a little butter
if the cream is not rich, lastly, add vinegar, little by little,
enough to make a smooth, creamy mass. This is a good dressing for
lettuce, cabbage or chicken salad.

=Cabbage Salad Dressing.=--Mrs. W.--2 eggs beaten together, butter size
of half an egg, 2 tablespoons sugar, 1 coffee-cup vinegar,  teaspoon
mustard,  teaspoon salt, little pepper; cook all together and pour
over cabbage while hot. Cut the cabbage fine.

=Tomato Salad.=--Put nice fresh lettuce around a platter, slice red
tomatoes on this, and pour over it one of the above salad dressings.

=Potato Salad.=--Mrs. H.--Chop 6 cold boiled potatoes, not too fine,
half as much celery,  an onion chopped very fine, (a small quantity
of meat if you like), mix with this some of the Durkee salad dressing
or one of the salad dressings given in the foregoing recipes.

=Shrimp Salad.=--Pour cold water over the shrimps as you take them from
the can, dry them with an old napkin, place crisp lettuce leaves upon
a platter, break up in small pieces a little lettuce and mix with the
shrimps, and place on the platter, pour over this some salad dressing,
either salad dressing No. 1 or No. 2.

=Lobster Salad.=--Pick up the meat carefully, you can mix with it crisp
lettuce leaves broken fine, and mix thoroughly with it a salad
dressing, No. 1 or No. 2.

=VEGETABLES.=--=Potato Puff.=--2 cups cold mashed potatoes, stir into it 2
tablespoons melted butter, beat this to a cream and add 2 well beaten
eggs, 1 cup of cream or milk, salt and pepper to taste, beat well,
pour into deep dish and bake in hot oven until brown.

=Cream Potatoes.=-- pt. milk, butter size of small egg, pepper and
little salt, thicken with a table-spoon of flour (mixed smooth in cold
water), let milk boil, put in the flour and seasoning, stir well and
cook until thick like cream; pour over boiled potatoes, after placing
them in a dish.

=Cream Potatoes, No. 2.=--Prepare the cream for the potatoes like the
above, stir in this chopped, cold, boiled potatoes; cover them and
stew until cooked through. You can add a little chopped parsley, or
onions sliced fine, and stirred through them just as you take them off
the stove.

=Saratoga Potatoes.=--Mrs. H.--Select good large potatoes, wash and pare
them, slice them on potato or cabbage cutter, let them remain a few
moments in cold salt water, squeeze them out of this in your hand dry
as possible, and put a handful at a time in a kettle of hot lard, stir
with a fork, separating them quickly as possible; fry until of a light
brown colour, take out with a skimmer in a colander. Serve in a dish
with a napkin (to absorb the grease). They are good either cold or
hot. Can be kept several days by keeping in a dry place (warming over,
if not very warm). Warm them by placing in an oven a little time
before using them, to make hot and brittle.

=To Cook Parsnips.=--Boil tender, mash fine, removing all strings, mix
with them 2 eggs, salt and pepper, beat well together, and put a
spoonful in a frying pan with hot butter in it; when one side of these
is browned, turn over and brown the other.

=Corn Imitation Oysters.=--Grate 15 ears green corn, wash the cobs off
in a teacup of milk, 3 eggs, 2 tablespoons flour, 1 teaspoon salt;
bake on a griddle in spoonfuls, or fry like oysters.

=Corn Pudding.=--Scrape green corn from the cob, before cooking, add a
_little_ sweet cream, and little butter, salt and pepper; put in a
pail, cover it, then put in a pail of hot water and cook three hours.

=Baked Tomatoes.=--Grease a pudding-dish with butter, sprinkle a few
bread crumbs over it, then a layer of sliced tomatoes, sprinkle over
them a little sugar, little salt and pepper, and bits of butter, then
a thin layer of bread crumbs, then tomatoes, etc., then bread crumbs,
until the dish is full; bake slowly 2 hours. (Use cracker crumbs if
preferred).

=Fried Apples.=--Wash and wipe sour apples, quarter them if large, cut
in two again, core but do not pare them, put in frying pan, little
butter, and pour over them little hot water, sprinkle over them sugar
and a little salt; cover up and cook until tender. Take off cover and
cook until a little brown, scraping up from the bottom of pan.

=Rice Croquettes.=--Mrs. P.--Put 1 coffee cup of rice in the cooker, 1
cup milk, 2 cups water, sweeten quite sweet, little salt, cook until
tender; then grate in the rind of 1 lemon, yolks of 2 eggs, make in
oblong cakes, then roll in the yolk of eggs, then in cracker rolled
very _fine_; then fry (like rice cakes) in hot lard until brown, put
an old napkin placed on platter when you take them from the lard.
These will keep two or three days. Warm them in the oven when you wish
to use them.

=Oat Meal, Fine Hominy, Cracked Wheat.=--These are all cooked alike. To
1 cup of oatmeal, 4 cups of cold water, 1 teaspoon salt, put in oat
meal cooker (or in a pail set in a pail of hot water) to prevent
burning. Stir well when you put it on to cook, and do not stir again.
Cook three hours.

=German Toast.=--Mrs. H.--Dip slices of bread (cut  an inch thick) in
milk, in which put little sugar and salt, then dip in beaten egg, and
fry in frying pan with butter, brown both sides. Good for breakfast or
tea.

=BREAD STUFFS.=--=Mollie's Bread.=--Nearly 1 qt. tepid water, flour sifter
(holding little more than 1 qt.) twice full, 1 spoon salt, 1 or  cake
compressed yeast dissolved in  cup warm water, stir into batter, in
centre of flour--leave over night. In the morning _mix thoroughly, add
as little flour_ as will answer, let rise, then mix _as before_, put
in tins, let rise again and bake. Keeps moist a long time.

=Mrs. H.'s Bread.=--4 medium sized potatoes, pare and slice in cold
water, boil until soft, leaving fully 1 pt. water when done; pour this
water boiling hot on 2/3 pt. flour, mash potatoes fine and stir in;
soak  "Twin Bro.'s" yeast cake in warm water, (_not_ hot) and stir
into the above, when it is cool; let stand until light in a warm
place. This makes the yeast. At night stir this, with 1 qt. warm milk
or water, and 1 spoonful salt, into the centre of 4 qts. flour, and
mix with enough of the flour to make a thick sponge, cover lightly
with a little more of the flour; set away until early morning, when it
should be quite light. Now mix, cutting with a knife through and
through; knead very thoroughly, using as little extra flour as
possible; let rise in warm place, when light repeat directions for
kneading thoroughly, make into loaves, put in tins, let rise again in
a warm place and bake.

=For Raised Biscuits.=--When making bread into loaves save out nearly
half as much dough as you use for 1 loaf; mix into this, shortening
nearly the size of an egg, with a small spoon sugar, let rise, then
mix again, make into biscuits, let rise once more and bake. For a
change, sweeten 1 egg well beaten, with a little sugar, and brush over
tops of biscuits with a cloth, just before putting into the oven;
this, with the addition of more sugar to the biscuits, and a few
spices to taste, makes nice rusk.

=Mrs. Wood's Yeast and Bread.=--1 pt. sliced potatoes, 1 qt. water, when
boiled take that water, potatoes well mashed, 1 teacup sugar,  cup
salt, 1 cup flour, blended together with a little water; into this
strain water into which a small handful of hops has been boiled, _not
boiling_ hot, when milk is warm add yeast 1 cup. This will keep for
months. To make bread, take 2 cups flour, pour 1 pt. boiling water
over it; add more cold water and more flour,  cup sugar, and small
piece of butter, with small cup or less of the yeast above described.
Put to sponge early in evening, before going to bed stir down, stir
down again in the morning, let rise again, then mix _very thoroughly_,
make into loaves and bake. Raised biscuits or rusk may be made of this
dough, same as with Mrs. H.'s bread.

=Mrs North's Parker House Rolls.=--3 pts. flour, 1 pt. cold boiled milk,
piece of butter size of an egg, tablespoon sugar,  cup yeast; sponge
at night. Knead 20 minutes at 10 o'clock next morning; cut out at 2
o'clock and bake at tea time; roll out, and cut round, put a little
piece butter on top, lay one half over the other.

=Mrs. P.'s New Bedford Rolls=.--1 pt. sweet milk scalded, when cool add
2/3 cup butter, 2 tablespoons sugar, little salt, 1 beaten egg, and 1
two cent cake compressed yeast (Fleichmann's comes in tin foil),
dissolved in a little water; stir in flour to make a soft sponge.
Start in morning, when light, knead well, make out into rolls, should
be ready to bake about 4 o'clock, but if you wish them hot for tea,
set the pan of rolls in a cold place till just time to rise and bake
for tea.

=Mrs. H.'s Baking Powder Biscuit.=--2 heaping spoons butter, 2 scant
cups sweet new milk, 3 teaspoons baking powder, 1 saltspoon salt. Rub
baking powder into flour, and sift, next salt, then rub in butter
quickly and lightly, lastly mix in the milk with as few strokes as
possible. Dough should be _very_ soft; roll out  inch thick, cut into
biscuits and bake in a quick oven.

=K.'s Lunch Biscuits.=--Make a nice baking powder biscuit; roll out
about  inch thick, sprinkle over this one cup fine sugar and the
least dust of cinnamon, roll up tightly, and cut biscuit from the
end, 1 inch thick, place on buttered tins, and bake quickly. Nice for
lunch or coffee.

=Nelly's Sally Lunns.=--1 pt. flour, piece butter half size of an egg, 1
egg, 2 tablespoons sugar, 1 cup milk, 2 small teaspoons baking powder
(or 1 teaspoon cream tartar,  teaspoon soda), 1 saltspoon or more
salt. Bake in muffin rings 20 minutes, or in gem tins.

=Mrs. G.'s Pop Overs.=--1 qt. flour, 1 qt. milk, 2 eggs and a little
salt. Stir quickly, putting in eggs last, and bake immediately in a
hot oven.

=Mrs. P.'s Pop Overs.=--4 eggs, 1 pt. sweet milk, 1 tablespoon sugar,
small piece of butter, little salt, 3 cups flour. Bake an hour with a
slow fire. Bake in cups or muffin rings.

=Mrs. N.'s Raised Muffins.=--1 qt. milk scalded, then cooled to luke
warm; two eggs well beaten, butter size of an egg, 2 tablespoons
sugar. If yeast is new, 1 coffee cup yeast (less if old, or in warm
weather), mix at night if wanted for dinner or tea next day. Stir
occasionally, don't get too thick. Bake in gem tins or pop over cups.

=Elvira's Muffins.=--1 egg, one spoon melted butter, 1 spoon sugar, 1
cup sweet milk, 2 cups flour, 2 teaspoons baking powder (heaping).
Bake in muffin rings or gem tins.

=Short Cake.=--(Strawberry or other fruit), 1 cup sour cream, three cups
flour, 1 teaspoon soda, and a pinch of salt.

=Mrs. Harper's Breakfast Cake.=--1 pt. sweet milk, 2 eggs, 1 cups
flour, and a little salt. Bake in cups or gem tins, quick oven.

=Bread Griddle Cakes.=--1 qt. sour milk (butter milk is better); break
into this at night stale pieces of bread, 1 pt. or more, stir well. In
morning rub this through colander, add 1 or two eggs, small piece of
butter, 1 teaspoon soda, flour enough to prevent sticking to griddle.
Rice or fine hominy is excellent in place of bread. If batter is left
over add to this instead of making new from beginning, as it is better
the second morning and will be good several days.

=Flannel Cakes= (griddle).--1 qt. milk, 3 tablespoons yeast, 1
tablespoon melted butter, 1 teaspoon salt, 2 eggs well beaten, flour
to make a good batter. Set the other ingredients at night, adding the
butter and eggs in the morning. Bake on a griddle.

=Mrs. Waldron's Brown Bread= (graham).--1 cup bread sponge, 2 spoons
molasses, 1 teaspoon salt, warm water enough to make one loaf. Stir in
about 1 handful white flour, and graham flour enough to stir stiff.
Put in bread tins, let rise and bake.

=Dina's Brown Bread= (graham).--2 cups dough,  cup molasses, graham
flour stirred in stiff; rise once, and bake.

=Aunt Hannah's Graham Bread.=--1 cups sour milk, little salt,  cup
molasses, 1 teaspoon soda; stir thick about like Johnny cake with
graham flour, and a little white flour. Bake  or  hours. Nice for
dinner.

=Cousin M.'s Graham Muffins.=--2 cups graham flour, 1 cup white flour, 2
eggs, 1 cup sour cream,  cup sugar,  cup butter, 1 teaspoon soda.

=Mrs. G.'s Graham Gems.=--1 cups graham flour,  cup white flour, 1 cup
sweet milk, 1 egg, salt, 1 teaspoon baking powder. Bake in gem tins;
heat the tins before using.

=Mrs. Waldron's Corn Bread.=--1 pt. sour milk, 1 pt. corn meal, 1 pt.
flour,  cup molasses,  cup shortening, 2 small teaspoons soda, salt.
Steam 1 hour, and bake  hour.

=Nelly's Johnny Cake.=--1 pt. sour milk, 1 pt. Indian meal, 2 eggs, 1
tablespoon sugar (or more), 2 tablespoons melted butter, little salt,
1 teaspoon soda, beat thoroughly. Nice baked in gem tins, or in square
tins.

=Light Tea Cakes.=--1 cup sugar,  cup each of butter and sweet milk, 2
eggs, 1 teaspoon baking powder, flavor to taste, add flour to make a
soft batter, and bake in gem tins.

=Tea Rusk.=--1 pt. pancake batter stirred over night,  cup butter, 1
cup sugar, tablespoon soda, spice to taste, mix light and soft as
possible. Cut with biscuit cutter; eat warm.

=Bread-Sticks.=--Roll white bread dough (ready kneaded) very thin, cut
in pieces 6 inches long by  inch wide, put in tins so far apart that
they will not touch in baking; bake until crisp. These are nice with
any soups, or with coffee for breakfast.


=CAKE.=

=Angel's Food.=--Whites of 11 eggs, 1 tumblers granulated sugar, sift
before measuring, then sift again 4 times; 1 tumbler flour after
sifting, then sift 4 times, 1 teaspoon cream tartar with flour, then
sift flour and sugar together, 1 teaspoon vanilla; add sugar and flour
to eggs carefully, stirring little as possible, having previously
beaten eggs to a high froth on a large platter, put in a pan that has
never been greased, and bake slowly 40 minutes; try with a straw and
if too soft let remain a few minutes longer, then turn pan upside down
over a napkin on a table, to cool, then frost.

=Sea Foam Cake.=--Whites of 10 eggs beaten to a stiff froth, 1 cups
sifted sugar, 1 cup sifted flour, 1 teaspoon cream tartar. After
beating well, add 1 heaping teaspoon flour and flavor.

=White Sponge Cake.=--1 goblet sugar (heaping), 1 goblet sifted even
full, whites of 10 eggs, 1 teacup cocoanut or almonds, 1 teaspoon
cream tartar in the flour.

=Frosting.=--Mrs. H.'s.--To the white of 1 egg well beaten, add  cup
powdered sugar, beat until light, and does not run; flavor to taste.

=Boiled Frosting.=--1 cup sugar to 1 egg; and a little water to sugar,
boil to a thick syrup; when cold add white of egg well beaten, then
beat together.

=Chocolate Cake.=--1 cup sugar,  cup sweet milk,  cup butter, 2 eggs,
1 cups flour, 2 teaspoons baking powder. Bake same as jelly cake; and
for layers between; whites of 3 eggs, 1 cup sugar, and chocolate to
taste.

=Minnie's Orange Cake.=--2 cups sugar, 2 cups flour,  cup water, 2
teaspoons baking powder, yolks of 5 eggs, whites of three eggs, rind
and juice of 1 orange; bake in layers. For frosting take whites of 2
eggs beaten stiff, rind and juice of 1 orange made stiff with powdered
sugar.

=Sponge Cake.=--Beat well together yolks of 8 eggs and 1 pt. powdered
sugar; having well beaten the whites of eggs, add in small quantities
alternating with 1 pt. flour; flavor to taste. If sufficient care is
taken in beating it is delicious. May be baked in layers for

=Lemon Jelly Cake.=--Juice of 1 lemon, 1 egg, {2/3} cup sugar; let this
simmer on the stove, stirring constantly until it thickens. Put
between layers of sponge cake.

=Orange or Lemon Cake.=--1 tumbler sweet milk, 1 tumbler sugar, 2
tumblers flour, 2 eggs, 4 tablespoons melted butter, 2 teaspoons
baking powder; bake in layers. Frosting between, flavored with juice
and little grated rind of lemon or orange.

=Coffee Cake.=--1 cup butter, 1 cup sugar, 1 cup molasses, 1 cup cold
coffee, 4 cups flour with 2 teaspoons baking powder,  lb. raisins, 
lb. citron, 1 teaspoon each of nutmeg, cinnamon, and cloves.

=Wedding Pound Cake.=--Mrs. H.'s.--1 lb. flour, 1 lb. sugar,  lb.
butter, 3 lbs. raisins, 2 lbs. currants, 1 lb. citron, 7 eggs, 2 cups
molasses, 2 teaspoons cloves, 2 nutmegs, 2 teaspoons cinnamon, 2
teaspoons soda, 2 cups sour cream. Bake in a slow oven a long time.

=Mrs. W. P.'s Steamed Fruit Cake.=--6 eggs, their weight in sugar,
butter, and flour, each, 2 lbs. raisins, 1 lb. citron, 1 lb. English
currants, 2 teaspoons baking powder. All kinds of spices to taste.
Steam 6 hours and bake 1 hour, in a slow oven. This makes 2 large
basin cakes.

=Christmas Cakes.= (Leb. Kuchen)--1 qt. melted lard, 2 qts. New Orleans
molasses, 2 lbs. New Orleans sugar, 1 lb. almonds blanched and
chopped,  lb. citron chopped,  pound orange peel preserved and
chopped,  cup ground cinnamon,  cup ground cloves, 2 nutmegs grated,
1 qt. buttermilk (or sour milk), 3 teaspoons soda, 1 tablespoon salt,
5 even qts. flour. Warm lard and molasses, stir in sugar, then all
the rest. Mix in the evening, put in a cold place over night, in the
morning take a small piece at a time to roll, leaving the rest in a
cool place, roll out like cookies, and cut with knife in oblong cakes;
bake in dripping pans. Tied up in pillow case, and hung away in cool
unused room, will keep six months.

=Good Plain Cake.=--2 eggs, butter size of an egg, 1 cup sugar,  cup
sweet milk,  teaspoon soda, 1 teaspoon cream tartar, (or 1 teaspoons
baking powder,) 1 pt. flour.

=Delia's Lemon Cake.=--2 cups sugar, 3 eggs,  cup butter, 1 cup sweet
milk, 1 teaspoon soda in milk, 3 cups flour, 2 teaspoons cream tartar
in flour. Whites of eggs beaten separately and added last, flavor with
lemon extract, add raisins cut in two; bake.

=English Walnut Cake.=--3 cups flour, whites of 5 eggs,  cup butter, 
cup sweet milk, 2 cups powdered sugar, 3 teaspoons baking powder, 
lb. English walnut meats broken up,  cup raisins seeded and pulled
in pieces (not rolled in flour). Bake in square pie tins; make 2
layers with frosting between, then frost the top and when frosting is
a little cold mark off in 2 inch squares, and on each square lay 
English walnut meat.

=Fig Layer Cake.=--Miss T.'s-- cup butter, 1 cup sugar, yolks of 2
eggs, {2/3} cup sweet milk, 2 cups flour (not very full), 2 teaspoons
baking powder, vanilla and lemon. Bake in 3 tins and put frosting with
chopped figs between each layer, and figs and frosting on top of cake.
1 lb. figs is sufficient for 2 cakes.

=Kate R.'s Fig Paste for Layer Cake.=--1 lb. raisins stoned and chopped,
with 1 lb. figs chopped fine. Add hot water, a drop at a time until a
smooth paste.

=Mrs. W.'s Delicate Cake.=-- cup butter, 2 cups powdered sugar, 3 cups
flour, whites of 7 eggs, 1 teaspoon cream tartar,  teaspoon soda.
Stir butter and sugar to a cream, then add 1 cup milk, little at a
time, then the other ingredients.

=Dark and Light Layer Cake.=--1 cup butter, 2 cups sugar, 3 cups flour,
 cup sweet milk, whites of 4 eggs,  teaspoon soda, 1 teaspoon cream
tartar. Take  the mixture, add to it  cup molasses; cloves,
cinnamon, and spice to taste; raisins,  cup flour, 3 tablespoons
sweet milk. Bake each separately in layer cake tins, then alternate in
layers with frosting between. If one wishes, leopard cake can be made
of this, if before baking a spoonful of dark, then a spoonful of light
is put in long cake tin until all is used.

=Excellent Corn Starch Cake.=--1 cups sugar,  cup butter,  cup milk
(sweet),  cup corn starch in the milk, not quite 1 cups flour, 1
large teaspoon baking powder, whites of 8 eggs. Miss M.'s is like
this, only it has 1 teaspoon cream tartar,  teaspoon soda, 1 teaspoon
lemon extract.

=Newport Cake.=--Mrs. B.'s--1 egg, 1 qt. sifted flour, 2 teaspoons
baking powder mixed with flour, {2/3} cup sugar; beat eggs and sugar
together very light,  cup melted butter, 1 cup milk, stir all well
together and bake in a quick oven. Without the sugar this makes a nice
breakfast cake.

=Minnehaha Cake.=--Mrs. P.'s--1 coffee cup granulated sugar,  cup
butter, rub to a cream, then whip whites of 3 eggs, stir in butter
and sugar, 1 cup sweet milk, 2 cups flour, 3 teaspoons baking powder
in the flour. Bake in layers, and put frosting with chopped raisins
between.

=Cold Water Cake.=--6 eggs beaten separately, then together, 3 cups
sugar stirred in the eggs, 2 cups flour stirred in, 1 cup water
stirred in, 2 cups flour more with 3 spoons baking powder stirred in;
then bake in 3 basins nicely greased. Cut cakes in two, and spread
with custard, (make with  pt. milk,  cup sugar, 1 egg, 2 tablespoons
corn starch. Let milk come to a boil, then stir in other ingredients)
then frost.

=Ginger Cake.=--(without milk or eggs)--Mrs. W.'s--1 cup molasses,  cup
butter, 1 cup boiling water, 2 cups flour, 1 teaspoon soda, 1 teaspoon
ginger.

=Cousin M.'s Ginger Cake.=-- cup molasses,  cup sugar,  cup sour
milk,  cup butter, 1 small spoon ginger,  spoon cinnamon, pinch of
cloves; 1 large teaspoon soda, 2 eggs; stir soft and bake slowly. Put
molasses and butter in pan to warm, then add other ingredients.

=Mrs. W.'s Puff Cake.=--1 cup butter, 1 cup sweet milk, 3 eggs, 3 cups
flour, 2 teaspoons baking powder, vanilla.

=Spanish Bun Cake= (Excellent).--Stir well together, 1 pt. sugar,  cup
butter, add the beaten yolks of 4 eggs, 1 cup sweet milk, 1 tablespoon
cinnamon,  spoon cloves, 1 heaping pt. flour, 1 cup chopped raisins
mixed with a part of the flour, 2 teaspoons baking powder with the
flour; add last, whites of 4 eggs well beaten. Bake in small dripping
pan and frost with chocolate icing. For icing--1 cup sugar, just water
enough to dissolve it, add chocolate to taste; boil until it drops
stringy from the spoon, then take from stove, mix with beaten white of
1 egg, stirring rapidly. Do not frost until both cake and icing are
nearly cold; set in a cool place to dry.

=Mrs. P.'s Bread Cake.=--1 coffee cup dough, 1 cup molasses,  cup brown
sugar,  cup butter, 2 eggs, 1 teaspoon soda in 2 spoons hot water, a
little flour, 1 teaspoon each of all kinds of spices. Let rise and
bake.

=Debby's Soft Cookies.=--Very small  cup butter, 1 cups sugar, 1 egg,
{2/3} cup sweet milk, 3 teaspoons baking powder, very little nutmeg
(or lemon extract); stir butter and sugar to a cream then add other
ingredients, not too much flour, mix very soft, roll out (not too
thin), cut in strips, roll in sugar and flour; braid so as to form a
round, and bake: or cut round and put raisins in centre. These are
very nice.

=St. Denis Cookies.=-- 1 cup butter, 3 cups sugar, 3 eggs, 1 cup sweet
milk, 7 cups flour, 7 teaspoons baking powder, little nutmeg.

=Nelly's Ginger Snaps.=--1 cup molasses, 1 cup brown sugar, 1 cup
shortening (part butter, part lard). Boil in a basin 10 minutes; cool,
then put in 1 teaspoon soda dissolved in about 2 tablespoons hot
water, 1 teaspoon ginger; stir in enough flour to make stiff; roll
thin and bake.

=Nelly's Fried Cakes.=--1 cup sugar, 1 cup sour milk, 2 spoons cream, 1
teaspoon soda, 2 eggs, a little salt; mix very soft but round, put a
raisin in centre of each; fry light brown, then roll in sugar.

=Mrs. H.'s Fried Cakes.=--1 cup sugar (not quite full), 2 small eggs, 
cup sweet milk, 1 teaspoons baking powder, 2 cups flour, 1
tablespoon melted butter.

=Favorite Fried Cakes.=--Put about 1 qt. flour in a dish, mix with it 2
teaspoons baking powder, 1 cup sugar, 2 small eggs, little salt, 1 cup
sweet milk.


=DESSERTS, CREAMS, ETC.=

=Coffee, Mrs. W.'s Excellent.=--Allow 1 tablespoon coffee for each
person, and one for coffee pot,  cup water to each tablespoon coffee;
let boil 10 minutes, then set back until settled; then pour into
another pot in which you have scalded milk,  cup milk for each spoon
coffee. Serve with cream and sugar.

=Cream for Coffee.=--Heat 1 qt. new milk, work together 1 dessert spoon
sweet butter with teaspoon flour, thin it with a little of the hot
milk and beat for five minutes while boiling, then remove from fire
and beat five minutes longer. Have ready yolks of 2 eggs well beaten
and add to cream while hot, mixing well. This is almost better than
cream.

=Coffee Ice Cream.=--3 pts. cream, 1 cup clear strong coffee, 2 cups
sugar, 2 tablespoons arrowroot wet in cold milk; heat half the cream
to boiling; stir in the sugar and when this is dissolved, the coffee,
then the arrowroot; boil all together about 5 minutes, when cold beat
up very lightly, whipping in the rest of the cream by degrees, then
freeze.

=Charlotte Russe.=--To 1 pt. sweet cream whipped very light, add whites
of 2 eggs well beaten, 1 cup sugar, flavor with vanilla; {1/3} box Cox
gelatine dissolved in a gill of milk, strain into the cream. Have a
mould lined with sponge cake (or lady fingers), pour in the cream and
put away to cool.

=Debby's Dessert.=--Make lemon and orange jelly (see recipe), place bowl
in centre of dish in which jelly is moulded, and when hardened, fill
the cavity with whipped cream.

=Miss H.'s Frozen Fruit.=--2 doz. fine peaches pared and cut into small
pieces, cover them with sugar and let stand 3 or 4 hours. Then beat
them into 1 qt. sweetened cream or custard, and freeze. Canned peaches
may be used, and other fruits are good.

=Ice Cream.=--1 qt. cream, sweeten very sweet and flavor with vanilla;
whip up very light with whites of 1 or 2 eggs well beaten and freeze.
This makes a large quantity and is quickly frozen.

=Ice Cream No. 2.=--Little more than 1 pt. cream whipped, 1 large cup
sugar, white of 1 egg broken in, flavor with vanilla or lemon; 1
heaping tablespoon gelatine dissolved in a little water. When the
cream is nearly whipped enough strain in the gelatine, then whip
thoroughly; put in a small covered tin pail, pack in a larger pail
with salt and ice. A short time before using, stir thoroughly from the
sides where frozen, that this may be mixed with the rest; no shaking
necessary.

=Lemon Sponge.=--Pour  pt. water on  box Cox's gelatine, when
dissolved add 1 pt. water, 2 cups sugar, juice and grated rind of 2
lemons. Boil together, then strain; when quite cold stir in the whites
of 2 well beaten eggs, and pour into a mould. This is very nice with
custard round for dessert, or with red jelly in centre. In place of
lemons use oranges, for orange sponge.

=Lemon and Orange Jelly.=--Pour a little more than 1 pt. boiling water
on  box Nelson's gelatine; grate the rind of 1 lemon and 1 orange;
use the juice of 2 oranges and 1 lemon, 2 cups sugar. Stir well,
strain through a flannel bag and pour into mould.

=Lemon Ice.=--2 qts. water, 6 lemons; grate the peel and pour a little
hot water on it, then strain in the water, add the juice and 2 lbs.
sugar. Put in freezer, then stir in the whites of 8 eggs beaten to a
stiff froth, and freeze.

=Pine-apple Ice.=--Chop the pineapple and lay in sugar over night: 2
qts. water and 2 lbs. sugar, adding whites of 8 eggs well beaten,
after putting in the freezer.

=Orange Float.=--1 qt. water, juice and pulp of 2 lemons, coffee cup
sugar; when boiling add 4 tablespoons corn starch mixed in cold water;
stir while boiling 15 minutes. When cool pour this over 4 or 5 oranges
sliced and sprinkled with sugar. Spread over this, beaten whites of
three eggs, sweetened and flavored.

=Russian Cream.=-- box Cox's gelatine, cover with cold water, leaving
in a warm place until dissolved; 1 qt. milk, 4 eggs, 1 cup sugar. Beat
the yolks of eggs and sugar together, stir in the gelatine, and pour
into the boiling milk, let it cook a little longer than custard,
flavor with vanilla. Let it cool a little, then stir in the whites of
the eggs beaten to a high froth, and pour into a mould. To be eaten
cold; set on ice in summer. Better the second day.

=Spanish Cream.=--2 qts. milk, 3 cups sugar, 6 eggs beaten separately, 
box gelatine, juice of 2 lemons; put the gelatine into 1 pt. cold
milk, setting it where it will warm; boil the rest of milk and pour to
it, then add yolks of eggs, 2 cups sugar, lemon juice; bake until a
nice brown; beat whites of eggs with 1 cup sugar and a little lemon,
put on top; set in oven to stiffen.

=Snow Jelly.=-- box Cox's gelatine, 1 pt. boiling water, 2 cups sugar,
juice of 2 lemons, whites of 3 eggs; pour boiling water over gelatine,
add sugar and lemon juice; when nearly cold add whites well beaten.
Put in mould and in a cool place.

=Whipped Cream.=--Beat fresh sweet cream to a stiff froth, (a Dover egg
beater is best for this), add pulverized sugar and flavoring to taste.
This is nice served in small glasses, with "sea foam cake."

=Snow Pudding.=-- box Cox's gelatine in  part cold water, when
dissolved add juice of two lemons,  lb. sugar, 1 pt. boiling water;
let stand until cold. Beat whites of 4 eggs to a froth with 1
tablespoon sugar, spread this over the jelly. For sauce scald 1 pt.
milk, beat yolks of 4 eggs, sweeten and add grated rind of 2 lemons,
and stir in the boiling milk.

=Snow Pudding No. 2.=--To 1 pt. rich new milk or cream just boiling, add
2 tablespoons corn starch mixed with a little cold milk, sweeten to
taste, a little salt, vanilla, cook 10 minutes, stirring the while.
Take off the stove and add at once whites of 2 eggs thoroughly beaten,
then put in mould. To be eaten cold.

=Omelette Souffle.=--Beat the whites and yolks of eggs separately (the
number you may require), to every white add 1 tablespoon pulverized
sugar, same to each yolk; after beating each separately, thoroughly
put together and stir; flavor with lemon; put in hot, buttered dish
and bake 10 minutes.

=Chocolate Custard.=--1 qt. milk, 3 oz. chocolate, boiled until
thoroughly mixed, then take off the fire and add 4 eggs thoroughly
beaten; flavor to taste.

=Custard for Dessert.=--1 full qt. milk, 2 cups sugar, 4 eggs, put in
cups; set the cups in water in a dripping pan, and bake until smooth
(too much baking makes it watery).

=Orange Float.=--1 qt. water, 2 lemons, juice and pulp (squeezed), 1
coffee cup sugar; when boiling add to it 4 table-spoons corn starch
mixed in cold water; let it boil, stirring it 15 minutes, when cool
pour it over 4 or 5 sliced oranges, sprinkled with sugar. Over the top
spread the beaten whites of 3 eggs sweetened and flavored.

=Mollie's Peach Pudding.=--Pour the liquid from a quart of peaches into
a quart cup, fill the cup with hot water and make quite sweet; put
this in a skillet and when it boils, put in it 7 even tablespoons corn
starch (wet up with milk or water), cook about 15 minutes. Put some of
the peaches in bottom of mould, then pour in some of the pudding, then
more peaches, and in this way fill up mould. To be eaten with cream
and powdered sugar. This is enough for 10 persons.

=Peach or Apple Pudding.=--Put a quart can of peaches or apples (juice
and all), in a skillet; make a covering for it of 1 pt. of flour, 1
tablespoon baking powder, stirred through the flour, 1 tablespoon of
butter worked into the flour; wet this with water or sweet milk
enough to make it not quite as stiff as biscuit dough, and put over
the peaches; cover this tight and cook about 20 minutes; turn out and
serve with cream. Other fruits are equally good with these two
puddings; plums are delicious in either.

=Banana or Orange Pudding.=--Mrs. B.'s--1 qt. milk, 1 coffee cup of
sugar, 3 eggs, whites of 2 of them to be reserved for frosting;  box
gelatine dissolved in hot water, to be added to the custard after it
is taken from the fire. When quite cold put custard and banana in
layers until the dish is full; then put the frosting on top with a few
pieces of the fruit mixed with it.

=Sponge Pudding.=--1 qt. milk,  cup butter,  cup sugar, 1 cup flour,
12 eggs. Scald the milk (leaving out enough cold milk to wet the flour
with), when near boiling add sugar; then stir in flour already wet
with cold milk until thick as starch, take from the fire and add the
butter; let it get nearly cool, meanwhile have someone else beating
the eggs, yolks and whites separately until very light, then beat the
yolks into the milk, and lastly the whites, mixing all very
thoroughly; pour into a large pudding dish, set in a pan of hot water;
bake about an hour. Sauce for above.--1 cup butter beaten to a cream,
and 2 cups sugar and beat well, then beat in by the teaspoonful  cup
wine; put in the pitcher in which you will serve it; set in kettle of
boiling water for an hour, but do not stir it at all.

=Queen's Pudding.=--1 pt. cracker crumbs, 1 qt. milk, 1 cup sugar, yolks
of 4 eggs, butter size of an egg, bake; then spread over top a layer
of jelly, and over this pour frosting made with whites of four eggs
well beaten, 1 cup sugar, juice and grated rind of 1 lemon. To be
eaten cold.

=Dorchester Cracker Pudding.=--2 qts. milk, 6 Boston crackers split and
buttered, 8 eggs beaten very light, 2 cups sugar, nutmeg, cinnamon to
taste, 1 teaspoon salt, 1 lb. raisins seeded and cut in two. Make a
custard of the milk, eggs, and sugar with spices, heating almost to a
boil, put the crackers and fruits in layers, wetting with the custard
until the dish is full; let soak until soft, and bake a light brown;
serve with hot sauce.

=Hot Sauce for Puddings.=--2 cups sugar, 2 eggs, juice and grated rind
of 1 lemon, beat all together, and just before serving add 1 pt.
boiling water, set on stove, stirring until just at boiling point (not
boiling, as that makes lemon bitter), some add  cup butter and 1
tablespoon corn starch.

=Hot Cream Sauce.=--1 cup powdered sugar, small  cup butter, {2/3} cup
sweet cream; beat butter and sugar together, add cream, stir in  cup
boiling water, heat on stove a few minutes, stirring constantly;
flavor to taste.

=Rice Pudding.=--Mrs. B.'s--Little less than  cup rice to 5 cups sweet
milk; put on back part of stove to swell for 2 hours or more, add
butter, sugar and raisins; put in a pudding dish, and bake about 1
hour, stirring often, until time to brown over top.

=Rice for Dessert.=--To 1 cup rice, 2 cups water, 2 cups milk, 1
teaspoon salt; boil fast for fifteen minutes, then turn into a
colander to drain.

=Sauce for Rice.=--Yolks of 3 eggs beaten with sugar quite sweet, 1 cup
sweet cream, juice and grated rind of 1 lemon.

=Plum Charlotte.=--Take a can of plums, pit them and put them in a pan
on the stove (first pour a little water in the pan to prevent
burning), cut the crust all off from a loaf of stale baker's bread,
cut the bread lengthwise of the loaf in slices one-half inch thick,
place a slice at a time in the pan of plums (when they are hot) and
let remain until soaked through, dip up the liquor of plums over it;
when thoroughly wet through, take slice up carefully and place on a
platter, serve each slice in the same manner, piling them together on
a platter, put this in the oven for a few moments to glaze over; with
a knife make the surface of the loaf smooth. Then frost top and sides
with cake frosting and set away to cool and harden. This is a
delicious dessert; to be eaten cold with thick cream and sugar. Can be
made the day before using. Can use raspberries, black-berries, or
grapes, in the place of plums.

=Quinces Washed= (but not pared) and placed in pie tins with little
water in and bake slowly, make an excellent dessert with cream and
sugar.

=Russet Apples= are very good baked like quinces, but in a very slow
oven, and baked a long time.

=Excellent Fritters.=--Mrs. H.--Stir into 1 pt. of boiling water 1
teaspoon salt, 1 pt. of flour; stir thoroughly. When this is nearly
cold add 4 eggs beaten separately, the whites last. Drop in spoonfuls
in hot lard and fry as fried cakes. Serve with maple syrup, or syrup
made of white sugar and water boiled until thick.

=Aunt Hannah's Steamed Fruit Pudding.=--1 cup suet chopped fine, 1 cup
raisins, 1 cup sour milk, 1 cup molasses, 1 teaspoon soda, little
salt, flour, enough to make stiff batter, put in large buttered basin
in steamer; steam 2 hours. Sauce--1 cup sugar,  cup butter, little
flour beaten to a cream; pour on boiling water, cook a few minutes.

=Bread Pudding.=--1 pt. milk, 2 eggs (the white of one taken out for
dressing), 2 slices of bread, 1 cup raisins, a little butter; bake in
buttered pudding dish. For dressing-- cup butter, {2/3} cup sugar,
well whipped; white of 1 egg well whipped, beat all together well, add
a little hot water just before using; flavor to taste.

=Mrs. Waldron's Nice Pudding.=-- lb. sugar,  lb. butter,  lb. raisins
chopped fine,  lb. flour, 5 eggs; steam 3 hours. Serve with sauce.


=PIES.=

=Bertha's Pie Crust.=--3 cups sifted flour, 1 cup lard well mixed
together with the fingers,  cup water (or more), 1 teaspoon salt, cut
this altogether with a knife, then roll out quickly and as little as
possible. Can add small teaspoon baking powder if desired.

=Cranberry Pie.=--1 qt cranberries, 3 cups sugar, in about 1 qt. cold
water, cover until nearly done, take cover off and stew until jellied.
Next morning line a pie plate with crust, sprinkle with flour lightly,
fill with cranberries, cut strips of pie crust about  inch wide, make
lattice work over top of pie and bake.

=Cream Pie.=--Mrs. M.'s.--1 cup cream, 1 egg, sugar and flavoring to
taste; bake in a slow oven.

=Custard Pie.=--Mrs. S.'s.--2 eggs, 1 pt. milk, 1 cup sugar; break eggs
into dish containing sugar, beat fast and thoroughly until very light,
add milk, a very little nutmeg or vanilla if liked; bake in a slow
oven, not too long. When custard cuts like butter it is done.

=Mrs. N.'s Lemon Pie.=--1 cup water, 1 tablespoon corn starch, 1 cup
sugar, 1 lemon, grated rind, juice, and inside chopped fine; bake with
two crusts.

=Pumpkin Pie.=--Mrs. H.'s.--To  pt. pumpkin nicely stewed down add one
cup milk, 1 cup sugar, 1 egg, 1 small teaspoon ginger, a little
butter. Pour this in pie plate lined with nice crust; to give a flaky
appearance sprinkle over top a little sugar and cinnamon. Bake very
slowly, do not let pie boil while in oven.

=Apple Pie.=--Grease pie plates and line them with paste, fill with
sliced apples, sprinkling sugar through them, little nutmeg, or little
cinnamon, butter size of walnut, cut in bits; use in all 1 cup of
sugar; use tart spicy apples. Cover with apple crust and bake, not too
fast.


=CANNED FRUIT.=

=Canned Pears.=--Select fine ripe pears (Bartlett's are best), handle
carefully while paring, cut in halves, taking out core smoothly, drop
each piece in cold water to prevent discoloring. In a porcelain kettle
make a rich syrup of granulated sugar and water; when cooked divide
the syrup, leaving in kettle enough for 2 or 3 cans. Put in pears
enough for same, cook until transparent, then can quickly as possible.
Peaches and plums canned same way, only these should not be dropped in
water while preparing.

=Quinces.=--Pare, quarter and core, dropping in water to prevent
discoloring while waiting (save parings and cores to make quince
jelly). Steam quinces until tender, then cook them in a rich syrup
made of granulated sugar and water, and can at once. Half or {2/3}
sweet apples (to  or {1/3} quinces), are quite as good, if not
better.

=Cherries= should be pitted and cooked in sugar to sweeten very sweet,
no water.

=Strawberries.=--Sprinkle nearly 1 bowl granulated sugar to 1 bowl
berries; let stand until juice is drawn out, pour into porcelain
kettle, let cook a little, then put in berries and cook well, but not
too long, take berries out with skimmer; let the juice cook until
thick, then replace berries and cook together, and can at once.

=Grapes.=--Pulp the grapes, putting skins into one porcelain kettle, and
pulps into another, until all are pulped; cover skins with water and
boil until tender, then add pulps, which have been cooked and rubbed
through a sieve to take out the seeds; add sugar until very sweet,
cook down and can.

=Currant Jelly.=--Mrs. H.--Heat the currants thoroughly in a kettle,
press the juice from them in jelly bag. To each bowl of juice allow 1
bowl of white sugar. Measure juice and sugar, keeping them separate,
place the sugar in dishes in the oven, let it get hot. Stir
occasionally. Boil the juice 20 minutes, add hot sugar, let come to a
boil; dip jelly moulds in hot water and fill with the jelly; when cold
paste paper over them. A little raspberry juice added to the currant
juice improves the flavor.

=Apple Jelly.=--Cut up apples in quarters, take out the cores, do not
pare them, put in kettle and cover with cold water, let cook until
perfectly soft (stir very little). Strain this with the water they are
cooked in through jelly bag; strain three times to make clear. To 1
bowl of juice add 1 bowl of sugar, boil until it jellies (try a little
in a cup), skim well, put in cups or bowls and seal up. Use good,
spicy, juicy, sour apples. Crab apples used in the same way.


=CANDY.=

=Molasses Candy.=--1 cup molasses (New Orleans is best),  cup white
sugar, butter as large as a cherry, 1 spoon vinegar. Boil until it
breaks crisp in water; just before taking from the fire add  teaspoon
soda.

=Kisses.=--Mrs. H. H.--Whites of 2 eggs beaten to a stiff froth, 1 cup
powdered sugar, beat this together 15 minutes, drop in teaspoonfuls on
brown paper, put on dripping pan turned bottom side up in the oven;
bake until a crust forms on them.

=Cream Candy.=--Miss C. W.--1 bowl white sugar, 2 table-spoons vinegar,
1 teaspoon cream tartar, 1 tumbler water; put in vanilla just as it is
done. Boil until it crisps in water. Pull it when it is cool, until
white and porous, and cut into pieces.

=Peanut Candy.=--Mrs. H.--2 cups molasses, 1 cup sugar, 1 cup water, 
cup vinegar (a small one), butter size of an egg. Boil until brittle,
then stir in the peanuts (take the skins off first), and pour out on
greased plate. Can use English walnut or hickory nut meats.

=Cream for French Candies= (Without Cooking).--Roll and sift 3 lbs.
confectioners' XXX powdered sugar (get it at the confectioner's). Put
the whites of 2 eggs in a tumbler, and mark with the thumb the amount;
pour this in a dish and add the same measure of cold water, and a
scant tablespoon of vanilla (or any flavoring you like). Stir these
well together; then add sugar slowly, stirring all well together with
a silver spoon. It sometimes takes more or less sugar; make it stiff
enough to mold into shape with the fingers; roll this with the hands
on the moulding board until smooth, and then with the hands shape into
small balls for chocolate creams, or into squares and put English
walnut meats on them, or roll grated cocoanut into it, or chop figs
and mix with it, or open dates and fill them with some of the cream,
or cover almond meats with it, then roll them in granulated sugar. For
the chocolate creams make with the fingers little cone shaped balls,
place on greased plate to harden (over night), or make them in the
morning and leave them until afternoon. Melt some chocolate
(confectioners' is the best), in a basin, set in another basin of
boiling water; when melted and the creams are hard enough to handle,
take one at a time on a fork and drop in the melted chocolate; roll it
until well covered, then slip from the fork upon waxed paper, (or
greased plates), and set away to harden.

=Chocolate Caramels.=--1 cups sugar, 1 cup molasses,  cup sweet milk,
 cake bakers' chocolate scraped fine,  teaspoon soda dissolved in
milk, 2 teaspoons pulverized gum arabic, piece of butter half size of
an egg; boil without stirring until it breaks crisp in water, pour out
quarter of an inch thick in greased tins; cut in squares with a knife
when it gets a little cool.  of this recipe makes one square tin
full.

=Pop Corn Balls.=--When making molasses candy, leave a little in the
kettle, and pour in some corn nicely popped; stir quickly and make
into balls by taking a spoonful at a time, forming with the hands.

=Pop Corn Sugared.=--1 cup sugar (white), hot water enough to cover it;
let boil until it is crisp when dropped in water, then stir quickly
into it (with kettle remaining on the stove), nicely popped corn;
stir until each kernel is coated with sugar and separate.


SUGGESTIONS.

=Breakfast.=--For a 1st course, fresh fruits or melons in their season
are best; in place of these, or for variety, oatmeal, fine hominy,
rice, or mush served in saucers with cream (and sugar if desired) are
excellent; and either of these fried a nice brown, to be eaten with
syrup, make a nice after dish for breakfast, same as griddle cakes.
2nd course--coffee, chocolate, or cocoa, white, graham, or corn bread,
rolls, muffins (white or graham), breakfast cakes, lunch biscuits,
popovers, sally lunns, german (or other) toast; beef, lamb, veal, or
tenderloin steak, lamb chops, boiled ham (with eggs), fresh fish
fried, boiled mackerel, codfish picked up in cream, codfish balls,
breakfast fast dish of fish, ham cakes, escaloped eggs, omelet, fried
oysters; potatoes baked, fried, cream potatoes, (whole or chopped),
potato puff, baked or fried apples.

=Dinner.=--1st course--soup, crackers, bread; 2nd course--fish boiled,
baked, fried, or broiled; 3rd course--for meats--roast lamb, leg of
mutton, roast beef, veal, venison, spare rib, turkey or chicken,
chicken fricassee, chicken pot pie, chicken (or other meat) pie, lamb
cooked with tomatoes, escaloped oysters (with the roast turkey).
Vegetables--potatoes baked, mashed, cream potatoes, potato puff,
boiled or baked onions, cabbage (cooked or cold cut cabbage), with or
without salad dressing, tomatoes (stewed, baked or raw), corn (in
various ways), peas, beans, beets, cauliflower, squash baked or
steamed, sweet potatoes, vegetable oysters, asparagus, parsnips,
(sliced or in patties), cucumbers, lettuce, salads, pickles, jellies,
stewed cranberries; bread--white and brown, rolls, raised biscuits,
graham muffins, Johnnie cake, corn bread; for dessert--cheese, pies,
puddings, fritters, baked quinces or apples served with sugar and
cream, short cakes (berry or other fruit), custards, creams, ices,
canned or fresh fruits, cakes, candies, nuts, raisins. If coffee, tea,
or chocolate were served with the dinner proper, coffee may be served
as a last course in after dinner coffee cups.

=Supper or Lunch.=--Fish turbot, breakfast dish of fish, small fresh
fried, oysters escaloped, fried or raw, oyster omelet, cream oysters
on toast, codfish cooked in cream, chicken fried, broiled, on toast,
or chicken croquettes, beef rissolves, beef or veal loaf, potted beef,
egg on toast, omelet, potato souffle (or puff), Saratoga potatoes,
potato croquettes, chopped cream potatoes, sweet potatoes, sliced
tomatoes, graham bread, white bread, raised biscuits, soda (or baking
powder) biscuits, rolls, graham or other muffins, popovers, waffles,
lunch biscuits, toast (of white or graham bread), milk toast, tea,
coffee, or chocolate.

At a September breakfast a vase of nasturtiums brightened the whole
table; nutmeg melon eaten with either salt or sugar, and beautiful
clusters of grapes made the 1st course; and for the 2nd, we had
chicken on toast, fried oysters, potato puff, rice croquettes, omelet,
sliced tomatoes, rolls, graham muffins, white bread, coffee, and
chocolate.

=At Mrs. H.'s Dinner for 12=--Flowers, dishes of jelly, pickles, and
celery were prettily arranged on the table; knives, forks, and
teaspoons sufficient for the different courses were laid at each
plate, with napkin (in which was rolled a square piece of bread),
butter (on tiny butter plate), and glass of ice water. Each plate was
also served with raw oysters, and  lemon, before dinner was
announced; square crackers were passed with this course. For the 2nd
course--tomato soup and the squares of bread which were in the napkins
at first. 3rd course--roast turkey, carved by host, and gravy, mashed
potatoes, squash, parsnip patties, rice croquettes, jelly, pickles,
and rolls, were passed by waitress; when this course was finished, the
table was cleared and brushed, for the 4th course--ice cream with
cherries frozen in, Minnehaha cake, and peach preserves. Table was
cleared again, then coffee and the finger bowls were brought on.

=At a Gentleman's Dinner Party=--The table was laid as above, except
that for decoration, there was a centrepiece of flowers and fruits,
also a triangle of flowers at each corner of table, a hand painted
card at each plate, with name of gentleman assigned to that place;
also in place of bread in napkin, there were bread-sticks at each
plate; 2nd course--baked whitefish with fish sauce; 3rd course--roast
duck with olive or lemon sauce, vermicelli potatoes, roasted onions,
rolls, and graham bread; 4th course--chocolate, quail on toast,
macaroni cooked with cheese, corn pudding; 5th course--lobster salad
and thin slices of bread and butter; 6th course--wafers and cheese;
7th course--steamed fruit pudding, ice cream, fig layer cake, fruits,
nuts, raisins, candied fruits, coffee in after dinner coffee cups.

=Mrs. B.'s Lunch for 10 Ladies=--Was a very pretty affair, flowers in
centre of table, dish of jelly at one side, crackers at the other,
napkins, knives, forks, and teaspoons at each place, with pats of
butter on tiny butter plates, and pretty glasses filled with ice
water; also bouillon already served in cup and saucer on each plate,
and beside the plate a tiny bouquet of flowers, with a card on which
was daintily written the name of the guest assigned to the place; 2nd
course--fish turbot, brown bread, muffins, olives, and Saratoga
potatoes, each passed around; this course being removed, the 3rd
consisted of lettuce and tomato salad, white bread cut thin and spread
with butter; and the 4th and last course was of Bavarian cream, and
lemon jelly cut in squares (each in a handsome glass dish), with
baskets of angel food and fruit cake; then coffee was served and
finger bowls set on.

=At Another Lunch.=--Table set as at Mrs. B.'s, except in place of small
bouquets, each card was prettily decorated with etching including the
name of guest. 1st course--fried oysters on platter garnished with
celery leaves, and slices of lemon (the last to be served with
oysters), crackers, celery, and olives; 2nd course--chicken on toast,
vermicelli, potatoes, New Bedford rolls, small cucumber pickles,
potted beef, crab apple jelly; 3rd course--shrimp or salmon salad
served on white curled cabbage leaves, a little smaller than the tea
or fruit plates on which they were placed, very thin slices of bread
and butter were passed with this. Table was cleared and brushed, then
moulds of peach pudding, and of pine-apple ice, with handsome dishes
of English walnut, and coffee cake with some kind of preserves; after
this coffee and chocolate, then a finger bowl with geranium leaves in
it was placed for each couple.

=At Mrs. L.'s Informal Tea.=--The table was spread as at Mrs. B.'s
lunch. In front of the host was a platter of raw oysters, garnished
with slices of lemon; in a pretty glass dish there was cabbage salad
with olives in, vinegar in glass pitchers, pickled crab apples,
currant jelly, and a platter of crackers; for 2nd course--tender
broiled chicken, the platter garnished with parsley, took the place of
the oysters; cream potatoes, warm biscuits, tea and coffee finished
this course. The table was cleared and brushed, then charlotte russe
with lady fingers, served on tea plates, peach preserves in saucers,
patticakes, and lemon jelly cake.

=At Another Tea Drinking.=--The table was spread much as before, in each
napkin was a roll, butter and water already served, and on the table
were brown bread, white bread, basket of cake (not served till last
course), olives, pickled peaches, cold ham, chicken croquettes (or was
it brook trout?) on a daintily garnished platter at one end of the
table, at the other, potato croquettes (or else Saratoga potatoes),
tea or coffee as preferred. Table was cleared and sweet breads took
the place of chicken (or trout?), and tomato salad, that of potatoes;
the brown bread was delicious with these. After table was cleared and
brushed, we had strawberries (or pine-apple?) at one end, ice cream at
the other, and with this the cake was served. We had plates for the
ice cream, and saucers for the berries.

=A Less Pretentious Tea.=--To be served with only two courses, one could
have tea (or coffee), graham (or white) bread, muffins (or sally
lunns), oysters escaloped (or fried, or oyster patties), or chicken on
toast (or fried chicken), rice croquettes (or corn oysters), potato
puff (or an omelet), peach pickles, and olives (or cucumber pickles);
table cleared and brushed, then preserves, canned or fresh fruit, and
one or two kinds of cake.

=An Every Day Tea or Supper.=--May begin with hominy (oat meal, cracked
wheat, or mush), eaten with cream, followed with baked potatoes (or
potato puff); in place of these or with them, cold roast meats, potted
beef, veal or beef loaf, or for variety, ham cakes, escaloped eggs,
etc., graham bread, wheat muffins (or raised baking powder biscuits),
canned fruit in winter (fresh ripe fruit in summer). Julia's lemon
cake (cookies, or fried cake), tea, coffee, chocolate, or milk, as
preferred. Simple codfish cooked in cream, baked potatoes, baking
powder biscuits, honey, soft ginger cake, make a good supper.




RECIPES FOR THE DAIRY.

BUTTER.


=BUTTER MAKING=--=A "New Departure," or New Discovery in Setting Milk,
Claimed to be of Swedish Origin but really a Yankee Invention.=--The
Rev. Dr. Prime published in the New York _Observer_ what he understood
to be, and consequently gave as, a recent Swedish discovery. He said:

"A discovery has recently been made by M. Swartz, which promises to be
most important to the dairy farmer. In the ordinary method of
cream-setting, the milk is placed in very shallow pans, and stands for
24 hours or more while the cream is rising. The milk, during that time
usually turns sour, and the cream becomes contaminated with free
fatty-acids, with partially decomposed albuminous bodies, and with
other products injurious to the flavor or keeping qualities of the
butter. In Swartz's plan the milk, as soon as it reaches the dairy, is
placed in deep metal pails standing in a vessel full of ice. Not only
does the low temperature reduce the process of change to a minimum,
but, quite unexpectedly, it also greatly facilitates the rising of the
cream; so that in pails having sixteen inches depth of milk, the cream
is nearly all obtained in twelve hours. The butter churned from the
product is not only pure in flavor, but has remarkable keeping
qualities. The plan is spreading rapidly."

To the above I give the following explanation by a gentleman signing
himself Ivenans, which shows that if the discovery was not actually
made by Mr. Starr, of Litchfield, Conn., it had been used by him three
or four years, at least, before it was made public in Sweden. This
writer and traveller says:

"I find the above in a newspaper of Paris, France, showing that the
discovery is considered to be something new and wonderful. Some three
or four years ago I wrote a notice, which was published in the New
York _Observer_, of the splendid dairy of my friend, Mr. Starr, at
Litchfield, Connecticut. In that notice I stated distinctly, with
great particularity, Mr. Starr's method of _setting_ his milk for
cream; not in shallow pans, as the women of old were wont to do, but
in narrow vessels about twenty inches deep, standing in ice cold
water, or a very cold place. This is the identical process now boasted
of as the new discovery in Sweden, and spreading rapidly. It is a
Yankee invention, and how long it has been in use I do not know. But
they are smart in Sweden, as I know from observation, and will make
use of every good invention or valuable discovery in butter making or
anything else."

_Remarks._--There are those who claim that to heat the milk after
straining it into pans, by setting upon the stove until the film upon
the top of the milk begins to wrinkle will cause the cream to rise
quicker and better than without the scalding, which experience will
soon determine; but I am well satisfied that those who are situated so
they can have cold spring water to run through their milk house, by
which they can reduce the temperature of the milk quickly; or those
who are near large streams of water or lakes, so that they can cheaply
supply themselves with ice for the same purpose, will find the cooling
process not only the best but a very necessary plan to pursue, if they
wish to make the most out of their opportunities.

=Butter=--=Gilt-Edged:=--=How to Make.=--At an exhibition of the Chester
County Agricultural Society, Pa., Isaac Acker received the first prize
on butter making, managing as follows:

He feeds 10 qts. of corn meal and bran (mixed half and half, no doubt)
to each cow per day, with hay, but does not think that corn fodder
makes good butter. The temperature of the cream at churning was
fifty-seven degrees, and it was churned from 12 to 20 minutes. Use 6
ozs. of salt and 3 ozs. of white sugar to 20 lbs. of butter.

=Butter Churning, or "Getting on Time."=--There are many people who
complain that "butter will not come." To such I would say that "Aunt
Ellen," of Oxford, Pa., has found a remedy, given through the _Blade_.
She says:

"I have had a similar experience, and found the remedy by appealing to
my sisters through the press. There came many replies, but I tried the
advice of but one, and have never since had any difficulty about
getting the butter on time. My adviser said never to let the milk
stand longer than 24 hours, or 36 at most, before skimming. That plan
I have followed letting the night's milk stand 36 hours, and the
morning's milk 24 hours. Most butter makers claim that the quality of
the butter is better than if the milk is allowed to stand a longer
time. In cold weather, I think the temperature of the cream, when
churned, will bear to be higher than in summer. Sixty-six degrees is
about right."

=Butter Coloring, From Ten Years' Experience.=--Upon the subject of
artificial coloring for butter, I will give you the experience of Mrs.
"S. E. H.," of Circleville, O., also given in the _Blade_. Her remarks
are as follows:

"In answer to an inquiry how to color butter, I would say that I have
used _annatto_ for ten years, and find that it gives entire
satisfaction. I buy it by the ounce. Take a lump about the size of a
hickory nut and dissolve it in a cup of water. This will do several
churnings. When you have the cream in the churn, stir up and add one
tablespoonful, which will color 5 lbs. I expect to catch a "blowing
up" from some of the sisters, but we cannot make yellow butter in the
winter without it. If you make good, sweet butter the _annatto_ will
not injure, but improves the taste, for if an article doesn't look
good and appetizing, what is it good for? I am a farmer's wife, but I
have good bread and butter the year around, and sell an average of 10
lbs. of butter a week, receiving the highest market price."

_Remarks._--I can hardly understand why there should be any objection
to the use of _annatto_. I know that my mother used it for coloring
cheese when, from any cause, she thought the cheese would look better
with it. Webster says it is "a species of red, or yellowish-red dyeing
material, prepared from the seeds of a tree (Bixa orellana) belonging
to the tropical regions of America. It is used for coloring cheese and
butter." So whatever fault there is in its use must be charged to
Webster. But I agree fully with the Circleville lady's opinion, that
the _annatto_ will not injure the butter nor those who use it,
although for home consumption it need not be colored, but for what is
to be sold, will sell better, _i. e._, it will bring a higher price,
and will give better satisfaction to the consumer, if it is properly
colored; then, as it will not injure, why should it not be used,
especially in winter? But I would recommend those who do color their
butter, to use the _annatto_, preparing it themselves, as above, for
you know not what the preparations may contain which are offered for
sale, for this purpose, the _annatto_ alone is all that is necessary;
and in winter, I do think it is necessary.

But there may be some persons who will prefer the following plan of
coloring with carrots, such can take their choice. I take the item
from the _Germantown Telegraph_, in which it seems to have first been
published, quite a number of years ago, by which means the _Telegraph_
thinks the "Farmer's Wife" obtained it, reporting, or republishing,
through the _Western Rural_, from which the _Telegraph_ takes it up
again, and endorses, and tells how it came by it, at the first. With
this explanation, and the addition of my own endorsement, I will let
the _Telegraph_ tell its own story. Have no fears in trying either the
annatto or the carrots, as your convenience of obtaining the one or
the other may demand. It says under the head of coloring butter:

We notice in the _Western Rural_ a brief communication from a
"Farmer's Wife," describing her mode of coloring butter, which does
not at all injure, but adds to the flavor of the butter. It is simply
using the juice of the orange carrot, as follows: "For about 3 gals.
of cream take 6 or more good sized carrots, wash them and grate them
on a coarse grater; when grated pour on boiling water, which will
extract the color. Put the cream into the churn; strain the carrot
juice through coarse muslin into the cream, and churn. Should the
cream be warm enough, the carrot juice must be cool before using.
Aside from the coloring, the carrots give the butter a sweet taste,
similar to grass butter."

This is the statement, and we wish to add our endorsement to its
correctness in every respect. Some 15 years ago a neighbor asked us to
buy her butter, and after trying it, and finding it unusually good, we
engaged all she had to spare. Although it was in the midst of winter
when we commenced to take it, we found it not only to be equal to
grass butter, but to be similar to it in taste, and we decided that it
was equally as delicious. Being unable to discover the secret of its
excellence, we called upon our neighbor for information. She smiled
and said it was the way she always made the butter in the winter, as
did her mother and grandmother; and then went to describe the way it
was done, which was exactly in accordance with that of the "Farmer's
Wife" aforesaid--that is to say, grated orange carrot, boiling water,
straining it out, pouring into the churn, etc. We published the recipe
at the time, which was republished in a number of other papers, and
it is quite probable that this was the source whence the "Farmer's
Wife" derived her information.

Now this recipe is easy enough for anyone to adopt. It is as plain as
to make a cup of tea, and is equal to any so-called "gilt-edged
butter" that was ever made in the absence of pasturage. From this it
will be seen that there is no excuse for making the poor butter in
winter that we see so much of. The only expense is a few carrots at a
churning, and a few minutes of labor, which are overcome a half score
of times by the increased price of the butter sold.

=Butter Making, Good in Winter.=--There are a good many persons who
think they can not make good butter in winter because the yellow color
of summer is not imparted to that made in the winter, and hence that
it is not of so good a quality. But, to such persons, the above will
enable them to give their butter a proper color, and the following
from an old butter maker, S. F. Adams, will, no doubt, be found very
interesting, because practical, and certainly satisfactory. To the
inquiry of the editor of the _Farmer_, he makes the following full and
very instructive answer:

"At your request, I herewith give you our method of making butter in
winter. We keep 10 cows, part of them all natives, and part are
Jerseys. The feed is nice, early-cut hay, given twice a day,
regularly; I water them immediately after eating, when they usually
drink. Feed cornmeal, wheat bran, 1 qt. each, scalded, adding 2 qts.
of sweet skimmed milk, to each cow, twice a day. Bed freely with
sawdust and leaves. Give them all the salt they wish. We always milk
before feeding them, and always clean the stable before sitting down
to milk. We strain the milk through a cloth, then heat it to a
temperature of 130, then set in small pans, in which it never stands
over 36 hours, before skimming. The cream is kept in as cool a place
as possible, without freezing. The room we keep the milk in has an
even temperature by using a soap-stone stove. The milk is set on
circular racks attached to upright posts, 6 inches by 6, and 8 feet
long, slats nailed across 8 inches apart; a pivot in each post allows
the racks to swing around convenient for skimming or removing the
milk. The racks made thus will hold 64 pans. I skim twice a day, and
churn twice a week; the cream stands 12 hours after skimming, to
ripen, before we churn it. It is warmed by sweet, skimmed milk in the
churn, temperature 62. The butter is washed in 3 waters, then
weighed, allowing  oz. of salt to a pound of butter. I use the best
salt I can find in Boston. I use no tray, do not like them, but use a
butter-box with tight cover, instead. I want my butter, after it has
been salted, kept air-tight till lumped, then sent air-tight to
market. The hand is not allowed to touch it at all. We use a
butter-square, pound lumps, stamped, and sent twice a week to Boston.
Farmers who make a business of selling milk, do it the year round. Why
should not butter makers do the same? Some may say, "I can find no
market for it," but if they will make a nice article, they can find a
market. Why is it that seven-eighths of the butter that is sent to
market sells for only about 30 cents, when, if made as it ought to be,
it would bring about 40 cents, or more? Butter making, like other
work, is a trade, and how many dairymen have yet to learn the trade?
If a few men and a few women can make good butter and get a good price
for it, why cannot a large number do it, other things being equal? I
hear some one say, 'It is too hard work for the women; let the men do
it.' A man can make as good butter as a woman if he tries, and he
should do it when there is a large amount to be made."

_Remarks._--If dairymen or farmers who wish to make good butter in
winter will follow the instructions of this old butter maker, I have
not the slightest doubt but what they will succeed; but I wish to call
especial attention to the importance of sending to market twice a
week, for it matters not what pains may be taken to keep the butter
from becoming rancid, it never tastes so fresh and nice as when just
made. I speak, as it were, from a double experience upon this point,
_i. e._, by dealing in it and in eating it. I say, therefore, both in
summer and winter, what butter is to be sold, send it to the market as
soon as made, if you wish to obtain the best prices.

=Butter Not to be Gathered in the Churn, nor Washed in Water, but
Brine.=--At a meeting of the Ohio Dairyman's Association, Mr. Hawley,
of Syracuse, N. Y., said: "Butter should not be gathered in a churn,
nor should it be washed with water, but with brine. If the butter is
gathered in the churn it is spoiled by breaking and tearing down the
grain and making it salvy, whereas it should stand in the grain like
particles of steel. Brine will dissolve or cut the skins of the
pellicles, and they will then be washed out with the butter-milk,
instead of being left to putrify and spoil the aroma of the butter.

=Butter Not to be Worked Too Fast Nor Too Much.=--The _Journal of
Chemistry_, in relation to the working of butter, says: "Do not work
butter too much nor too fast. Work slowly until all salt is thoroughly
and evenly absorbed. Otherwise the butter will not be of uniform
color. Working it too fast will destroy the grain, and the butter
becomes salvy and lard-like in the texture. Let it stand or put it
away in the tray for 24 hours. Then work it enough to remove all the
buttermilk or surplus brine, so that the butter may become dry or like
a piece of cheese. Mould into rolls and set them away for 24 hours, or
until they become hard and firm. The cloth should now be put on, so as
to cover one end, while the other is left open for the stamp. The
cloth should be cut in pieces of exact size and dipped in brine, and
the butter rolled when the cloth is dripping wet. Butter should never
come in contact with the bare hand. When in bulk, it can be easily
handled with a ladle and flat paddle."

=To Make Butter Firm and Solid in Hot Weather.=--An exchange gives
information concerning a method in practice among the best English
butter-makers for rendering butter firm and solid during hot weather:
"Carbonate of soda, 1 teaspoonful, powdered alum, 1 teaspoonful, are
mixed, and at the time of churning put into such a quantity of cream
as will make about 20 lbs. of butter. The effect of this powder is to
cause the butter to become firm, and solid and sweet flavored. Its
action is upon the cream, and passes off with the buttermilk. The
ingredients of the powder should not be mixed until the time when it
is used."--_Harper's Weekly._

=Prize Butter, First and Second=--=How They Were Made.=--Charles S.
Sargent, of Brookline, who took the first prize at a recent fair at
Greenfield, Conn., reported his plan as follows: "The accompanying
sample of butter is made from a small herd of registered Jersey cows.
The cows are fed 1 qt. Indian meal, 2 qts. shorts,  bus. carrots, and
about 10 lbs. English hay each per day. The milk, which is set in
shallow pans, stands 24 hours before being skimmed, the temperature of
the milk being as near 62 Fahrenheit as it is possible to keep it.
In working this butter two rules are observed: 1. No water is ever
allowed to touch it; 2. The hands of the operators are never allowed
to touch it, wooden paddles being used to work it with. It is salted
with the best quality of table salt, and is not colored. It sells at
the present time at $1 per lb." The Farmington (Ct.) Creamery Company,
which took the second premium, explains as follows: "This butter was
made from the milk of four imported Guernsey cows, which were fed on
hay, sweet corn stalks, and 2 or 3 qts. daily of bran. It was made at
the Farmington Creamery, and set 24 hours in water in deep coolers.
The cream stood 24 hours before churning. The butter was salted at the
rate of  oz. of salt to the pound."

_Remarks._--You see the importance of not washing the butter with
water, but with brine; and also that it must not be handled with the
hands, but paddles or spatulas only.

=Butter to Keep During Hot Weather.=--Butter to be kept into hot weather
ought to be packed in jars, pressed in firmly, and a pickle made by
using common salt, 2 lbs.; saltpetre,  oz.; lump sugar, 2 ozs. to
each qt. of hot water needed. Pour the hot water upon the salt, etc.,
and stir until dissolved, and let stand till cold; then pour over the
butter, at least two inches in depth; it will keep it nicely. New ash
or oak firkins will do, but are not so good as stone jars.

II. A new flower-pot, washed clean, and wrapped with 2 or 3
thicknesses of wet cloth, is said, by turning it over a dish of
butter; to keep it as hard as if placed in an ice-box. The same with a
dish of milk. The cloth must be kept wet.

=Creamery, the Management and Advantage of in Butter-Making.=--The
management of a small creamery differs in no respect from that of a
well-appointed private dairy. The only respect in which a creamery is
different from a dairy is that it does the work of several dairies,
and in doing this work it greatly reduces the cost of making the
butter. If we follow up the season's work of a small creamery of, let
us say, 200 cows, we shall find that one person, with the partial help
of another, will be able to do all the work for this number of cows,
which would probably be otherwise done in 20 separate dairies. The
advantage is obvious. In place of 20 sets of pans, the use of 20
milk-rooms, 20 churns, and 20 pairs of hands in cleansing milk-pans
and other utensils, there is but one, and the labor and time of 18 or
19 persons are saved. Besides, the product is all alike, of even
quality, packed similarly, and marketed through one agent; so that all
through the work there is saving of labor and economy of expense.
This, of course, reduces the cost of making the butter to the least
possible amount, and at the same time raises the income to the highest
possible point. Instead of all the butter from these 20 small dairies
being sold at a village grocery, and put up in the old-fashioned
rolls, and being disposed of in trade, as was formerly the custom, at
a very low price, the aggregate product is sent off at short
intervals, and while fresh, in refrigerator cars, and, along with the
product of other creameries, packed in a similar manner in the same
kind of packages, and reaches the market in such a condition as to
realize the highest price. This is an advantage which is equal in
value to the saving of the cost, so that the patron of a creamery
enjoys the double benefit of the lessened cost and the increased
value. If dairymen lived before, it is not surprising that they can
make money now, under these considerable advantages.--_N. Y. Times._

=Milking Shed=--=Care and Kind of Milk Pails, etc.=--For summer dairying,
an open shed in which the cows can be tied, and given a few mouthfuls
of fresh green fodder after they are milked, and which should be
cleanly scraped after each milking, is a very great advantage, which
can also be utilized in winter for sheep or other stock. Then the milk
can be drawn free from dust and dirt "flicked" by the switching of the
cows' tails, as will happen with cows loose in a barn-yard. Moreover,
the milk-pails should be of tin and not of wood. An old wooden
milk-pail cannot be made clean by dint of any amount of scouring. Nor
should the milk-pail be used for any other purpose; but, as soon as
the milk is strained, the pail should be washed with cold water,
scalded and turned bottom upward upon a bench or on a stand.




MECHANICAL.


=1. BRASS, TO CLEAN.=--Nitric acid, 1 part; sulphuric acid  part; (half
as much) in a stone jar. DIRECTIONS.--"Have ready a pail of fresh
water, and a box of sawdust. Dip into the acid (or swab on), then into
the water (or swab on), and rub with the sawdust. A brilliant color is
immediate--if things are greasy, first dip into a strong solution of
potash or soda (or swab on), to cut the grease. It is used at the U.
S. arsenals, and considered the best in the world.

=2. How to Clean Brass, Copper, Tin, etc.=--The following mixture will
be found the best thing for cleaning brass, copper, tin, stair-rods,
taps, and even windows, and it is quite worth the trouble of making.
Whiting, pulverized rotten stone, and soft soap, each 1 lb.; vinegar,
1 cup, and as much water as makes it a thick paste; spirits of
turpentine  pint. DIRECTIONS.--Let it boil fully 10 minutes, and when
nearly cold, add the turpentine, and store in wide-mouthed pickle jars
of glass or stoneware. When to be used, put a very little on a rag,
and rub the article until it becomes bright. Polish with a soft
leather dipped in powdered bath-brick. Unless bath-brick is used, it
soon tarnishes.

=3. Brass, the Dirtiest, to Clean Very Quickly.=--Finely rubbed
bichromate of potassa, mixed with twice its bulk of sulphuric acid,
and an equal quantity of water, will clean the dirtiest brass very
quickly.

=4. Another.=--Clean brass with a paste made of oxalic acid, 1 oz.;
rotton stone, 6 oz.; and enough whale oil and spirits of turpentine,
in equal quantities to mix.

=5. Stained Brass, Silver, etc., to Clean.=--Whiting wet with aqua
ammonia will clean stains from brass or silver, and is excellent for
polishing door knobs of brass, or silver, faucets, fenders, rods, etc.

_Remarks._--All the foregoing are good, so take your choice of such as
you can obtain the handiest.

=1. Steam Pipes to Cover, to prevent loss of Heat.=--Coal ashes 4 parts
(qts. or bushels, no matter what the measure), sifted through a riddle
4 meshes to the inch; calcined plaster (of Paris), wheat flour, and
fine dry clay, each 1 part (1 measure of each of these is used to 4 of
ashes).

DIRECTIONS.--Mix ashes and fine clay together (with water), to the
thickness of thin mortar, in a mortar-trough; mix with calcined
plaster and flour together dry, and add to the ashes and clay mortar,
as you want to use is; put it on the pipes in two coats, according to
the size of the pipe. For a 6 inch pipe, 1st coat 1 inches thick, the
2nd coat about  inch. Afterwards finish with a hard finish, same as
for a room. About 2 hours will be required to set, on a hot pipe.

=2. Steam Pipes, Protection, Efficient and Cheap.=--A mechanic reports
through the _Detroit Post and Tribune_, a little different from the
above, you will see, using hair and leaving out the flour. He says:
"One hundred lbs. of clay are mixed with water, and 100 lbs. of fine
ashes added and well kneaded, then mix with one lb. of hair. This
mixture is well incorporated and allowed to stand until needed to use.
Just before using, 10 lbs. of ground plaster of Paris are mixed with
it. The mixture, of course, soon sets, and cannot be kept over 12
hours after the plaster is added."

_Remarks._--The clay should, no doubt, be dry, then made fine, else
allowance made for the moisture in it; and this latter makes no
distinction as to ashes, whether wood or coal. I think cleanly sifted
coal ashes preferable. The plaster of Paris, it will be seen, too, is
not calcined (dried in a hot kettle). If so done, it sets quicker,
which is its only advantage, and it may be an advantage, sometimes,
not to have it set too quick. The hair, I think, a decided advantage,
but it should be thoroughly whipped. If good for pipes, it must be
equally good for boilers.

="Zincing Iron" Without a Battery.=--The following is an excellent and
cheap method for preventing iron articles, exposed to the air, from
rust. They are to be first cleaned by placing them in open wooden
vessels, in water, containing  to 1 per cent. (" to 1 per cent.,"
means  to 1 pt., or part, to 100 pts. or parts, in the "wooden
vessel" of water), of common sulphuric acid, and allow them to remain
in it until the surface appears clean (bright), or may be rendered so
by scouring with a rag or wet sand. [This may be done in a revolving
cylinder by machinery.] According to the amount of acid, they may
require to remain in from 6 to 24 hours. [Then, if time is of any
account, use more acid up to 5 or 6 per cent.] Fresh acid must be
added according to the extent of use, and the amount of liquid; and
when this is saturated with the sulphate of iron (the rust of iron
from the articles being cleaned) it must be renewed. After removal
from this bath ("wooden vessel") the articles are rinsed in fresh
water and scoured until they acquire a clean metallic surface (become
"bright," as above remarked); and then they are to be placed in water,
in which a little slacked lime has been stirred, and kept there until
the next afternoon. When thus freed from rust, they are to be coated
with a thin film of zinc, while cold, by means of chloride (more
commonly called muriate) of zinc, which is made by filling
three-fourths full a glazed earthen vessel with muriatic acid, then
add zinc clippings (little pieces of zinc) until effervescence ceases.

[Effervescence is shown by the rising of bubbles; when these stop
rising, it has dissolved all the zinc it will cut, is saturated, as
chemists say, and is then called muriate of zinc, and is the same as
tinners use upon their seams before applying solder.]

"This liquid (muriate of zinc) is now to be turned off from the
undissolved zinc and preserved in glass vessels.

"For use, it is poured into a sheet zinc vessel, of suitable size and
shape for the objects or articles to be zinced, and about 1-30th part
of its weight of finely-powdered sal ammoniac is to be added. The
articles are to be immersed in this ("cold," as above mentioned), and
a scum of fine bubbles forming on their surface in from one to two
minutes, indicates the completion of this part of the operation. The
articles are next drained so the excess may flow back into the vessel.
The iron articles are thus coated with a thin film of zinc, and are to
be placed on clean sheet-iron plates, heated from beneath, until
perfectly dry, and then dipped piece by piece, with tongs, or other
means, into very hot, though not glowing molten zinc, for a short
time, until they acquire the temperature of the melted zinc, into
which they are being dipped. They are then removed and beaten, or
tapped lightly, to cause any excess of zinc to fall off, while yet
hot."

=Nickel Plating, Without Battery.=--"To a dilute solution of the
chloride of zinc--5 to 10 per cent.--(5 to 10 lbs. to 100 lbs. of
water)--enough sulphate of nickel is to be added to give the solution
a decidedly green color, and it is then to be heated to boiling in a
porcelain vessel. The heating makes the solution cloudy, but does not
injure it. The articles to be nickel plated are to be carefully
cleaned of rust or grease (see 1st receipt above for cleaning brass),
and then suspended in the solution from 30 to 60 minutes, the bath
being kept at a boiling temperature. When the articles are observed to
be uniformly coated, they may be removed, washed in water, in which a
little chalk is suspended, dried, and finally polished with chalk, or
other suitable material."

=Remarks.=--This discovery is credited to a Prof. Slatba, and will be
found valuable. Precipitated chalk is very fine, but rotten stone, as
in some of the above receipts for polishing brass, may be found
preferable. Zincing is done mostly on small cast-iron articles, while
this nickel-plating is used on a finer class of goods.

=Silver Plating, With a Battery.=--1. Dissolve 1 oz. of pure silver
(like old coin) in nitric acid, by pouring the acid upon the silver
until all is dissolved--perhaps 4 ozs. of acid to cut one of
silver--then dissolve salt in soft water until very strong; now pour
off this salt water into the acid and silver until all the silver
sinks to the bottom, scientists say, until all is "thrown down;" then
fill the jar or bottle with soft water, shake up, and let settle; then
pour off carefully, and fill again and again, for three times, shaking
well each time, or until there is no acid or taste of acid left. This,
if carefully done, without waste, gives you 1 oz. of silver in fine
powder.

2. In a suitable jar or dish, dissolve cyanide of potassium, 6 ozs. in
soft rain water, 2 qts., into which put the silver powder, which will
be dissolved therein, and this constitutes the plating solution.

3. In this solution the articles to be plated are to be suspended upon
a silver hook. And in this solution must also be suspended a plate
(generally in sheet form) or piece of pure silver, with about as much
surface as there is surface to the articles to be plated, as it is
necessary to keep the strength of the solution up to the standard--the
silver, therefore, that is deposited upon the articles being plated,
dissolved off of the "plate, sheet, or piece of pure silver," as it is
deposited upon the articles--the solution remaining full strength and
ready for continued use. Of course the "battery" is connected with
this "plating solution."

_Remarks._--The battery used is the same as used by telegraphers, who
will instruct one how to prepare and "connect" it. All articles to be
plated must be freed from grease with a solution of potash or soda, as
in the above processes. This is from a friend in Ann Arbor, whom I
know to be reliable from over 25 years' acquaintance.

=Steel=--=To Temper Very Hard.=--Take water, 2 measures--no matter what
size--wheat flour,  measure, and 1 of common salt.

DIRECTIONS.--Mix into a paste; heat the steel to be hardened enough to
coat with the paste--by immersing it in the composition--after which
heat it to a cherry-red and plunge it in cold, soft water. If properly
done, the steel will come out with a beautiful white surface, and very
hard.

_Remarks._--It is said that this is the process by which Stubbs' files
are tempered, which are recommended below, for drilling glass.

=1. Steel and Iron Machinery=--=To Keep from Rusting.=--Powdered camphor
gum,  oz.; lard, 1 lb.; a little black lead.

DIRECTIONS.--Dissolve the gum in the lard by heat; remove the scum,
stir in just black lead enough to give an iron shade. Rub this over
cleaned steel or iron machinery of any kind, and leave on 24 hours;
then rub with a soft linen cloth, and it is safe from rust for a long
time.

=Iron or Steel Varnish=--=To Prevent Rust.=--Rosin, 120 parts (drs., ozs.,
or lbs.); gum sandarach, 180; gum lac (shellac), 60; spirits of
turpentine, 120; and alcohol, 180 parts.

DIRECTIONS.--Pulverize the three first articles and melt together; and
gradually (and carefully, to avoid taking fire), add the turpentine,
continuing the heat until all are again dissolved (if they harden) in
the turpentine; then add the alcohol, and filter through a fine cloth
(muslin) or thick filtering paper, bottle and cork for
use--_Manufacturer and Builder._

_Remarks._--The straining or filtering indicates its intention for
fine articles; without it, it would do for outside railings or
ornamentation; and if desired black, for iron balustrades, fence,
etc., add a little fine lamp-black, which will adapt it to such work,
and look very nicely. See also Black Paint--How to Make for Iron Work.

=2. Steel=--=Rust Upon=--=To Remove.=--Cover the steel for a couple of days
with sweet oil; then with finely-powdered unslaked lime (known as
"quick" lime), rub the steel until all the rust is removed; re-oil to
prevent further rust.--_Indian Domestic Economy._

=3. Another= plan is, to place the rusty article in a bowl of kerosene,
else to wrap the steel in a cloth well wet with kerosene, and let it
remain 24 hours, or more; then scour the rusty spots in brick dust.

_Remarks._--If brick dust is used, bath or bristol brick would be
best, but the powdered unslacked lime would be better than either, as
it has an active power in itself of removing rust, and if time cannot
be given, this powdered quick-lime, and the sweet oil or the kerosene,
will remove it in a few minutes, by thorough rubbing; so will it with
ammonia. Always apply oil, or some of the oily mixtures, at the last,
to prevent the rust from deeper penetration.

=4. Steel Dinner Knives=--=Rust to Remove.=--Cover the steel with sweet
oil, well rubbed in; let them remain 48 hours, and then using unslaked
lime, finely powdered, rub the knife till all the rust has
disappeared.

_Remarks._--I should not like to go without my meals while this
process is going on; hence I would let them lie over night only, and
risk the job at that.

=5. Steel Apparatus, and Fine Instruments=--=To Preserve Their Polish, by
Preventing Rust.=--Prof. Olmsford, of Yale College, says: "This is done
effectually, by melting slowly together, lard, 6 or 8 oz., and rosin,
1 oz.; and stirring till cool. It can be wiped off nearly clean, if
desired, as in a case of knife blades, or it can be thinned with coal
oil or benzine. The surface should be bright and dry, when applied, as
it does not prevent oxidation (rusting) already commenced."

_Remarks._--If any spots of rust, remove first with the sweet oil and
piece of quick-lime, as below. And remember there must be no salt in
the lard.

=Steel, or Iron Buckles, Jewelry, etc.=--=To Clean.=--Take a piece of
unslaked lime, free from grit or hard specks, and touch it to sweet
oil, then rub them with it, and finish with chamois or buckskin. For
ornamental jewelry, see next below.

=1. Jewelry, Ornaments, Gold Chains, etc.=--=To Clean.=--Wash in soap
suds; rinse in diluted alcohol (half water, half alcohol), and lay in
a box of dry sawdust to dry; then rubbing with the sawdust, is a nice
way to clean such goods.

=2. Gilded, Washed, or Plated Jewelry=--=To Clean.=--Henry M. M. Morison,
of Wis., says: "The work of cleansing gilt articles is a delicate
task, but they may be cleaned by rubbing them very gently with a soft
sponge or brush, dipped in a solution of borax,  oz., to water, 1 lb.
(a pt. is a lb. the world around); then rinsing in pure water and
drying with a soft linen rag."

=3. Another.=--To clean gilt jewelry, put cyanide of potassium, 1 oz. to
boiling water,  pt., and when cold, add aqua ammonia,  oz., and
alcohol, 1 oz., brush gently the articles with this compound. Rinse
and dry with a cloth, chamois, buckskin, or sawdust, as in No. 1
above.

_Remarks._--Cyanide of potash is poison, so don't let children drink
it nor get it into a sore spot when using it.

=4. Silverware=--=to Keep its Original Lustre.=--The proprietor of one of
the oldest silverware houses in Philadelphia says: "Housekeepers ruin
their silverware by washing it in soapsuds, which destroys the
original lustre, and makes it look like pewter. When it needs
polishing," he says, "take a piece of soft leather (chamois) and
whiting, and rub hard."

_Remarks._--When, of course, never use soap in cleaning it, but take
the following:

=5. Silverware, to Wash.=--"Put aqua ammonia, 1 tea-spoonful to very hot
water, 1 pt., and wash quickly with a small soft brush, kept for the
purpose only, and dry with a clean linen towel; then rub very dry with
chamois. Washed in this manner silverware becomes again brilliant, and
requires no polishing with any of the powders, or whiting usually
employed, and lasts much longer."

_Remarks._--Nothing could be more sensible, still the following is
also sensible:

=6. Silverware, Knives and Forks, Tin, etc., to Brighten after
cleaning.=--Put the finishing touch to them by rubbing with old, dry
newspaper. It is a fine polisher. Some of the receipts are quite
domestic, but still they are equally mechanical.

=Silvering Powder.=--Chloride of silver, 1 dr.; potassa alum, 2 drs.;
common salt and cream of tartar, each, 1 oz.

DIRECTIONS.--First dip the article to be silvered into a strong
solution of salt in water, then rub with the powder; wash and dry with
a soft cloth, and polish with any of the above plans.

_Remarks._-Druggists in small places may say there is no "potassa
alum," but there is, and also "ammonia alum."

=Zinc, to Clean.=--Take sulphuric acid, 1 oz.; water 2 ozs.

DIRECTIONS.--Wash quickly with the mixture, rinse immediately with
water, wipe dry with a cloth, and polish with whiting; brightens it
nearly equal to new.

=Soldering German Silver.=--To solder German silver, pour out some
spirits of salt into an earthen dish, and put a piece of zinc in it.
Then scrape the parts clean that are to be soldered, and paint over
with the spirits of salt. Next put a piece of pewter solder on the
joint and apply the blow-pipe to it. Melt five parts of German silver
and four parts of zinc into thin cakes, then powder it for
solder.--_Rural New Yorker._

_Remarks._--The phrase, "spirits of salt," is the old name for
muriatic acid, as now called; and all the zinc should be put in that
the acid will dissolve; then it is called "muriate of zinc," which is
what is to be put on. Where he says, "Then scrape the parts clean that
are to be soldered, and paint over with the spirits of salt." This
"muriate of zinc" is the proper "flux," or solution for all soldering.
See Soldering Cast Iron, next below, calling for the "muriatic acid."
It should be kept corked and away from children, as it is
poisonous--eats or destroys clothing, as well as flesh, hence apply
with a swab.

=2. Soldering Cast Iron.=--A paper called the _Engineer_ says that
soldering cast iron is generally considered to be very difficult, but
it is only a question of thoroughly making bright the surface to be
soldered, and using good solder and clean swab, with muriatic acid.

_Remarks._--The muriate of zinc is the article to use in this, as in
all other solderings.

=Glass Globes, to Clean.=--If the globes are much stained by smoke, soak
them in tolerably hot water with a little washing soda dissolved in
it, then put a tea-spoonful of powdered carbonate of ammonia into a
pan of lukewarm water, and with a tolerably hard brush wash the globes
till the smoke stain disappears; rinse in clean, cold water, and let
them drain till dry. They will be quite white and clear.

_Remarks._--Aqua ammonia, which is more likely to be in the house,
will do as well, but a tea-spoonful of either is not enough for a "pan
of water," but only for a pint of water or one quart at most.

=1. White Paint, to Clean.=--Take a small quantity of fine whiting on a
damp piece of flannel; rub gently over the soiled surface and the
effect will almost equal the original purity.

_Remarks._--See the next receipt for washing off, if needed.

=2. Oil-painted Surfaces, to Clean.=--Take a piece of soft flannel, put
it in warm water, and squeeze it till it feels dry; next dip gently on
to some very finely pulverized French chalk, and rub the painted
surface with the flannel; the effect will be the removal of all dust,
greasy matter, and dirt; the surface is next washed with a clean
sponge and water, and dried with a piece of wash-leather. The method
does not injure the paint like soap, and produces a very good result.

_Remarks._--Wash-leather is split sheep-skin, prepared as chamois, and
used for the same purposes, very properly, too, because much cheaper.

=Tracing Paper, to Make.=--To wet common drawing paper, or any other
kind, with benzine, it becomes transparent immediately, and can be
placed over a drawing, or picture, to be transferred, by tracing with
a pencil, ink, or water-colors, which will not spread nor run upon its
surface. This is condensed from the _Engineering and Mining Journal_,
and may be relied upon. If the work is not completed before the paper
loses its transparency by evaporation of the benzine, you can dampen
that part again, to complete it. This is a new discovery, and
valuable.

=1. Glass, to Break as You Like.=--File a little notch in the edge, at
the point you wish to break from; then put a suitably shaped red-hot
iron upon the notch, and draw, slowly, in the direction you wish. A
crack will follow the iron, caused by the heat, if not drawn too
fast.

=2. Glass, to Drill.=--To drill glass, use a file drill, and keep it wet
with a mixture of camphene and spirits of turpentine. Heretofore
turpentine has been used alone. The camphene helps to give the drill a
better bite.--_Scientific American._

_Remarks._--It is claimed that a Stubb's triangular, or 3-square file,
ground to a proper shape, makes the best drill for glass, and some
have claimed that water only or turpentine, do equally well to keep
the glass wet with. Again, turpentine with garlic juice in it, is
claimed to be the best. The file must be ground so that the edge is
sharp, and the width that the hole is to be. The file, perhaps, had
best not be heated, as the temper can seldom be made equal to that of
the maker, (if Stubbs tempers his files as given on page 721, why can
not any good blacksmith do it?) but if heated, while hot shape it to
suit, then retemper as Stubbs is said to do? A man in Jackson, Mich.,
claimed, in writing to the _Scientific American_, that he had drilled
4 holes through  inch plate glass in 15 minutes, and that water was
equally as good as turpentine to keep wet with.

=1. Furniture, Black Walnut Stain.=--Take 1 pt. of very thin glue, its
adhesiveness being just perceptible between the thumb and fingers. Put
into it 1 tea-spoonful of raw umber, stir it well, and put on warm
with a sponge or brush. When dry, brush off and varnish, or,

=2.= Take 1 tea-spoonful of Venetian red and  tea-spoonful of
lamp-black, mix into a paste and then dilute with 1 pt. of glue-water,
as before.--_Journal of Chemistry_.

=3. Ebony, or Black Stain Upon Pine, or Other Soft Woods.=--Make a
strong decoction of logwood by boiling, and apply boiling hot, 3 or 4
times according to the shade desired, allowing it to dry between
applications; then apply a solution of acetate of iron. This is made
by putting iron filings into good vinegar. These penetrate the wood
deeply, and are very black, or less deep, according to the number of
applications.

=4. Polish, Fine, For Furniture.=--Linseed oil, and old ale, each  pt.;
the white of 1 egg, beaten; alcohol, and muriatic acid, each 1 oz.,
mix.

DIRECTIONS.--Dust the furniture, shake the polish, and apply with a
wad of batting or cotton flannel, and finish with an old silk
handkerchief.

_Remarks._--This, and any of the others, will keep any length of time,
if corked.

=5. Polish to Brighten Old Furniture, Pianos, etc.=--Dissolve orange
shade, gum shellac, 4 oz. in 95 per cent. alcohol, 1 qt.; spirits of
turpentine, 1 pt.; shake and also add sulphuric ether, and aqua
ammonia, each 4 oz. Shake well when used, rubbing until a polish
appears.--_Good Cheer._

=6. Polish, Simple.--=Equal parts of spirits of turpentine, linseed oil,
and good vinegar, mixed, and rubbed on with flannel, until polished,
is excellent. Some persons prefer sweet-oil instead of the
linseed.--_Moore's Rural New Yorker._

_Remarks._--For the sweet-oil, see the next receipt.

=7. Polish, Excellent and Good.=--To make a good polish for furniture,
take alcohol, good vinegar and sweet-oil, equal parts of each, or a
little more of the last. Shake the bottle well, daily, for three
weeks, when it is fit for use, but the longer it stands, the better it
is. The furniture be must be rubbed till the polish is dry. Apply
every 2 or 3 months; and rub the furniture with a dry cloth every time
it is dusted. For dining-room tables and sideboards, use the polish
every week, as it makes them beautifully bright.

_Remarks._--White-wine vinegar, when it can be got, is considered the
best.

=8. Polish For Pianos, etc.=--Raw linseed oil (raw, which is unboiled
oil, the kind intended in all, except the last one given), 1 qt.;
spirits of turpentine,  pt.; alcohol, benzine, and aqua ammonia,
each, 4 oz. Shake when applied, and rub well.

=9. Polish, Cheap and Good.=--Gum shellac and rosin, each 2 oz.;
alcohol, 1 pt.; mix and let stand 24 hours, or until dissolved,
shaking occasionally; then add spirits of turpentine, 3 pts.; boiled
linseed oil, 2 qts.; red analine, 15 grs.; oil of citronella,  oz.
Shake well when used. Apply with cotton flannel.

_Remarks._--This is given in large quantities, as it has been made and
sold extensively. The analine is only to color, and the citronella to
flavor.

=Furniture, Upholstered, Carpets, Furs, Flannels, Etc.=--=The Trade
Secret for Ridding of Moths.=--A trade secret among upholsterers for
ridding furniture, etc., of moths, is the following: "A set of
furniture that seemed to be alive with the larv, and from which
hundreds of these pests had been picked and brushed, was set into a
room by itself. Three gallons of benzine was purchased, at 30 cents a
gallon, retail. Using a small watering pot, with a fine
rose-sprinkler, the whole upholstery was saturated through and through
with the benzine. Result: Every moth, larv and egg was killed. The
benzine dried out in a few hours, and its entire odor disappeared in 3
or 4 days. Not the slightest harm happened to the varnish, or wool, or
fabric, or hair-stuffing. That was months ago, and not a sign of a
moth has since appeared. The carpets were also sprinkled all around
the sides of the room, with equally good effect. For furs,
flannels--indeed, all woolen articles containing moths,--benzine is
most valuable. Put them in a box, sprinkle them with benzine, close
the box tightly, and in a day or two the pests will be exterminated,
and the benzine will all evaporate on opening. In using benzine great
care should be taken that no fire is near by, as it is very
inflammable.--_Tecumseh_ (Mich.) _Herald_.

_Remarks._--There is not a doubt of this fact, for I know that benzine
is "death to bed-bugs," and so is gasoline, which may be equally good
for moths, and being much cheaper, is worthy of trial. It will
evaporate, too, as quickly as the benzine.

=1. Paint=--=Cheap, as Used at Iowa College, Suitable for Fences, Cheap
Buildings, Tenement Houses, Etc.=--Crude petroleum, 3 parts--qts. or
gals.--boiled linseed oil, 1 part, with "mineral paint," for body.

_Remarks._--A report having got into some of the papers, that such a
paint had been used on some of the college buildings, an inquiry about
its value led Prof. S. A. Knapp to make the following explanation. He
says:

"Five buildings and considerable fence upon the Iowa Agricultural
College Farm, have been painted with this preparation. Upon some of
them it has been one year, and thus far it has appeared to be fully
equal to more expensive paints, in body, durability and in retention
of color. It is especially adapted to cheap outbuildings, covered with
rough boards. If 25 lbs. of white lead be added to each 100 lbs. of
mineral paint, the mixture answers a very excellent purpose for
tenement houses. [I see another writer claims that 1 lb. of lead to 4
lbs. of mineral paint, is sufficient.] Many experienced painters have
examined the buildings covered with this paint, and affirmed it made a
better covering than pure lead and oil. This is doubtless an extreme
view. It may, however, fairly be considered as a reliable paint for
protection of the fences and cheaper farm buildings.

=2. Black Paint=--=How to Make for Iron Fences, Balustrades, Farm
Implements, etc.=--Coal tar, 2 qts.; benzine, or benzole, 1 qt., or a
little more, to thin it, to lay on nicely with a brush. As the benzine
is very evaporative, make no more than is to be used at the
time.--_Industrial Monthly._

_Remarks._--This is claimed to be more durable than oil and lamp-black
paints, even where that was varnished, having been in use three years
when the report was made.

=3. Paints for Floors.=--A writer claims there "is but one paint
suitable for floors, and this is French ochre. And, 1st, if the boards
have shrunk, clean out the cracks, and, with a small brush, give them
a heavy coat of boiled linseed oil, then putty them solid and smooth.
2d. Paint the whole floor with a mixture of much boiled oil and little
ochre for the first coat; then after it is well dried, give two more
coats of much ochre and little oil; and finally finish with a coat of
first-rate copal varnish. It is extremely durable for floors, windows,
or outside, such as verandas, porticoes and the like. A floor stain,
he continues, is best mixed in oil, and finally varnished."

_Remarks._--If "a floor stain is best mixed in oil and varnished,"
take the following:

=4. Floor Stain.=--"Boiled linseed oil, 1 gal.; 5 cts. worth, or 2
heaping table-spoonfuls of burnt umber; heat the oil hot in an iron
kettle--soap will clean it easily--then stir in the finely powdered
umber, and with an old paint brush apply it as hot as you can; then
says a lady in the _Blade_, farewell scrubbing. A mop, wrung out of
warm water will clean it nicely."

_Remarks._--This amount was given for a floor 14 to 16 feet square;
but it is about twice as much as needed if only one coat is to be
given. The following receipt may be liked better, as it has spirits of
turpentine in it, which causes it to penetrate the wood more deeply;
and it has some "dryer" also, which makes it dry quicker than without
it. It was given in the Detroit _Pest and Tribune_, coming from a
painter, as follows:

=5. Stain Black Walnut for a Pine Floor, Light Shade.=--"For an ordinary
sized room, boiled oil and spirits of turpentine, each 1 qt.; dryer,
1 gill (4 ozs.); burnt umber,  lb. Mix thoroughly and thin, or your
floor will be black as your shoes nearly. [Then put in sufficient of
the umber to give the shade desired.] If the floor is not to be
varnished, use turpentine, 1 pt. only, and boiled oil, 3 pts., to make
it more glossy."

=6. Paints, Flexible, for Canvas.=--Yellow soap, thinly sliced, 2 ozs.;
boiling water, 1 gals. Dissolve the soap by more heat, if necessary;
and grind the whole solution, while hot, with 125 lbs. of good oil
paint. Keep same proportions for any amount needed.

=7. Paint, Old, to Remove.=--Stone lime, 3 ozs.; pear lash, or
saleratus, 1 oz.

DIRECTIONS.--Slack the lime with water, and mix in the pearlash, or
saleratus, using only water enough to make a paste. Spread this upon
the paint to be removed, and let it remain over night, or until soft,
when it can all be scraped off.--_Scientific American._

_Remarks._--Where pearlash or saleratus cannot be obtained, sal soda
may take their place.

=Fire-proof wash for Shingle Roofs.=--Freshly slacked lime, salt and fine
sand, or wood ashes, equal parts, made into a wash and put on freely
as any ordinary whitewash is done, is said to render shingles
fifty-fold more safe against taking fire from falling cinders, or
otherwise, in case of a fire in the vicinity.--_Fireman's Journal._

=1. Cement, Crystal, or Liquid Glue for General Purposes.=--"Hard water,
3 qts.; white glue, 3 lbs.; dry white lead,  lb.; aqua ammonia, 1
oz.; spirits of camphor, 2 ozs.; salt, 1 heaping table-spoonful;
alcohol, 1 qt.; gum shellac,  lb.

DIRECTIONS.--Put the shellac into the alcohol until dissolved.
Dissolve the glue in the water by putting into a tin dish and setting
into a pan of hot water to prevent burning the glue, till dissolved;
then put the glue water and shellac, dissolved in the alcohol,
together in a pan or kettle, to allow all to be brought to a boiling
heat, stir in the powdered white lead; then the ammonia and spirits of
camphor, and lastly the salt; stir and boil a few minutes, and bottle
while hot.

_Remarks._--This receipt was sent to me by Albert Stockwell, of Flint,
Mich., who, in canvassing for my receipt books, always carried this
cement with him, for sale, to help in his expenses. He spoke very
highly of its great strength as a cement.

=2. Cement for Iron Works.=--It is sometimes advisable to fix two pieces
of iron, as pipes for water or steam, firmly together as a permanency.
A rust cement is frequently used, and the materials are sal ammoniac,
sulphur and iron borings. If the cement is desired to act quickly, the
proportions should be: Sal ammoniac, 1 part by weight; sulphur, 2
parts; iron borings, 200 parts. The sal ammoniac and sulphur should be
pulverized, and the borings of iron tolerably fine and free from oil.
The mixture should be made with water to a conveniently handled paste.
The theory of its action is simply union by oxidation.

=3. Cement for Leather.=--Sulphite of carbon, 10 parts; spirits of
turpentine, 1 part; into which, in a suitable bottle, put finely cut
shreds of pure gutta-percha, to make a thickly-flowing liquid. To
remove grease from the belts or leather to be joined, put a cloth upon
it, and apply a hot iron for a while; then apply the cement to both
surfaces, put together, and apply pressure until dry.

=4. Cement for Rubber, and to Fasten Rubber to Metal, Glass, and Other
Smooth Surfaces.=--"Powdered shellac is softened to ten times its
weight of strong water of ammonia, whereby a transparent mass is
obtained, which becomes fluid, after keeping some little time, without
the use of hot water. In three or four weeks the mixture is perfectly
liquid, and when applied, it will be found to soften the rubber. As
soon as the ammonia evaporates the rubber hardens again--it is said,
quite firmly--and thus becomes impervious both to gases and to
liquids. For cementing sheet rubber or rubber material in any shape to
metal, glass, or other smooth surfaces, the cement is highly
recommended."

=II. Cement for Rubber Goods, Fastening Rubber Soles, Leather Patches,
Straps, etc.=--Fill a bottle one-tenth full of native Indian rubber
(gutta-percha) cut in minute shreds; pour in benzole till the bottle
is three quarters full; shake every few days until the mixture is as
thick as honey. This dries quickly. It is useful to mend rubber shoes
or any other rubber goods, as a water and air tight cement for
bottles--simply dipping the corks into it--and for a hundred other
purposes. Three coats of this will unite leather straps, patches, and
rubber soles with firmness. To make a patch invisible, shave the edge
of the leather quite thin.

=5. Cement, Similar to that upon Postage Stamps, Gummed Labels, etc.,
Good for Scrap Books, Labeling on Tin, Glass, etc.=--Dextrine, 2 ozs.;
acetic acid and alcohol, each,  oz.; water, 2 ozs.

DIRECTIONS.--Mix the dextrine, acetic acid, and water, stirring until
thoroughly mixed; then add the alcohol. For attaching labels to tin,
first rub the surface with a mixture of equal parts of muriatic acid
and alcohol; then apply the label gummed with a very thin coating of
the cement, and it will adhere almost as well as on glass. A thin coat
only is need on "scraps" for scrap books.

_Remarks._--Knowing the value of a paste, or cement, somewhat similar
to this, where the adhesion depended upon the dextrine, I have every
confidence in this for all the purposes named.

=6. Cement for Small Leaks in Steam Boilers.=--Experiments have shown
the following to be effectual for stopping small leaks from the seams
of boilers, pipes, etc. Mix equal parts of air-slaked lime and fine
sand, and finely-powdered litharge equal to both the first. Keep the
powder dry, in a bottle or a covered box. When wanted to apply, mix,
as much as needed, to a paste, with boiled linseed oil, and apply
quickly, as it soon hardens.

=II. Cement, Steam-Tight and Water-Tight, for Joints.=--Pure white and
red leads, equal parts mixed with boiled linseed oil to the
consistency required, has been extensively used for this purpose.

=Steam Boilers, to Prevent Incrustation from Becoming Hard.=--A bar of
zinc having accidentally been left in a steam boiler, when under
repairs, it was afterwards found to have disappeared, or dissolved, by
which the incrustations, instead of becoming hard, were muddy and
soft, and hence easily removed. This proves that the zinc, and iron of
the boiler, forms a battery, the zinc being consumed, while the iron
is protected, which is claimed to be a valuable discovery in
engineering. The size of the bar of zinc would necessarily depend upon
the size of the boiler, and how long the run was to be between
cleanings.

=Nails, to Drive Into Hard-Seasoned Timber.=--The editor of the _New
Genesee Farmer_ gives the following account of witnessing an
experiment of driving nails into hard-seasoned timber, fairly dried:
"The first two nails, after passing through a pine board, entered
about an inch only into the hard wood, then doubled down under the
hammer; but on dipping the points of six or eight nails into lard,
every one was driven home without the least difficulty."

_Remarks._--Carpenters who are engaged in repairing old buildings
sometimes carry a small lump of tallow for the purpose on one of their
boots or shoes.

=Calcimining.=--Take four lbs. of Paris white, put it in a pail, cover
it with cold water, and let it stand over night. Put into a kettle 4
oz. of glue, and cover it also with cold water. In the morning set the
glue on the stove, and add enough warm water to make 1 qt.; stir it
until dissolved. Add the glue to the Paris white, and pour in warm
water till the pail is three-quarters full. Then add bluing, a little
at a time, stirring it well till the mixture is slightly bluish. Use a
good brush, and go over one spot on the wall till it is thoroughly
wet. If your brush dries quickly, add more warm water, as the mixture
is too thick. The brush must be kept wet. This mixture costs
thirty-eight cents.--_Scientific American._

=Sewing Machine Oil, to Make, and How to Use.=--Take the best paraffine
oil and the best sperm oil, equal parts. Mix.

=To Use.=--Clean off the old oil with benzine or kerosene, then apply.
This I obtained from a sewing-machine agent, who said he had
manufactured and sold much of this oil, having been in the business
over 14 years. Machines should be cleaned and re-oiled as often as
they become the least gummy.




MISCELLANEOUS RECIPES.


=WASHING FLUID=--=Labor-Saving and Not Injurious.=--Concentrated lye, 1
lb., muriate of ammonia, and salts of tartar, each 2 ozs.; rain water,
2 gals. DIRECTIONS--Dissolve the lye (here is a _lie_, indeed, as lye
proper is a fluid, but this _concentrated_ lye is a solid potash) in 1
gal. of the water and the salts of tartar, and muriate of ammonia in
the other gal. of water, and put all into a 2 gallon stone jug, cork
and shake, when it is ready for use. Put a suitable amount of water
into your boiler for boiling your clothes; and when it is of a proper
heat to put in the clothes, if they are very dirty, stir in 1 small
teacup of the fluid, stirring well before putting in the clothes; if
not very dirty,  cup will be plenty; add half as much more to each
additional boiler, if more than one is to be used at the same time.

=New Mode of Washing, Saving Time, Labor and Fuel.=--"The ill effects of
soda on linen have given rise to a new method of washing, which has
been extensively adopted in Germany, and introduced into Belgium. The
operation consists in dissolving 2 lbs. of soap in about 3 gals. of
water as hot as the hand can bear, and adding to this 1 teaspoon of
turpentine and 3 of liquid ammonia; the mixture must be then well
stirred, and the linen steeped in it for 2 or 3 hours, taking care to
cover up the vessel containing them as closely as possible. The
clothes are afterward washed out and rinsed in the usual way. The soap
and water may be reheated and used a second time, but in that case 
teaspoonful of turpentine and 1 teaspoonful of ammonia must be added.
The process is said to cause a great economy of time, labor and fuel.
The linen scarcely suffers at all, as there is little necessity for
rubbing, and its cleanliness and color are perfect. The ammonia and
turpentine, although their detersive (cleansing) action is great, have
no injurious effect upon the linen; and while the former evaporates
immediately, the smell of the latter disappears entirely, during the
drying of the clothes."--_Rural New Yorker._

=Washing Fluid, Requiring but Little Boiling or Rubbing.=--"Camphor gum,
 oz., dissolved in alcohol,  pt.; borax  lb.; sal soda, 1 lb.;
dissolve the borax and sal soda in hot rain water, 1 gal., and stir in
the others, and put into a 2 gallon jug, having 1 gal. of cold rain
water in it, cork and shake, when it is ready for use.
DIRECTIONS.--Put  cup of this to 1 pt. of soft soap, and apply to the
dirty parts of the clothing, and soak in warm water  an hour, or
while breakfast is passing; need not then boil over 5 minutes. Washing
will be done in half the ordinary time. Does not rot clothing, but
makes it white. Table-cloths stained with tea, coffee, or fruit, throw
into boiling water a few minutes, when they will be free from stains
(I have seen statements to pour hot water through such spots would
free them from the stain), while soap or suds when the clothes are dry
will set the stains permanently."--_Germantown (Pa.) Telegraph._

=Flannels, To Wash and Dry, Without Shrinking.=--Flannels should be
washed with as little rubbing as possible; or, better still, pounding
without any rubbing at all, and drying rapidly, and pulling freely,
both length-wise and across the goods, if you would avoid shrinkage.

=Washing Muslins, Cambrics, and Calicoes.=--Stir some of the starch,
after it is prepared for use, into the water in which any of these
goods are to be washed.

Or, soak them a while in water in which you have put 1 or 2
tablespoonfuls of salt to a pail of water.

=For Black and White Calicoes.=--A cup or two of weak lye to a pail of
water is best for soaking in.

=For Pink or Green.=--One or 2 table-spoonfuls of good vinegar to the
pail of water is best.

=For Purple or Blue.=--Use sal soda, or borax, in powder, 1 or 2
table-spoonfuls to a pail of water; but, now, if you use the washing
fluid, above, soak them a little in that, and wash out, as usual, it
saves all these troubles with the different colors.

=Ribbons, to Wash.=--Wash ribbons in cold suds--not very strong, and do
not rinse.

=Silk, Cashmere and Black Alpaca Dresses, to Cleanse.=--Dissolve a
table-spoonful of powdered borax in 1 qt. of warm water (soft water),
and after dusting thoroughly brush such parts as need it, or the
whole, if much worn, and iron on the wrong side.

=Black Silk, Alpaca, Serge, and Lawn Dresses, to do Over.=--The
following on the care and manner of doing over black silk, cashmere,
alpaca, serge and lawn dresses, which is taken from _Harper's Bazar_,
is well worth a place here, and will be found worthy of consideration
by every woman into whose hands this book shall come. It says:

"No lady should ever don her alpaca, cashmere or serge without giving
it a thorough dusting with broom or brush. Dust permitted to settle in
the folds of pleat or shirring will soon be impossible to remove
entirely, and give the whole gown that untidy air so much to be
deprecated in everything pertaining to a lady's person.

"But after constant use for months, or maybe a year, the most
carefully kept black dress will begin to show the effects of use, in a
certain rustiness of hue and general dinginess of aspect, if no place
actually rubbed or worn. Now is the time to expend a little skill and
ingenuity in its renovation, when the economist may be rewarded by
coming out in an old dress made new, sure of eliciting the admiration
of at least all those who are in the secret. For the undertaking
provide yourself with ten cents' worth of soap bark, procurable at an
herb or drug store, and boil it in 1 qt. of hot water. Let it steep a
while, and then strain into a basin for use. If the job is to be a
perfect and thorough one, take the body and sleeves apart and to
pieces; rip off the trimming from skirt and over skirt. Brush off all
loose dust first, and then, with a sponge dipped in the soap bark
decoction, wipe over each piece thoroughly, folding up as you proceed.
Have ready a ladies' skirt board, for pressing, and well heated irons.
Smooth every piece on the wrong side, including even silk trimmings;
and when you have once more put it together you will be amazed to see
the results of the simple process. One advantage in taking the whole
dress apart is that, by putting the trimming on in some style a little
different from what it was at first, the attraction of novelty is
added to make the effect more pleasing. If one has not time, however,
to go through the whole process, a dress may be greatly improved by
being wiped over with this mixture (or the borax water above), and
pressed on the wrong side while damp--indeed, for a time, it will look
quite as good as new. The process may be repeated from time to time,
as shall be advisable. I have seen a cashmere, which had been worn two
whole winters, taken apart and treated in this way, and the closest
observer would have supposed the dress to have been put on for the
first time, such was its soft, fresh look, and the vividness of its
black. Grenadine may be submitted to the same sort of cleaning with
fine results.

"When a black lawn has become limp, tumbled, and generally
forlorn-looking, the best mode of treatment to subject it to is first
a submersion in a pan of warm water, colored highly with indigo; then
exposure to the air until just dampness enough is left to enable one
to press it to advantage with a hot iron; and if this is carefully
done, always on the wrong side, the lawn will come forth quite fresh,
stiff, and renovated from its blue bath, and again do good service for
another while.

"Every particle of dust should be removed from a black silk or poplin
every time it is worn, for nothing cuts either out so soon as these
often imperceptible little gritty motes with which the air of a city
is filled where coal is in such universal use."

=Washing or Cleansing Woolen Blankets.=--It is quite as important to
have the woolen blankets on our beds clean, as to have our sheets pure
and white. For the emanations from our bodies are more quickly
absorbed by them than by the muslin sheets; and as the women look upon
the washing of a pair of blankets as a great undertaking, I will give
them the easy way, recommended by the Boston _Journal of Chemistry_,
which is about the same as practised by my wife, in her lifetime. It
is as follows: Put 2 heaping table-spoonfuls of powdered borax and 1
pt. of soft soap (or its equivalent of dissolved bar soap), into a tub
of cold soft water. Stir well to dissolve and mix; then put in the
blankets, thoroughly wetting, and let them soak over night. Next day
rub (the author says pound), and drain them out, and rinse thoroughly
into two waters, and hang them to dry. Do not wring them by hand, but
press out the water. They may be put through a wringer.

=Borax is the Best Roach Exterminator Yet Discovered.=--This troublesome
insect has a peculiar aversion to borax, and will never return where
it has once been scattered. And, as this salt (chemists know all these
things as a "salt") is perfectly harmless to human beings, it is much
to be preferred for this purpose to the poisonous substances commonly
used.

"Borax is also valuable for laundry use, instead of soda. Add a
handful of it, powdered, to about ten gallons of boiling water, and
you need use only half the ordinary allowance of soap. For laces,
cambrics, etc., use an extra quantity of the powder. It will not
injure the texture of the cloth in the least.

"For cleansing the hair, nothing is better than a solution of borax
water. Wash afterward with pure water, if it leaves the hair too
stiff. Borax dissolved in water is also an excellent dentrifice, or
tooth wash."

=Borax as a Tooth Powder, or for Washing the Teeth.=--I use borax in
powder every morning, to cleanse my teeth. Borax in powder,  oz.,
with precipitated chalk, 3 ozs., with a few drops of oil of
winter-green, which keeps my teeth clean and white, by rubbing the
brush first on soap, then into the powder. Soap is essential once a
day in cleaning teeth. Borax is, indeed, one of the most valuable
salts we have for washing and cleaning purposes; but as we have now
had a pretty thorough course of instruction in the various methods of
washing, we will take up the question of soaps, for domestic purposes.
Our first one, however, claims also to make washing easy, which I very
well know it will do. If you use any of the white bar soaps, your soft
soap will be white--if any of the rosin-colored or yellow soaps, to
make it white, such will be the color when done.

=Soft Soap for Washing and House Cleaning.=--There are many other ways
of making soap, nearly all of which contain some of the improvements
or newer articles which have been introduced within the last few years
in soap making, such as sal soda, lime, borax, etc.; but few of them
contain more than one or two of these. The next, although it has only
one--the sal soda--yet you will at once see that Mrs. J. Lute, of
Liberty, O., who sends it to the _Blade_, thinks very highly of it;
and I give it to show the value of the sal soda mixed with soap which,
in my own as well as in Mrs. Lute's opinion, will be a great help in
washing clothes or house cleaning, as the case may be. She says:

"Take 4 lbs. of white bar soap, cut it fine, and dissolve by heating
in 5 gals. of soft water, adding 2 lbs. of sal soda. When all is
dissolved and well mixed, it is done. Yellow soap does very well, but
I think the white is the best. This makes a very nice white soft soap.
You will think it a fraud when you first take it off the fire, but
when it gets cool you will change your mind, and after one trial of it
you will have no other. I have used it for three years, and am not
afraid to recommend it to your readers."

=Pearline, Soapine, etc., to Make.=--The _Scientific American_, which is
one of our most reliable papers, informs us that these articles are
made of powdered soap, and powdered sal soda, equal, or about equal
parts of each. Thus you see for a few cents you can make what they ask
much more for; and it shows, too, what is thought by scientific men of
sal soda as an aid in washing.

=Soap for Machine shop Men, Blacksmiths, Engineers, Printers, Scouring,
etc.=--Take 10 lbs. of hard, yellow soap; sal soda, 3 lbs.; borax and
tallow, each 1 lb.; fresh slacked lime, as below; soft water, 3 gals.
DIRECTIONS--Put the water, soda and borax into the kettle, and when
dissolved add the tallow and the soap, shaved fine; and when these are
dissolved stir in as much freshly slacked, sifted lime as you can stir
in well. The lime is to be sifted through a common kitchen sieve to
avoid coarse lumps.

=Medicated, or Sulphur and Tar Soaps, To Make.=--So much is being said
about sulphur soap, in skin diseases and for toilet purposes, it will
be a satisfaction to many people, no doubt, to know that if you take a
1 lb. bar of any good, hard white soap, cut it fine and put it into a
small jar and set that into a basin or pan of water and set on the
stove till the soap is melted, then stir in, thoroughly, 1 oz. of the
flour of sulphur and pour into a paper or wooden box to cool, after
which you can cut it into squares and dry it, and your sulphur soap
will be as good as any you buy. For the tar soap, do the same as
above, except stir in  oz. of creosote, which is the same in action
as tar--contains the active principle of tar. No harm in combining
them in one soap; the combination would work very mildly on any
irritable skin.

=Renovating Soap.=--Marseilles (French) or Parker's best soap, such as
used by the barbers (I have seen Babbitt's common soap used, but the
above was the original recipe),  lb.; alcohol, 1 oz.; beef's gall, 2
ozs.; saltpetre, borax, honey, sulphuric ether and spirits of
turpentine, of each,  oz.; camphor gum, 3 drs.; pipe clay, 1 dr.;
common salt, 1 small tea-spoonful. DIRECTIONS--Put the camphor into
the alcohol, the powdered pipe clay into the beef's gall, pulverize
the saltpetre and borax and put them and the salt into the honey.
After 2 or 3 hours slice the soap into a porcelain kettle, with the
gall mixture, and place over a slow fire, stirring till melted; take
off and let stand until a little cool; then add all the other
articles, stir well together and put into a glass fruit jar as soon as
possible, as it soon hardens; then screw on the top, to prevent the
evaporation of the strength, keeping in a dark closet, ready for use,
as light decomposes or injures it.

=Clothes Cleaning.=--GENERAL DIRECTIONS--To clean a pair of pants or
coat (any color) that has been considerably soiled, open the jar, and
with a stiff spoon loosen up some of the renovating soap and take out
 an oz. (a rounding table-spoonful) and dissolve it in 1 qt. of
boiling soft water in a porcelain kettle, so as to keep it hot. Now
whip and brush the article to be cleaned thoroughly, to remove all the
dust; then, with a scouring brush (a partly worn, consequently stiff,
broom brush will do very well), saturate, or wet the soiled spots
thoroughly with the hot solution from the kettle; and, as a general
thing, it will be best to saturate the whole garment, else a part will
look new (that which is renovated) and the rest will look old or
dirty, except in cases of getting spots upon new clothing. After
thoroughly wetting the garment with the solution, dry as thoroughly,
in the open air is best. This wetting of the garment is best done by
drawing it on a press-board, if you have one, as described below, also
by spreading on a table or counter to be handy. After being dried,
press the garment well, using what is called a "sponge-cloth," of
stout unbleached muslin or drilling. If this is to be followed for a
business, buy 2 yds. and tear it in two, lengthwise, keeping one for
light shades of clothing, the other for dark. When ready to begin to
press the garment take a basin of soft water and put into it some aqua
ammonia, at the rate of 1 table-spoonful to 1 qt. of water, and, with
the ammonia water, keep your sponge-cloth wet while pressing.

For those following the business, a press-board, which can be got up
by any good joiner, so that a pant's leg may be drawn upon it, and a
smaller one suitable in size to enter a coat-sleeve, will be found
more than sufficiently handy to pay their cost, as they will be found
almost absolutely necessary in applying dye to black clothing where
the color has been spotted or faded, as explained under that head
further on. The press-board referred to has two parts, a base, or
bottom piece, then the pressing-board proper is supported by two
standards about 5 or 6 inches from the bottom piece, with one end
running out free to allow the leg or sleeve to be drawn upon it 15 to
18 inches for convenience of pressing the single thickness of cloth,
instead of double, if the leg or sleeve is simply spread out on a
table or counter.

=Paint, Pitch, Oil, and Grease, To Remove from Silk, Linen,
etc.=--Benzine (purified), also called benzole, 2 ozs.; oil of lemon, 
oz. Mix and keep corked.--DIRECTIONS--Apply with a cloth or sponge to
any spots upon any of the above named kind of goods, rubbing with the
fingers until removed. The colors will not be injured.--_Indian
Domestic Economy._

_Remarks._--For sake of safety in using benzine, or benzole, as one
kind is called, see note after Kid Glove Cleaning. The lemon is only
for flavor, or to hide the odor of the benzine.

=Fruit Stains, To Remove from Clothing, etc.=--To remove fruit stains,
hold them so you can pour boiling water through them; and if this
fails in any case to remove the stain, then dip the table-cloth or
other article into hot water, and place it over burning brimstone, as
for bleaching flannels, below.

=Bleaching Flannels.=--Wet them and place upon a stick over the top of a
barrel, in the bottom of which is an old pan with some burning coals,
and sprinkle on the fire a little broken bits of brimstone and cover
over with a piece of carpet to retain the smoke. Particularly
applicable to children's flannels which have become yellowish, and
which you do not like to wash for fear of shrinkage.

=Silks, To Remove Spots, etc.=--Fuller's earth, 1 oz.; saleratus, 1 even
tea-spoonful, (if saleratus is not obtainable, get bi-carbonate of
potash of a druggist, the same amount); lemon juice. DIRECTIONS--Dry
the earth thoroughly, and mix in the saleratus evenly; then moisten
with the lemon juice sufficiently to form it into a roll or stick; dry
in the sun. Wet the spots with hot water and rub it with the prepared
earth. Dry in the sun; then cleanse with clear water.

=Ink Spots, To Remove From Clothing.=--Wet the spots with milk--sour
milk is best--if you have no milk, wet with water, and rub a piece of
lemon on some salt, then upon the spot, a few times will always remove
it. If you have no lemon, a little oxalic acid in water, rinsed out
with clear water, will do it--except the cheap school inks made with
chromates of potash, even oxalic acid will not dissolve them; but the
better inks, which are set with iron, the above will dissolve out.

=Ink=--=Printer's, To Remove From Clothing.=--Saturate with turpentine,
let alone for 2 or 3 hours; then rub well with the hands and dust out.
Saturate means to wet thoroughly. It may be necessary to use some of
the renovating soap, or erasive compound, or some of the soap for the
machine-shop men to wash away the discoloration.

=Tar Spots, to Remove.=--Tar spots may be removed by putting butter upon
them for a few hours; then cleanse with soap and water to remove the
grease, using the renovating soap if needed.

=Kid Gloves, To Clean.=--Take purified benzine, in a bowl or suitable
dish, sufficient to cover the gloves. Put the gloves into the benzine
and saturate or soak to wet thoroughly; then having placed one upon a
clean, smooth board, with a soft brush or soft sponge rub one way
only, from the wrist towards the fingers, wherever there is any dirt,
or all over is best, to make all look alike, clean--dipping them or
the brush into the benzine as often as necessary to get out all the
dirt; and if this can not be done with the first lot, throw it away
and pour it fresh, and rinse and squeeze out in the benzine till
perfectly clean. White gloves you will suppose, while cleaning, to be
spoiled, as it gives them a dingy appearance. Tinted or light shades
will not look so dingy; but, never mind, partially dry them in the
sun. Now, having previously prepared a stick, a foot or more in
length, carefully tapered, and rounded at one end to resemble a
finger, insert it into each finger, carefully pulling the glove on by
the wrist until smooth, then rubbing dry with fine soft muslin. When
all is dry, polish with French powder (white), using soft white
flannel in polishing. Use care on the stick, and in all the processes,
to keep the gloves smooth, for if wrinkled the surface would be
broken. Keep them from shrinking by putting upon the hands
occasionally when nearly dry; but if you are cleaning a smaller glove,
for others, than will go upon your own hand, carefully pull them as
needed to prevent shrinkage.

_Benzine, Benzole, Rose Oil, Naptha, etc._--_Explanation._--Naptha,
which is a preparation made by the destructive distillation of wood,
but now better known as "wood alcohol," was formerly used for this
purpose; but as this is now worth 50 cents a quart, at least, and as
the purified benzine, which is made from coal oil or petroleum, does
this work just as nicely, and costs not more than 10 or 15 cents a
quart, it is now almost wholly used for these purposes. This purified
benzine is also known as "rose oil." Druggists understand all these
names. Gasoline, even, will do the same work, but it has more of the
odor, not being so thoroughly purified. Remember, it is the purified
benzine that should be obtained; and, remember, too, all these
articles are not only inflammable, but also explosive, if fire gets to
them or the vapor arising from them. So do not use them near a fire,
lamp, or gaslight, to insure safety.

Or if the gloves are not much soiled, set a saucer of sweet milk, and
a piece of white soap upon the table. Fold a clean towel, 3 or 4
thickness, upon the table, or upon your lap, and spread the glove
smoothly upon it. Take a piece of clean white flannel and dip it in
the milk; then rub it upon the soap, then upon the glove, from wrist
to fingers, continuing the process until the dirt is removed, when, if
a white glove it will have a yellowish tint, dark shades of gloves
will be darker still. Be careful to clean every part of the glove
thoroughly, else there will be spots when done. Let dry, or nearly so,
then put on your hands and work soft, and polish as in No. 1 above,
and the result will be very satisfactory.

Or take a pan of white corn meal, sifted; put on the gloves and make
believe washing hands in the meal, carefully, for 10 or 15 minutes,
according to the extent of soiling. Fold in a clean towel, and put a
weight upon them for a time. (See also white furs to clean, for the
propriety of using corn meal in removing dirt.)

=Finger Marks upon Doors=--=To Remove.=--Dissolve sal-soda, 1 oz., in soft
water, 1 pt., and go over the soiled doors or other painted woodwork
with it, using a sponge or cloth, following with a wiping-cloth,
slightly wrung out of hot, clean water.

=Ink=--=Black, for School Purposes=--=A Quart for a Dime.=--Extract of
logwood,  oz.; bi-chromate of potash, 10 grs.; dissolve in a quart of
hot rain water. When cold, put into a bottle and leave uncorked for
one week, when it is ready for use. At first it is a steel-blue, but
becomes quite black. I used this ink for a long time while in an
office, and considered it equal to the best writing fluid. [This last
remark is all in which I disagree with him. It does, however, make a
good school ink.] Moderate freezing does not hurt it.

=1. GLOSSY LINEN.=--=How it is Done.=--To give starched linen the
appearance so much desired put a small bit of paraffine (size of a
small pea for each bosom, or its equivalent for cuffs) into the hot
starch, and when it comes to ironing use a small iron having a rounded
point that is very smooth, and rub with great pressure and for a
considerable time. A great deal of "elbow grease" is absolutely
necessary.

=2. Scorched Linen in Ironing, To whiten.=--If a linen shirt bosom, or
other article, has been scorched in ironing, lay it in the bright
sunshine, which will remove it entirely.

=Flat Irons, To Clean from Rust or Starch.=--Flat-irons often have
starch stick to them, and occasionally a spot of rust from a drop of
water shows upon them, and I have often seen directions for cleaning
them with salt, but the following plan is the only sensible way of
doing it that I have seen:--Have a piece of yellow beeswax in a coarse
cloth; when the iron is almost hot enough to use, but not quite, rub
it quickly with the beeswax cloth and then with a coarse cloth.

=Oil-Cloth.=--=To Keep Bright.=--Oil-cloths should never be scrubbed with
suds, but carefully swept with a soft hair brush and washed with a
cloth dipped into milk and water, half-and-half, but no soap, and dry
and polish with an old soft cloth. In this way they will keep their
original color for a long time.

=Color of Plants and Flowers, to Retain in Drying for
Herbariums.=--Botanists who are grieved at the rapid loss of color in
the plants and flowers of their herbariums will be pleased to learn,
says a Vienna journal, that if plants or flowers be dipped in a warm
mixture of 1 part of hydrochloric acid to 600 of alcohol before being
placed between the driers they will not only retain their natural
colors, but will also dry with greater quickness.--_Harper's Weekly._

_Remarks._--This is in the proportion of 1 dr. of the acid to 9 ozs.
and 3 drs. of alcohol, and must prove very satisfactory. =2. Another
Way.=--Another new way for preserving the color of autumn leaves is
given as follows:--"Iron them fresh with a warm (not hot) iron, on
which some spermaceti has been lightly rubbed. This method preserves
perfectly their lovely tints, and gives a wavy gloss which no other
one secures. The process is very rapid and very agreeable, and no lady
who has ever tried the tedious and uncertain experiment of pressing
will ever again resort to it after trying this new and better way."

_Remarks._--The iron must be kept hot enough to keep the spermaceti
soft, else it will not spread on the leaves.

=Tomatoes, To Ripen in December.=--A Massachusetts gardener sells ripe
tomatoes in December, by sowing the seeds in July, then potting the
plants in a 9-inch jar, and maturing in a green-house with artificial
heat as soon as needed. An infusion of tomato leaves has been recently
found to not only destroy plant lice, but from its peculiar odor
prevent their return for a long time. See these destroyers.

=Plant Jars, To Paint and Bronze for House Use.=--Plant jars for
out-door use ought, to look well, to be painted with bright colors, as
red or blue--the foliage gives the contrast with its green; but for
house use paint them over with plain, cheap varnish, then with a bit
of pad, or piece of broad-cloth upon a thin, small bit of board, apply
common bronze powder all over; or, to make them nicer, paint the
bodies, some red and some blue, then bronze the rim, which gives them
a gold-like appearance, contrasting prettily with the painted body.
The bronze on a varnish will not stand the rains and exposure out of
doors.

=Cracked Hands, To Cure.=--A laboring man who had been troubled with
cracked hands, and tried many other remedies without success, was
finally told to put common copal varnish into the cracks which, in 48
hours, entirely cured them. Others came, but the same remedy always
cured. He had given it to others with the same success before making
it public. He bought a ten cent bottle, kept it corked, and applied
when needed with a bit of sliver from the fire wood. It is simple and
efficient. Most all painters and paint dealers keep it.

=CARROTS.=--=Their Value as Food for Man and Domestic Animals.=--A writer,
with whom the author agrees--except that he thinks parsnips preferable
to carrots for horses--says: "The carrot is one of the most healthful
and nutritious of our garden roots, and deserves to be much more
extensively used for culinary purposes, and we urge our readers to
give some of the early table sorts a trial. As an agricultural root,
the carrot is not surpassed for feeding horses and milch cows, and
every farmer should plant a few for this purpose. The carrot succeeds
best on light, sandy loam, made rich by manuring the previous year. In
freshly manured land, the roots often grow awkward and ill shaped. It
is better to sow as early in the spring as the ground can be made
ready, but if planting is necessarily delayed until late in the
season, soak the seed 24 hours in tepid water, dry by mixing in sifted
ashes or plaster, and sow on freshly prepared soil."

_Remarks._--In drills would be best, the author thinks, as explained
in the item referred to.

=Pickled Carrots for Table Use.=--A recent writer in the _Rural New
Yorker_ says, under this head:--"Wash and scrape, boil until tender,
cut into quarters of convenient length, and cover with vinegar. It is
the best way to prepare carrots for the table."

_Remarks._--If the vinegar is properly spiced, this plan makes them
very palatable.

=Beans Should Always be Cooked in Soft Water.=--A. C. Arnold, of
Stamford, Conn., says:--"I notice those who tell how to cook beans
omit to say that soft water must always be used in beans, otherwise
some of them will remain hard--a fact that I learned in the army."

_Remarks._--It is undoubtedly better to use soft water for cooking
generally, when it can be done. The same man sends the next item also,
through the _Blade_, and as it is a thing needed in every household
that ever cooks apples, I will give it a place. His measurements are
correct to make a suitable-sized corer.

=Apple Corer to Make, Size to Cut the Tin, etc.=--Cut the tin 3 by 4
inches and roll it up to be 4 inches long, and  inch in diameter, at
the smallest end, as it should be a very little larger at the other
end, to withdraw easily.

_Remarks._--If a small wire is put into the large end before rolling
up, it will not hurt the hand to push it through the apple, without
which it would soon injure the hand.

=1. Silverware, to Brighten with Little Labor.=--When it is desirable to
brighten silverware without a formal scouring, prepare some pieces of
silver cloth, as follows:--Obtain hartshorn (carbonate of ammonia), 2
ozs., powdered or broken up finely, and boil it in 1 pint of soft
water. Dip suitable pieces of muslin in the liquor and hang up to dry
without wringing. When dry, fold closely and put away for use. Simply
rubbing the silver with one of these pieces will surprise you by its
improved appearance. Never put soap on silverware, if you wish to keep
its original lustre.

=2. Frosted Silverware, How to Clean.=--Frosted ornamentation on
silverware should never be cleaned with powder, but only with a soft
brush and strong lye (from wood ashes, strained, or from concentrated
lye or potash), accompanied by rinsings with soft water. After the
frosted parts are properly dry, the smooth parts should be rubbed
carefully with powder.--_Harper's Bazar._

=3. Polish for Silverware.=--In place of using Paris white for a dry
powder to polish the smooth parts of silverware, the following will be
found better:--Put 4 ozs. of Paris white into soft water, 1 pint, and
boil it; when cool, bottle it, and add 1 oz. of aqua ammonia. Rub with
a cloth wet with this mixture, shaken, and polish with chamois.

=Stains from Nitrate of Silver, to Remove.=--Wet nitrate of silver
stains with discolored tincture of iodine in as much water as
tincture. Then rub the stained spot with a piece of cyanide of
potassa. It fades out, or changes at once (or the hyposulphite of soda
will do, and is not poison), then wash immediately with water. Always
use soft water, if you can. This is from a photographer, and reliable.

=Cabbage, to Destroy the Cut-worm of, and to Prevent
Club-feet.=--Sprinkle a table-spoonful of salt around each plant as set
out, and mix slightly with the soil. Thus, you "kill two birds with
one stone," besides it is a good fertilizer. I have seen more than
half the plants set out in a garden patch, which were cut off the
first night. This little trouble saves the loss, and makes them grow
faster, too. [See also, cut worms to destroy.]

=Crickets, to Drive Away or Destroy.=--Put Scotch snuff into their
holes. It is too much for them, and I think it would be more than
roaches could stand the presence of. Put into crevices with a
feather.

=1. Chimneys, how to Build to Avoid Burning out.=--When building
chimneys, keep a mortar-board of mortar for the purpose of plastering
them upon the inside as the work goes on, tempered up by adding
one-fourth as much common salt as of mortar, which forms a glaze that
soot can not stick to, and hence there is none to burn. "Prevention is
better than cure."

=2. Chimneys, to Build to avoid Smoking.=--A builder of long experience
says: "To build a chimney that shall not smoke, give a large space
immediately above the throat, which will cause a draft. It may then be
narrowed, if desirable." This is good logic.

=3. Chimneys, Sky-lights, etc., to stop Leaks.=--Take fine, white sand,
20 measures; litharge, 2; freshly slacked lime, 1; mix evenly
together, dry; then wet to the consistence of soft putty with boiled
linseed oil. It sets quickly, and forms a hard and durable cement.

=1. Moths in Carpets, to Prevent.=--Wet the floor around the edge of the
room thoroughly with spirits of turpentine before laying the carpet,
apply with a brush as you would paint; it kills the nits or eggs under
the base, and also prevents further nesting. Salt sprinkled freely
about the edge and over the whole carpet, while sweeping, is not only
a preventive, but it also helps to remove dirt, and if damp, prevents
dust from rising while sweeping.

=2. Moths in Carpets, to Destroy, without taking up.=--On parts of
carpets where moths are suspected, lay a coarse towel, slightly wrung
out of clear water, spreading out smoothly; then place a piece of firm
wrapping paper upon the wet towel to keep in the steam, and iron it
thoroughly with a hot iron. If thoroughly done, the heat and steam
kills them. Repeat at any time if satisfied more have hatched and come
out from under the base or other hiding places. It does not injure the
carpet, nor fade the colors, and does not need hard pressure, as it is
the heat and steam that kills them.--_The Household._

=3. Moths in Upholstered Furniture, certain remedy, also Good for Furs,
Flannels, etc.=--A writer in one of the Grand Rapids (Mich.) papers
says, upon these subjects: "A sort of trade secret among upholsterers
for ridding upholstered furniture of moths, is the following"; and
gives the example: "A set of furniture that seemed to be alive with
the larv (the insect moth in its first stage of development), from
the time it came new, and from which hundreds of these pests had been
picked and brushed, was set in a room by itself. Three gallons of
benzine were purchased at 30 cents a gallon, retail. Using a small
watering pot with a fine sprinkler, the whole upholstery was saturated
through and through with benzine. Result--Every moth, larv and egg
were killed. The benzine dried out in a few hours, and its entire odor
disappeared in 3 or 4 days. Not the slightest harm happened to the
varnish, or wood, or fabrics, or hair stuffing. That was months ago,
and not a sign of a moth has since appeared. The carpets were also
well sprinkled all around the sides of the room, with equally good
effect. For furs, flannels, indeed, all woollen articles containing
moths, benzine is most valuable. Put them in a box; sprinkle with
benzine, close the box tightly, and in a day or two the pests will be
exterminated, and the benzine will evaporate on opening."

=1. Feather Beds, old, to renovate without Steam.=--Old feather beds may
be renovated or cleaned very satisfactorily by putting them out during
a heavy shower, turning, to give both sides a good soaking. [And the
author can't see, if it does not rain, when and as hard or as long as
it is desired for this purpose, why a woman can't get up a good "heavy
shower" of her own by means of plenty of warm water and the ordinary
house or garden sprinkler; she certainly could, and I think be better
than the natural cold shower.] Dry thoroughly in the sun, beating with
a stick to loosen up the feathers, as you do a carpet to get out the
dust. The bed may lay upon the ground to receive the water, but should
be placed upon slats or sticks across chairs, or something of this
character, while drying.

_Remarks._--On boards or poles, one end on the fence sloping towards
the sun, is the better way. If there are stains on the tick they can
be cleaned at the same time in the following manner:

=2. Feather Bed Tick, to remove the Stains.=--Pulverise some starch and
stir it into sufficient soft soap to make quite a thick paste, enough
to cover the spots caused by children's wetting it. When dry, brush
off and wash with clean water by means of a wash-cloth or sponge. Dry
again in the sun, and whip to lighten up the feathers.

=Corn Crib, Rat Proof.=--A correspondent of the _Practical Farmer_ gives
the following directions for making that most necessary of farm
buildings--a rat proof corn crib. He says: "Build a good substantial
house, 12 feet wide, 8 feet high, and as long as you want it. This
will give you 2 cribs, 1 on either side. Put your building on stone
pillars, 1 ft. or more above ground (mind, the pillars must not be
wider than the sill, else the rats will stand on them). Side up with
lath 21 inches of hard wood--I used oak--putting them on up and
down, being careful to have them just  inch apart. The gables and any
part of the building that does not come in contact with the corn, can
be sided up with common pine boards; for bottoms of cribs, laths
lengthwise,  inch apart; balance of floor between cribs lay tight, of
pine boards. My building has a string of ties between the sill and
plate to nail to and cross ties to hold the building together. Every 8
ft. of these ties spike a good strong scantling, or plank, across them
lengthwise of the building as far in from the plate as you want the
width of top of crib, then set up studding from the floor, as many as
will be sufficiently strong for crib: mortice the end in the floor,
gain the top into the horizontal scantling about  of an inch, then
lath the inside of the crib with any kind of lath (I would keep up
hard wood), just close enough to keep in the corn, commencing 10
inches from the floor, to leave room for the corn to come down into
the trough, putting these laths on lengthwise. Then put a common sized
door in the end, between the cribs. You can put a lock on the door and
all is secure--I did not lock mine and gained something by it, as I
found a stray mitten in the crib on a cold morning. To get the corn in
the crib make doors above the plate the size you want them, the same
as dormer windows, and hang the doors on and it will be completed. If
any one wishes to have a granary, they can use one side of the
building for that purpose and the other for a crib. The size of my
cribs is 3 feet in the clear at the bottom, and 5 feet at the top, but
I am well satisfied they might be much wider and still the corn would
cure well. I have used this crib for about 10 years, and I can
recommend it as an entire success. The secret of this crib is putting
the lath on up and down; this gives no place for the rats to stand on
to cut holes, and the building being 1 foot above the ground they
cannot reach the bottom. We are infested with swarms of gray rats, and
there is not a building on the farm from which we can keep them out
except the corn crib. We keep corn over a year until the new crop is
gathered in perfect safety."

=Bushel Boxes, how to Make.=--In gathering potatoes, apples, and other
things, quite a saving in time and trouble can be brought about by
making enough bushel boxes to fill the wagon-bed. If the inside of the
wagon-box is 36 inches, the length of the boxes should be 17 inches
(which gives one inch play to get in and out). An ordinary wagon-box
will hold 32 to 36 of them. With these boxes one has no use for
baskets, and the trouble of shoveling out the load is saved. In
handling apples and potatoes, they are much less bruised and marred
than when no boxes are used. Where one has a supply of these boxes, a
large number of them, after being filled with apples, etc., can be
piled up and emptied at leisure. In this case the time of stormy days
can be devoted to assorting the products. They are also quite
convenient, being square, for shipping on the cars. The ends are made
of common pine boards, 12 inches wide, planed on both sides, sawed to
the exact width of 12 inches, and then cut into lengths of 14 inches.
In these, holes are cut for the hands, as cleats would take up too
much space and they would not pack well. To make, take an inch bit,
bore 2 holes and trim with knife. The sides and bottoms are made of
lath, cut just 17 inches in length. Six pieces are required for the
bottom, and five for each side. One lath will make two lengths for
sides or bottom. For 100 boxes, 800 laths, and 200 ft. of common
lumber will be required. Two 4-penny nails in each end of the lath is
sufficient to make a permanent box. Get them ready in the rainy days
of summer for fall use, and you will never be sorry.

=Dio Lewis' "Breakfast for Two Cents"=--=Good for Light
Laborers.=--Notwithstanding a large amount of sport was made over Dr.
Lewis' publication upon the "Two-cent Breakfast," still for persons of
a sedentary life and only light labor to perform, or perhaps, no labor
at all, his plan is most excellent for those who desire to enjoy good
health and long lives. Let this class of persons try it, and they will
soon realize a feeling of enjoyment and hilarity of spirit never
before experienced. He says, "My experience and observation has been
that meat is a large item in the cost of living. By using less meat
and more oatmeal, beans, peas, etc., the same amount of nourishment
may be obtained. Get a good article of Scotch or Canada oatmeal, and
to 1 qt. of boiling water slowly stir in 1 tea-cupful of oatmeal, to
which add a little salt; let it cook slowly for half an hour, when it
may be served with milk or cream and sugar. Three cents worth of
oatmeal, 3 cents worth of milk, and 6 cents worth of sugar will make a
good meal for a family of 6 persons. Some of the most healthy people I
have ever seen had oatmeal morning and night, and had fresh meat with
vegetables at noon. By this method of living we make the morning and
evening meal so inexpensive that the cost of our food will be reduced
at least one-half. Beans and peas are cheap and nutritious."

=Hogs, Fall care of, for Early Slaughter.=--Although considerable has
been said in that department as to the care of hogs, as well as the
treatment of hog cholera, etc., yet as I find an item upon this
subject among my miscellaneous matter I have thought best to give it
here hoping it may receive greater attention standing alone. It is
best, when possible, to let swine have the range of a newly cleared
field, where logs and brush have just been burned off, as they
instinctively eat the coals that are left, which, it is well known,
does them great good; but when this can not be done the next best
thing is to place a mixture of salt, ashes (unleached), and charcoal
(pulverized), and, the author thinks, sulphur, also, equal quantities,
except the sulphur, perhaps only one-half as much as of either of the
others, under shelter, but where they can have daily access to it; and
also to begin to feed early with peas, pumpkins, potatoes, etc., the
potatoes and pumpkins properly cooked and thickened with pea meal, if
plenty, else with shorts, or a little cornmeal when no cheaper article
is at hand to be worked off; so that by November 15th, or 20th, at
farthest, they may be ready for slaughter. The charcoal is of vital
importance to hogs, unless the stove coal, as mentioned in the other
connection, proves to fill its place; and there is no danger of their
eating too much ashes or salt. Running water ought always, if
possible, to pass through their pasture; and when not possible fresh
water should be pumped daily for their use, as well as for all the
other stock, even to the chickens.

=1. CODLING MOTH, Remedy.=--Dr. Hull, a leading horticulturist, of
Illinois, says that his lime remedy for the codling moth has proved
completely effectual. The freshly slacked lime is thrown into the
trees when the dew is on, or just after a rain, and after the fruit is
set. A dipper or a large spoon may be used; but best of all, is a
bellows made for the purpose (the author would say, with a long nose
or nozzle to reach well up into the trees). The insects will not go
where the lime is scattered; he says, "they go away."

=Codling Moth Effectually Disposed of.=--A writer who signs himself "H,"
of Fenton, Mich., sends a plan to the Detroit _Tribune_, which he says
effectually disposes of the codling moth. He says, "I take a piece of
old woolen cloth, 5 or 6 inches wide, and long enough to go around the
apple tree and lap an inch or two, and place this around the tree
midway between the lower branches and the ground, and fasten it there
with a tack driven in just far enough to hold. The moth will go under
this cloth and deposit her egg, which matures in 12 days. Every 10
days I go through the orchard, draw the tacks carefully, unwind the
cloth and mash every worm and moth I find, sometimes as many as 40
under a single cloth. This followed up will utterly destroy them."

=Borers in Peach and Apple Trees, Remedy for, and for Bark Lice on the
Trees.=--Mr. M. B. Batchman, of Ohio (residence not given), writing to
the _Fruit Recorder_, of Palmyra, N. Y., gives the following valuable
remedy to prevent the borers getting into the peach and apple trees.
He says:--"Take a tight barrel and put in 4 or 5 gallons of soft soap
with as much hot water to thin it, then stir in 1 pint of crude
carbolic acid and let it stand over night, or longer, to combine. Then
add 12 gallons of rain-water, and stir well; apply to the base of the
tree with a short broom or old paint brush, taking pains to wet inside
of all crevices. This will prevent both peach and apple borers. It
should be applied the latter part of June in this climate, when the
moths and beetles usually appear. The odor is so pungent and lasting
that no eggs will be deposited where it has been applied, and the
effect will continue till after the insects have done flying. If the
crude acid cannot be obtained, {1/3} of the pure will answer, but it
is more expensive." [Crude carbolic acid is a black and dirty-looking
fluid, and if not kept by small druggists they can obtain it in the
cities; but, mind you, it is a strong acid, and it will destroy the
skin or clothing if you get it on them by breaking the bottle or
otherwise, so be careful. The crude is what is used in washes for lice
about poultry, horses, etc.]

_Remarks._--To the above, the editor of the _Recorder_ added: "We
believe the above remedy for borers would also exterminate grubs from
strawberry, raspberry and blackberry roots--only that for strawberries
dilute it with double the amount of water." To this I may add: I think
6 or 8 quarts of fine soot dissolved in a barrel of water and
thoroughly sprinkled about the roots of these berry plants will kill
the borers or grubs that trouble them, and probably 2 lbs. of potash
in the same water would also destroy them, sprinkled on in the same
way.

=Forcing Plants.=--For forcing plants that you wish to hurry forward for
any reason, 6 or 8 qts. of fine soot dissolved in a hogshead of water
and sprinkled upon them and about the roots freely, is said by the
_American Gardener_, to do as well for plants as for bulbs, flowering
plants, shrubs, etc.

=Bark Lice, or Scale Bugs on Trees, Shrubs, Plants, etc.=--=Positive
Remedies.=--Prof. J. H. Comstock says that in fighting scale insects
(scale bugs, bark lice) on trees and shrubs, that poisonous fumes nor
powdered substances have done any good, and that "they cannot be
destroyed otherwise than by actual contact. Lye and solutions of soap
have been eminently successful. Common or whale oil soap,  lb., to
water, to 1 gal. (dissolve by heat); or lye (concentrated, in lb.
cans), 1 lb. to 1 gal. of water, applied when the trees are dormant
(not growing--fall or very early spring), has been found to work
equally well. Apply with a stiff brush, which reaches the scale under
the bark and sweeps off others, but cannot be used on the small
branches, and on these Whitman's fountain pump syringe may be employed
for spraying."

=For Lice on Plants.=--Prof. A. J. Cook, in the New York _Tribune_, says
that one application of the following mixture is a complete cure for
lice on plants: Soft soap, 1 qt., water, 1 gal., and kerosene, 1 pt.
The soap and water are heated to the boiling point, the kerosene added
and all well stirred. The mixture is thus made permanent. It is also
used on trees, killing the lice and restoring the vigor of the trees.

=Currant Worms, to Avoid.=--A writer of experience in the _Fruit
Recorder_ says: "There is no necessity of breeding currant worms;
which is done by leaving bushes untrimmed, the worms always attacking
the new growth first." He continues: "My plan is this: In starting a
currant patch I confine the bush not to exceed from 1 to 3 main
stems, and give all the strength of the root to their support. As
hinted above, sprouts will start from the roots each spring, but they
must be rubbed off when small. All currant growers are aware that
worms first make their appearance on a new growth and then spread over
the bush. Consequently, no sprouts, no worms. This is just as plain as
that 2 and 2 make 4. I have followed this plan for the past two years
to my satisfaction, and have barely seen the effects of worms on 1 or
2 bushes where my plan was not fully carried out. But such currants I
never saw grow, the common red Dutch being nearly twice as large as
the cherry currant and a better bearer. I had a few bushes that
actually broke down from their load of fruit."

_Remarks._--The plan of making a kind of tree of the currant gives so
much better chance of cultivating around them, I have often wondered
it was not adopted generally; and if any one will adopt this plan, he
will see how much easier it will be to adopt the use of soot, as the
Scotch do, to eradicate the worm, and at the same time to fertilize;
as given in the next item.

=Currant Worms, to Destroy, and to Fertilize the Ground.=--Instead of
the powdered hellebore, as heretofore used, copperas water, at the
rate of 1 lb. to water, 6 gals., not only destroys the worm, by
pulling over the top of the bush to sprinkle it upon the under side of
the leaves, but also fertilizes the soil. But possibly the Scotch
method of dusting fine soot upon them after a shower, or when the dew
is on, and also working small quantities of it into the soil around
the bushes, is the best way after all, as it is claimed this latter
plan in a year or two will eradicate them from the garden altogether.

=Coal Ashes as a Fertilizer for the Soils; Also Valuable for Cherry and
Other Fruit Trees, etc.=--_For the Currants._--Common coal ashes, well
distributed about roots of currants, is one of their best promoters.
This should be done by loosening the soil about their roots and
placing the ashes near them, cover firmly with earth above, and the
bushes will bear such clusters as will speak the beneficial effects of
this application of material too commonly thrown aside as of no use.

Cherry and other fruit trees also greatly accept this renovator, and
if carefully bedded about the roots with coal ashes in the fall the
yield of the fruit the following year will surprise the cultivator.
Especially is this effect produced in the black loam of Illinois. We
have in our mind one fruit garden there where all the small fruit was
treated in this way, and have never seen their yield
excelled.--_National Farmer._

=Currants and Gooseberries, Setting Out for Trees or Bushes.=--Both the
currant and gooseberry do better to grow from cuttings than from
roots. The wood of the last year's growth must be taken, cut it into
pieces from 8 to 10 inches in length, and insert about half the length
in the usual prepared garden soil, press the ground firmly with the
foot, mulch, and there will be no danger of not growing. Set them
where they are desired to remain permanently. If a small tree and not
a bush is preferred, cut out all the eyes entering the ground. If a
bush, let the eyes remain. We prefer the bush for two reasons: the
first is, more fruit is obtained; the second, it is longer lived. In
fact, the bush will live half a century, only requiring thinning out
of the wood once in a while. As to the variety of currants, we prefer
decidedly the old Dutch Red. It is not quite so large as some others,
but it bears as abundantly and is less acid and of better quality. Of
gooseberries we prefer the Downing. It is of good quality, an
excellent bearer, and has never mildewed upon our
premises.--_Germantown Telegraph._

=Grafting Currants=--=To Avoid the Borer and Mildew.=--The _Rural New
Yorker_ says:--"Lovers of the currant and gooseberry have reason to
feel jolly over the success which seems to attend grafting them upon
the Missouri currant (_Ribes aureum_), which is not liable to the
attacks of the borer. Besides they are exempt from mildew. And thus by
a single, happy hit the two great drawbacks to currant and gooseberry
cultivation have been overcome. The beauty of these little trees when
loaded with their pretty berries, as displayed at the Centennial, is
of itself enough to insure their general cultivation. It would be well
for those who intend experimenting with grafting currants to bear in
mind that there is a great difference in the variety of the Missouri
currant, some making better stocks than others."

=Gooseberries, to Prevent Mildew.=--Edward Martin, of Freehold, N.J.,
says he prevents mildew on his gooseberries by raising the English
variety, and applying soapsuds with a garden syringe, costing only
$1.50, beginning its application as soon as the fruit begins to form,
twice a week for 3 or 4 weeks, has never failed him, saving the suds
on wash-days, for this purpose.

=CABBAGE WORM=--=Successful Remedy.=--A correspondent of the New York
_Tribune_ makes the following statement as to the destruction of this
late pest of the garden, not in the least injuring the cabbage, as
anyone can judge. He says: "I have used salt for the cabbage worm--at
the rate of a large tea-cupful to a pail of water--for the last two
years with perfect success. Two applications have been all that were
needed. It killed the worms (or at least they died) without hurting
the cabbage at all."

_Remarks._--The cabbage worm being a soft-skinned thing, I think the
salt will destroy them; if it does not in any case, try the copperas
water, as given for destroying the currant worm above. The copperas
will not injure the cabbage, and, I think, either might be used double
the strength given, if needed.

=Cabbage Worm, the Best Remedy, as Shown by the New York Experiment
Station.=--Common yellow hard soap, 1 oz.; kerosene, 1 pt.; water, 1
gals.; well mixed and stirred and applied by means of a watering-pot,
proved the best of anything tried at the above station in 1883. They
state that "it kills all the worms it thoroughly wets, and does not
injure the plant." They say "it must be kept thoroughly stirred while
applying. Several applications may be needed."

=Cabbage Plants, Best Manner of Setting Out.=--In setting out cabbage
plants it has been found best to pull off the largest leaves, leaving
only the centre, as they are then more certain to live and to do
better, from the fact that the large leaves often wither and die for
want of a ready support from the transplanting.

=ANTS, ROACHES, LITTLE SPIDERS, Etc.=--=To Destroy.=--"Hot alum water,"
says a recent practical woman writer, "is the latest suggestion as an
insecticide (insect killer). It will destroy red ants, black ants,
roaches, spiders, chintz bugs and all other crawling pests which
infest our houses."

The writer does not say how much alum to use. I should say  lb. to 1
pail of water, sprinkled about their haunts boiling hot, would do the
work well.

Another writer, after being pestered with red ants a year or two,
drove them away by placing raw sliced onions about the closets.

Another by putting tar, 1 pt., into water 2 qts., and placing in
shallow dishes in the closets.

Another by wetting sponges in sweetened water and placing where they
enter the house, if that can be found, else in the closets, and after
an hour or two dipping into boiling water.

=Another.=--Destroys roaches by distributing the freshly dug roots of
the black hellebore, bruised or strewed around the floor, or places
where they frequent at nights, claiming it to be as infallible as it
is poisonous, and they eat it with avidity. It grows in marshy places,
and it is kept by druggists--these being dry however, would have to be
soaked or steeped a little to allow it to be mashed. The water then
might also be placed in shallow dishes, with bits of shingle laid on
the edge to allow them to go up to it. See 8, 9 and 10, etc.

=Ants, to drive from Lawns or other Grounds.=--Carbolic Acid, crude, 1
part to the water 40 parts, (ounces, pounds, or pints); mix and
sprinkle upon their mounds. Why not good then, about the houses where
they infest? Standing the legs of safes for victuals in dishes of
water will beat them all badly as to getting their dinner from that
quarter.

=Roaches.=--Have been driven off, or killed, as I suppose by laying red
wafers around for them to eat; the red being the result of the use of
red lead, which is poisonous and destructive. Lozenges made with red
lead would do the same thing; a mixture of red lead, say one oz., with
corn meal,  pt. moistened with molasses to a consistence of batter,
and spread on the bottom of plates turned up, or on thin pieces of
boards, will also destroy them, as they eat it greedily.

=Roaches.=--I have seen it stated that a lb. of powdered borax scattered
around their haunts would clear any house of roaches. I have scattered
it upon them where they nested in drawers, etc., and have seen them
scatter with the dust upon them, like leaves before an autumn
wind--like the leaves, never to return. Yet I have heard others say it
did no good; but with some of these plans, perseverance must conquer.

=Roaches, Ants, Spiders, Chintz Bugs, etc., to Destroy.=--The _Journal
of Chemistry_ publishes the following, as efficacious for all these
pests. It says: "Hot alum water is a recent suggestion as an
insecticide (insect killer). It will destroy red and black ants,
roaches, spiders, chintz (striped or spotted) bugs, and all crawling
pests which infest our houses. Dissolve alum, 2 lbs. in 3 or 4 qts. of
boiling water; then apply it with a brush, while nearly boiling hot,
to every joint and crevice in your closets, bedsteads, pantry shelves
and the like. Brush the crevices in the floor of the skirting or mop
boards, if you suspect that they harbor vermin. If, in whitewashing a
ceiling, plenty of alum is added to the lime, it will also serve to
keep insects at a distance, and also cause the white-wash to stick
better; 2 lbs. to a pail is enough. Roaches will flee the paint which
has been washed in cool alum water of this strength.

=Roaches Utterly Destroyed.=--A correspondent of the _Country Gentleman_
says: "I give a recipe to your correspondent who wishes to know how to
get rid of the insects he calls the cockroaches, although I think he
misnames them. Let his wife finish making peach preserves late at
night in a smooth, bright, brass kettle; then persuade her it is too
late to clean the kettle till morning, but set it against the wall
where the insects are thickest and retire to rest. In the morning he
will find the sides of the kettle bright as a new dollar, but he will
find every insect that was hungry in the bottom of the kettle, when,
if he uses the recipe I did, he will treat them to a sufficient
quantity of boiling water to render them perfectly harmless. As I
thought molasses cheaper than peach preserve juice, I ever afterward
baited the same trap with molasses, and I caught the last one of
millions. I pity any one troubled with them. I have lived 30 years
since making the discovery (accidental), and have never had to repeat
it."

=BED BUGS=--=To Destroy.=--Take a quart bottle and fill it with equal
parts of best alcohol and spirits of turpentine, and add camphor gum,
1 oz. Shake well when used, and with a small brush wet the crevices,
foldings of the curtains, etc., if there is the least sign of the bugs
having been about them. This is harmless, and safe, except by candle
light. If any doubt of its success, touch a bug with the least bit of
it you can put on him. Use it freely, as it is inexpensive, but
positive in its destructive powers; and does not stain bed clothing.
Still I must give some more, which are poisonous. Though the next is
not poisonous, but more likely to inflame, or explode, than this; but,
no matter what may be used, look over the bedstead in a week or two to
meet the new ones, from nits not touched at first.

Naptha alone, or even gasoline, will destroy bed bugs utterly and
quickly. Put on as No. 1, freely.

=Bed Bug Poison.=--Beat the whites of 4 fresh eggs well, and then put in
1 oz. of quicksilver; or in this proportion, for as much as needed,
and apply with a brush, or feather, as most convenient--keep it out of
the way of children, as it is very poisonous. Corrosive sublimate
pulverized,  oz., beat in, in the same way, will do the same thing.
Or it can be used in liquid form, as in the next recipe.

=Bed Bugs, to Get Rid of.=--Spirits of turpentine,  pt.; corrosive
sublimate,  oz. When dissolved apply with brush or feather to every
crevice. Go over every 2 weeks till all nits are hatched out and
killed--2 or 3 times will do it every time. It is poisonous. These
poisonous things are more certain to prevent a return than the others.

Another and better plan is to use carbolic acid, 2 drs., to water, 
pt., and apply as the others.

And finally, the grease cooked out of salt pork, or bacon, applied
hot, by keeping over a dish of coals, is said to be everlasting in its
effects of killing and keeping them away. The reporter of the plan had
been 30 years without their return. I should only fear the everlasting
squeak of the bedstead, if applied in the joints, just where the bugs
most do congregate.

=Bed Bugs, to Clear From Old Cracked Walls, etc.=--Tear off the old
paper and wash the walls with pretty strong boiling hot lye, made from
wood ashes, or the concentrated lye, of which soap is made. Two ozs.
of this would be enough for a pail of water. Put it freely to every
crack, and about the base, at the floor joint, as well as next the
plaster; then repaper and you are safe. If the wall is rough, and
danger of nits, wash the whole wall with the hot lye.

=Caterpillars on Fruit Trees, To Destroy.=--If for no other reason than
for the looks of an orchard every bunch of caterpillars should be
destroyed as soon as seen; but if left alone they multiply and soon
extend from tree to tree so quickly, to the destruction of the
orchard, it should be done to eradicate them entirely from the
grounds, as nothing is so unsightly as an orchard or tree infested
with these pests. The most positively destructive way of ridding the
trees of them is to have a sheet-iron dish made about 6 inches deep
and 4 inches in diameter, with a tube-like piece, 5 or 6 inches long,
standing at an angle of 45 (quarterly pitch) from the perpendicular,
at the bottom, into which put the end of a slender pole, fitted to
enter the tube 2 or 3 inches; the tube, say, 1 inch in diameter,
having 2 or 3 small holes near its attachment to the main dish, to
allow the circulation of air to prevent its heating and burning the
pole; and near the bottom of the dish 3 or 4 holes of  or  inch
diameter are to be made to allow a draft of air to make the charcoal
burn, which is to be put into the dish and set burning; then an extra
person besides the one managing the pole with the chafing-dish upon
it, drops in a few pieces of broken-up roll brimstone, which is to be
elevated at once to the nest; the fumes of the brimstone and the heat
soon causes a stampede that is effectual. If you don't believe it,
please burn a match under your nose, and you can soon tell what the
result would be, if long continued. To give the caterpillars a chance
to drop out, pass the apparatus up through their nest. No living thing
can stand the fumes of burning sulphur; but brimstone in small pieces
is best for this, as it does not burn out so quickly as the fine
sulphur. As soon as a nest is seen, go for it, and you will soon
eradicate them. The plan of burning kerosene destroys the limbs too
quickly. A day without wind is best, lest it drive the fumes away,
rather than allow them to go directly upward through the nest.

=Weeds, to Destroy, in Gravel Walks.=--To destroy weeds in gravel walks,
sprinkle them with carbolic acid, about the strength of 1 of acid to
40 of water. I have found it successful, but the process must be
repeated at least once a year.--_London Journal._

=CISTERN=--=How to Build.=--I see that a subscriber wishes to know the
best way to build a cistern. I have had the care of building quite a
number, and would say to him, build two instead of one so large; dig
the holes, and put on two good coats of cement on the bank, and arch
with good hard brick. One of my neighbors has one that I built for him
16 years ago in this way, and it has been in use ever since. I had one
built for myself 6 years ago; the masons put brick all round; the
brick settled, and it leaked. I had another built 2 years ago, which
was 8 feet across in the clear after finished, and 9 feet deep. This
was plastered on the bank and arched with brick, and has been full of
water ever since, and has not leaked a drop that I know of. I could
mention more made in this way, but this is enough. I would not have
brick or stone in the sides of a cistern if they were put in for
nothing; they are simply thrown away.--_Mentor, in Country Gentleman._

_Remarks._--If the Portland cement, which is the best water-lime, I
think, in use, is obtained, or the best water-lime which can be got is
used, there can be no doubt of the success in soil that does not cave;
but in clay soil, they claim, nothing but tubs built of plank will
keep out the surface water. This may be so, but it seems to me, even
on clay, 2 coats of mortar made with the best Portland cement would
keep the surface water out as well as it would keep in what comes in
by the spout. It would save much expense if successful, which I fully
believe it would be. Any plasterer would know the proper amount of
clean sand to use with it.

=Cisterns, How to Build Square or Round=--=The Difference in Capacity
with the same Number of Brick.=--But few persons are aware that a
square cistern holds considerably less than a round one, the walls
containing the same number of brick. But it is a fact, nevertheless.
For instance: about 2,800, or, at most, 3,000, brick will make a
cistern 10 feet square and 10 feet deep, having an inside surface of
400 square feet, and will contain 1,000 square or cubic feet of water,
equal to about 7,500 gallons, while the same number of brick will make
a round cistern of about 12 feet in diameter and 10 feet deep, which
will contain about 1,270 cubic feet, or 9,225 gallons, a gain of about
27 per cent. in capacity, with no more cost, either in brick, mortar,
or laying the walls. Calculate about 7 brick to lay a 4-inch wall, for
each square foot of wall desired, whether larger or smaller, deeper or
less depth, it matters not. For the size above given, about 2 barrels
of cement will be required, as the bottom ought to be about 2 inches
thick. In laying the wall, great care should be taken to ram or pack
the dirt down very firmly behind it, so as to resist the pressure of
water. The roof should be arched 2 feet below the top of the ground.

=ICE-HOUSE=--=To Build Good, but Cheap.=--A year or two ago I had my
attention called to an ice-house built by a farmer near me, which was
simply a bin, made of rough boards, 16 feet square, roofed over,
leaving a large opening in the front and sides. He said his ice kept
perfectly until the next winter. He put a layer of sawdust, about a
foot thick, on the ground, and then stacked the ice snugly in the
centre, 18 or 20 inches from the walls, and then filled in with
sawdust, and up over the top a foot or more thick. Last winter, before
filling my ice-house, I determined to try this method. I accordingly
tore out all the inside wall, and shoveled out the sawdust; then
filled by stacking it snugly in the centre, 15 or 20 inches from the
wall. This space I filled in with pine sawdust, and covered the whole
over the top a foot thick or more. I left out the window and took down
my door and left it all open, so that the sun could shine in every
day. Now for results. At the present time I have an abundance of ice,
and the cakes seem to come out as square and perfect as when they went
in, seemingly nothing lacking except what is used out. I am satisfied
how to build an ice-house.--_Cor. N. Y. Farmer's Club, in Rural New
Yorker._

=SHINGLES.=--=To Make Fire-Proof and More Durable.=--The _Scientific
American_ says: "Take a potash kettle or large tub, and put into it 1
barrel of wood ashes lye, 5 lbs. white vitriol, 5 lbs. alum, and as
much salt as will dissolve in the mixture. Make the liquor quite warm,
and put as many shingles into it as can be conveniently wet at once.
Stir them up, and when well soaked (say 2 hours) take them out and put
in more, renewing the liquor as necessary. Then lay the shingles in
the usual manner. After they are laid, take the liquor out that is
left, put lime enough into it to make whitewash, and if any coloring
is desirable, add ochre, Spanish brown, etc., and apply to the roof
with a brush or an old broom. This wash may be renewed from time to
time. Salt and lye are excellent preservatives of wood. It is well
known that leach tubs, troughs, and other articles used in the
manufacture of potash, never rot. They become saturated with the
alkali, turn yellowish inside, and remain impervious to the weather."

=CLOTH.=--=Fire-Proof.=--For clothing to be starched, put  as much
tungstate of soda as you use of starch; starching as usual, and
ironing, which does not affect its fire-proof qualities. The tungstate
of soda is often used as a mordant in dyeing, which, of course, makes
them much less inflammable. There is so much life lost by dresses
taking fire now-a-days it seems that advantage ought to be taken of
this plan of fire-proofing them when starched.

For goods not needed to be starched, make a solution of  lb. of the
tungstate to each gallon of water, wet thoroughly, and dry, twice, if
to be absolutely sure against blazing. Soft water always. May be
ironed.

=Clothes, to Water-Proof.=--Dissolve sugar of lead, 10 ozs. in a common
wooden pail of water; do the same with the same amount of powdered
alum in another pail of water, and then pour together, and then
thoroughly wet the cloth therein, and dry, better without wringing. If
weighted and allowed to soak awhile, all the better.

=Drying Fruit at the Manufactories, and Home-Drying.=--At a recent
meeting of the Ohio State Horticultural Society, at Canton, Mr. James
Edgerton read a paper upon the modern methods of drying or evaporating
fruits. Mr. S. B. Mann, of Adrian, Mich., in response to requests from
the members, gave an account of a fruit-drying establishment in his
town, in which five large Alden machines were used. It had cost
$10,000, and had paid for itself in five years. Its capacity was 400
bushels every 24 hours. It gave employment to 50 or 60 hands, chiefly
girls, working in 2 sets, day and night, pearing and cutting the
fruit. The benefit to the community from the establishment was great,
and the neighboring farmers would be sorry to lose it from among them.
Mr. Mann said, for the benefit of the ladies, that if they would slice
fruit across, in thin slices, place it on trays in the sun, covered
with thin muslin cloth, they could dry fruit which would closely
resemble that prepared by the Alden process. Mosquito netting was not
so good for covering as thin cloth. In the Alden process, the white
color was obtained by driving the fumes of sulphur through the dryer.
(See "Evaporated Fruit.")

These thin sliced apples ought to be dried on wooden trays, not on old
tin, by any means. Wooden trays might be easily made about 2 feet long
and 15 to 20 inches wide, by nailing pieces of lath, slit up to  or
{3/8} square, nailed on end cleats, with a lath of full width on the
ends of the cleats running the whole length, to form sides, to prevent
the apples from slipping off--the square bits of lath forming the
bottom, nailed about  inch apart, to allow air to pass up through;
the side lath going down a little, say  inch below the bottom ones,
which would thus allow the free passage of air under and up through
the bottom. The thin, or cheap muslin covering preventing the sun
from turning the fruit dark colored, and the wood has no tendency,
either, to darken the shade of the apples, or other fruit. When once
made they last for years, with proper care.

=Canning Fruit.=--The Manchester _Mirror_ gives the following tables for
time to boil, and the amount of sugar to each quart jar:--

                                Minutes.|                         Ounces.
Boil cherries moderately             5  |For cherries                 6
 "   raspberries      "              6  | "  raspberries              4
 "   blackberries     "              6  | "  Lawton blackberries      6
 "   plums            "             10  | "  field blackberries       6
 "   strawberries     "              8  | "  strawberries             8
 "   whortleberries   "              5  | "  whortleberries           4
 "   pie plant, sliced              10  | "  quince                  10
 "   small sour pears, whole        30  | "  small sour pears, whole  8
 "   Bartlett pears, in halves      20  | "  wild grapes              8
 "   peaches                         8  | "  peaches                  4
 "   peaches, whole                 15  | "  Bartlett pears           6
 "   pineapple, sliced  in. thick  15  | "  pineapples               6
 "   Siberian crab-apple, whole     25  | "  crab-apples              8
 "   sour apples, quartered         10  | "  plums                    8
 "   ripe currants                   6  | "  pie plant               10
 "   wild grapes                    10  | "  sour apples, quartered   6
 "   tomatoes                       20  | "  ripe currants            8

=RATS=--=To Destroy or Drive Away.=--Arsenic, bread, butter, and sugar.
DIRECTIONS--If arsenic is to be used, get  or  oz., and label
poison, and keep it away from children. To use it, first spread some
slices of bread lightly with butter; then sprinkle on rather freely of
the arsenic, and over this with a little sugar, and with a case-knife
press the sugar and arsenic well into the butter, so they will not
fall off. Now, cut the slices of bread into squares of half an inch or
so, and drop into the rat-holes, out of the way of children, chickens,
and other animals which you do not wish to kill.

=Rats, To Get Rid of Without Poison, German Method.=--A German paper
gives the following plan of doing this: "Having first for some days
placed pieces of cheese in a part of the premises, so as to induce the
rats to come in great numbers to their accustomed feeding-place, a
piece of cheese is fixed on a fish-hook about a foot above the floor.
One rat leaps at this, and of course remains suspended. Hereat all the
other rats take sudden flight, and at once quit the house in a body."

=Rats and Mice, Simple Exterminator.=--Another German newspaper gives
the following simple method for exterminating rats and mice, which, it
states, has been successfully tried by one Baron Von Backhofen and
others for some time past: "A mixture of 2 parts of well-bruised
common squills and 3 parts of finely chopped bacon is made into a
stiff mass, with as much meal as may be required, and then baked into
small cakes which are put around for the rats to eat."

=Another Simple Remedy.=--A writer in the _Scientific American_ says:
"We clean our premises of rats by making whitewash yellow with
copperas and covering the stones in the cellar with it. In every
crevice or hole in which a rat may tread we put crystals of the
copperas and scatter the same in the corners of the floor. The result
was a perfect stampede of rats and mice. Since that time not a
footfall of either has been heard about the house. Every spring a coat
of the yellow wash is given the cellar as a purifier and rat
exterminator, and no typhoid, dysentery or fever attacks the family.
Many persons deliberately attract all the rats in the neighborhood by
leaving fruits and vegetables uncovered in the cellar, and sometimes
even the soap is left open for their regalement. Cover up everything
eatable in the cellar and pantry, and you will soon starve them out.
These precautions, joined to the services of a good cat, will prove as
good an exterminator as the chemist can provide. We never allow rats
to be poisoned in our dwelling, they are so liable to die between the
walls and produce much annoyance."

=Another very Simple Remedy=--=Not Poisonous.=--Take equal quantities of
rye meal, and unslacked, finely powdered lime, mix well, dry, but
water in flat dishes may be set near. Put this on pieces of dry
boards, in places which they infest. They will eat it readily, and
soon become thirsty, and go for the water which slacks the lime, and
the gas destroys them quickly.

=Lice on Plants=--=Successful Destroyer.=--A correspondent of the
California _Horticulturist_, having exhausted all the known remedies
for destroying plant lice and other minute forms of insect life which
play upon plants, resorted to coal oil (kerosene) which proved a
complete exterminator. He says: "I procured from a druggist an
atomizer, and filling the bottle with kerosene, sprayed over a camelia
to be experimented upon. It was a very dirty plant, branches and
leaves covered not only with scale, but with black fungus; a very
small quantity sufficed to vaporize and cover the entire plant. After
the fluid had evaporated and the plant was dry, the scales were found
dead, shriveled and partly detached, and with the slightest touch fell
off; the black fungus, also, which everybody knows is so tenacious on
the leaf, was dried up into a loose powder, which a shake sent to the
ground."

=Green Lice on Plants, to Destroy.=--A writer says: "Steep tobacco in
water, and when the liquid is lukewarm, sprinkle the plants thoroughly
with it. Two or three applications will cause them to hasten their
going, and generally prove sufficient to rid the plants entirely of
them. If it does not, repeat until the plants are free. The natural
dried leaf is best, in the proportion of one leaf to a quart of water;
but any tobacco will do. The above will not injure the most delicate
plant, and is better than smoke, so often recommended.

=Bugs on Squash and Cucumber Vines, to Destroy with Saltpetre.=--The
following appeared in the _Southern Husbandman_: "To destroy bugs on
squashes and cucumber vines, dissolve a table-spoonful of saltpetre in
a pail of water, put a pint of this around each hill, shaping the
earth so that it will not spread much, and the thing is done. The more
saltpetre, if you can afford it--it is good for vegetable but death to
animal life. The bugs burrow in the earth at night and fail to rise in
the morning. It is also good to kill grub in peach trees--only use
twice as much, say a quart to each tree. There was not a yellow or
blistered leaf on 12 or 15 trees to which it was applied last season.
No danger of killing any vegetable with it. A concentrated solution
applied to beans makes them grow wonderfully."

=Bugs on Cucumber and Melon Vines, etc., Simple Remedy.=--"For the last
five years," says a writer to the Chicago _Times_, "I have not lost a
cucumber or melon vine or cabbage plant. Get a barrel with a few
gallons of gas tar in it; pour water on the tar, always have it ready
when needed; and when the bugs appear, give them a liberal drink of
the tar-water from a garden sprinkler or otherwise, and if the rain
washes it off and they return repeat the dose. It will also destroy
the Colorado potato beetle, and frighten the old long potato bug worse
than a thrashing with a brush. Five years ago this summer both kinds
appeared on my late potatoes, and I watered with the tar-water. The
next day all Colorados that had not been well protected from the
sprinkling were dead, and the others, though their name was legion,
were all gone, and I have never seen one of them on the farm since. I
am aware that many will look upon this with indifference because it is
so cheap and simple a remedy. Such should always feed both their own
and their neighbors' bugs, as they frequently do."

_Remarks._--The gentleman does not say how many gals. of tar to a bbl.
of water. I should say 4 or 5 would be plenty. See oiled-cloth for hot
beds; boxes for hills, etc., which protect from bugs.

=FUNGUS=--=in Cellars, to destroy.=--The use of sulphur to destroy fungoid
growths in greenhouses and vineries is well known to horticulturists.
The same remedy may be applied to destroy fungus and mould in cellars,
in many of which it exists to such an extent as to damage produce
stored there. Take some stick sulphur, generally called brimstone, but
'tis only sulphur in stick form, and place in a pan and set fire to
it, on a pan or kettle of coals is best plan; close the doors, making
the cellar as nearly air-tight as possible for a few hours, when the
fungi will be destroyed and the mould dried up. Repeat this simple and
inexpensive operation every 2 or 3 months, and the cellar will be free
from all parasitical growth.

=PASTE.=--=Cement or Mucilage for Labels, Postage and Revenue Stamps,
etc.=--Soak good glue, 5 oz., in water, 20 oz., for one day; after
which add rock candy or loaf sugar, 9 oz., and gum arabic, 3 oz.; and
when these are dissolved, it is ready to be spread on paper. It keeps
well; does not get brittle nor wrinkled, and does not make the sheets
stick when they are piled upon each other.--_Dingler's Polytechnic
Journal._

=Mucilage, Simple and Good.=--Put nice gum Arabic,  lb. into a -pt.
bottle, then fill it with soft water, and cork. Turn it bottom upwards
and shake occasionally for a day or two, or until dissolved, and it is
ready to use for putting paper together of any kind.

=Mucilage for Fancy Work.=--Gum tragacanth, 1 oz., corrosive sublimate,
a thimbleful, and soft water, 1 pints. Put into a bottle and let
dissolve, corking tightly. Stir occasionally with a stick. As it is
poisonous, it should be kept out of the reach of children. The
mucilage will keep for months.--_Toledo Post._

=CEMENT, OR PASTE=--=New and Strong, That Sticks to Leather, Wood, Stone,
Glass, Porcelain, Ivory, Parchment, Paper, Feathers, Wool, Cotton,
Linen, and Even to Varnish.=--A new cement which is well spoken of is
made by melting in an iron vessel equal parts of common pitch and
gutta-percha; it is not attacked by water, and adheres firmly to
leather, wood, stone, glass, porcelain, ivory, paper, feathers, wool,
cotton, linen, and even to varnish.--_Pansy, Stryker, Ohio, in Blade._

=1. Glue, Liquid, and Moth Glue.=--Take any sized bottle, and half fill
it with whiskey, and put in nice bits of glue to make it, when
dissolved, which it will do in two or three days, as thick as
molasses. It remains liquid, and is good for any purpose that glue is
used for.

For the moth glue, dissolve any amount of glue in as little water as
possible, by putting it in another dish of water to prevent burning,
then add only one-fourth as much nice white sugar, by weight as you
use of glue, and when melted pour upon a slightly greased slab, or
tin. Used by wetting the glue in the mouth and touching the parts to
be united and holding together a moment.

=Glue, Water-Proof.=--Best clear glue,  lb., new milk, 1 pint.
DIRECTIONS.--Soak the glue in the milk 8 to 10 hours; then boil, by
setting the basin in a pan of water, with nails under the bottom of
the basin, to prevent burning. Use as other glue. The casein of the
milk aids in resisting dampness.

=Glue, to Resist the Action of Water.=--"A glue which will resist the
action of water is made by boiling best glue, 1 lb. in skim milk, 2
quarts."

=Glue, Very Strong for Veneering and Inlaying.=--"Take the best light
brown glue, free from clouds and streaks; dissolve in water to the
consistence of well-made glue, and to each pint add half a gill (2
ozs.) of the best vinegar, and 1 ozs. of isinglass."

=Glues, Liquid.=--"H.," of Mt. Clemens, Mich., in writing to one of the
papers, says: "Liquid glue can be made by adding to the ordinary
solution of glue, for each lb. of glue used, 1 fl. oz. of strong
nitric acid."

"Or take 1 part (oz.) of dry glue, powdered, and parts (ozs.) of
commercial acetic acid, which will dissolve the glue without heat."

_Remarks._--See "Dr. Chase's Magic Mender," among the cements, which
is made with isinglass dissolved in acetic acid, and is very strong.
Glass or porcelain dishes only can be used with any acid, without
dissolving the glues. See also mucilages, cements, etc., for fancy or
other work, above.

=Glue, Liquid, Simple, and Easily Made.=--An excellent glue is made as
follows: White glue, 2 ozs., good vinegar, 1 gill (4 ozs.) Put into a
wide-mouthed bottle, and set the bottle in cold water, letting it come
to a boil gradually, and boiling until the glue is dissolved; then add
alcohol, 1 oz.; and after this keep corked for use.--_Toledo Post._
Good.

=WIRE-WORMS.=--=Protection Against for Corn.=--I give you my experience
with the wire-worm. Being troubled with the little pests one year, I
was advised to soak my seed corn in a solution of copperas and
saltpetre, using  lb. each to a bushel of ears of common eight-rowed
corn. The result was that my seed all grew, and I lost none by the
wire-worms, and I never saw corn have so dark and vigorous a color
before. Since then I have always soaked my corn 12 hours after being
shelled. I do not know as it would affect the cut-worm, but I have
never been troubled with them since I used the solution of copperas
and saltpetre. Neither was I ever troubled with them when I plowed my
corn ground in the fall, which I would invariably do on old sod. Some
farmers exterminate them by hunting them out in the hill and killing
them by hand, but this is slow and tedious, and is liable to be
slighted by hired help. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of
cure is a proverb true in this case.--_J. B., in Country Gentleman._

=Wire-Worms, Protection Against, as done near London, Eng., where Soot
is Plentiful.=--An agricultural writer in the London _Land and Water_,
under the head of "Soot _vs_. Wire-Worms," says: "I found the
wire-worm so abundant in every part of the garden I was set to
cultivate that I could scarcely grow a potato or a carrot without its
being rendered useless by it; and, among the various things I was led
to adopt as preventives, soot appeared to be the only effectual
remedy. This I applied to potato crops in the following manner: The
drills were got ready in their usual way and the sets laid in at the
bottom of each drill. The soot was then put down upon them in quantity
sufficient to cause the drills to assume quite a black appearance.
This being done the drills were closed in the ordinary manner to the
natural level, and the work was finished. Wherever soot was applied
the crops turned out clean and good; scarcely a trace of the
wire-worm's ravages was to be seen, while those from rows not dressed
with soot were quite the reverse, the potatoes being pierced through
in every direction and fit only for feeding pigs.

=Cucumbers, Melons, Cabbage, Tomatoes, etc.=--=To prevent Bugs from
destroying the Plant.=--_For Cucumbers._--Experience has shown that if
a box or frame about 12 inches square, and 5 or 6 inches deep, having
neither top nor bottom, is put over each hill of cucumbers when
planted, and banked up around the bottom so that the striped bug
cannot crawl under, they will never light down in the boxes, and
hence, any plants thus protected are safe from their depredations.
Boxes may be removed before the plants begin to run over them, and be
saved for another year. Half-inch stuff is heavy enough for them, if
well nailed. See also Oiled Cloth for Hot-Beds; Boxes for Hills; Safe
Culture from Bugs, etc., which is only a little more expensive.

_For Cabbage, Tomatoes, etc._--In place of boxes, other persons have
recommended the peeling of ash, basswood, or other saplings of about 4
inches in diameter, that will peel, be cut off in lengths of about 4
or 5 inches, and the rings placed over cabbage, tomatoes, or other
plants as a perfect protection, securing well at the bottom to prevent
their crawling under. When the bark of any suitable tree cannot be
got, pasteboard rings, I think, would answer all purposes, tied
together to prevent them from opening out. The same as the barks would
be.

_For Melons_, or other plants in hills, use the bark of larger trees.
This, the writer claimed to be better than paper, which I had
recommended in one of my former books, as the bark does not soften
down by the rains. Boxes will do just as well, if any less trouble to
obtain. Either must be pressed a little into the ground so the bugs
cannot crawl under. See also insecticide, and other things to destroy
insects, bugs, etc., upon plants.

Another plan, and claimed to be safe, is to sprinkle a little fine
soot upon cucumber vines, squash, etc., which are liable to be
attacked by any insects. If good against wire-worms (which see), why
not good against these pests, too? It no doubt is.

Another writer says: "Last season I kept the striped bugs from my
cucumber vines by saturating (making perfectly wet) ashes with
kerosene and applying a handful to a hill." He does not say, but I
think he means to the ground, as they burrow in the ground at night,
and, as a writer says in some other place, "they don't come up, or
out, in the morning." They are killed by it.

=TURNIPS, BEETS, ETC.=--=To Keep Nicely in Cellars for Winter Use.
Applicable to all Kinds of Roots and Large Fruits.=--All kinds of roots
keep better in the cellar by throwing fresh dirt over them; but
turnips and beets especially keep much better for this, as they soon
wilt and lose their freshness without it. Put in barrels, if it is too
unhandy to thus cover them on the floor, by putting dirt in the
bottom, and a layer every few inches, the roots not to come out to the
sides by an inch at least, and then 5 or 6 inches of dirt on top.
Large casks or boxes will do as well, and be less trouble. Some people
do not put any earth in until the barrel is filled to within 6 inches
of the top, then shake in dry sand, or dry road-dust, and cover with
the same or fresh earth. Only such as are wanted for winter use are
treated in this way, the others stand in root-pits, ventilated as seen
under that head.

"A cellar," says a writer, "that is cool, dry, dark and well
ventilated, is the best place for preserving potatoes in large
quantities. When smaller quantities are to be preserved there is
nothing like dry sand. The same may be said of fruits and roots of all
sorts." See below.

This is fully confirmed by the next item, so far as lemons and oranges
are concerned, from a California paper.

=STAMMERING=--=to Cure.=--A gentleman who had stammered from childhood to
nearly manhood, gives the plan that cured him, as follows:--He says,
go into a room where you will be quiet and alone, get some books that
will interest but not excite you, and sit down and read 2 hours aloud
to yourself, keeping your teeth together. Do the same thing every 2 or
3 days, or once a week if very tiresome, always taking care to read
slowly and distinctly, moving the lips but not the teeth. Then, when
conversing with others, try to speak as slowly and distinctly as
possible, and making up your mind you will not stammer. Well, I tried
this remedy, not having much faith in it, I must confess, but willing
to do most anything to cure myself of such an annoying difficulty. I
read for 2 hours aloud with my teeth together. The first result was to
make my tongue and jaws ache, that is while I was reading, and the
next to make me feel as if something had loosened my talking
apparatus, for I could speak with less difficulty immediately. The
change was so great that every one who knew me remarked it. I repeated
the remedy every 5 or 6 days for a month, and then at longer intervals
until cured.

=PAPERING.=--=Making the Paste, etc.=--As many people desire to do their
own papering, a few hints will not be amiss:

I. Walls that have been white-washed may be papered by first wetting
the walls well with alum water, 1 lb. to 2 gals. of water, and letting
dry before papering.

II. Trim one edge off with the shears, and match the pattern as you
cut off the lengths.

III. Make the paste the day before it is wanted to have it cold when
applied to the paper. A gal. or 5 qts. will be needed for a room
requiring 12 to 14 rolls. Mix a little over 1 pt. of flour into a thin
dough, and thin down to avoid lumps; put then 1 gal. of water into a
kettle, and when it boils, pour in the thin, hot batter and stir to
avoid burning until it boils again; then pour into a tin pail or pan,
and let stand till next day, and if lumpy, strain and press through a
coarse muslin, and proceed with the papering. Rub out carefully with a
towel all wind puffs, to avoid wrinkles when dry.

=Toothache Drops, Japanese, Magical.=--To quiet the pains in an aching
tooth nothing can excel Japanese Drops. The formula (recipe) is: "Put
together equal parts of creosote, chloroform, carbolic acid (liquid),
oil of peppermint, oil of cloves, and oil of camphor (camphorated oil,
kept by druggists). The result is a liquid that will give almost
instant relief, if applied on a bit of cotton to the cavity of an
aching tooth, and yet is no more fiery in the mouth than oil of cloves
would be. The drops smell most strongly of creosote, while peppermint
predominates in the taste. It is best to swallow as little as possible
of the mixture."--_Country Gentleman._

=SCARE-CROWS=--=How to Make.=--Take two small, cheap mirrors, fasten them
back to back, attach a cord to and hang them to a pole. When the glass
swings the sun's rays are reflected all over the field, even if it be
a large one, and even the oldest and bravest crow will depart
precipitately should one of its lightning flashes fall on him. [Good
only when the sun shines.]

II. The second plan, although a terror to the crow is especially well
suited to fields subject to the inroads of small birds, and even
chickens. It involves the artificial hawk, made from a large potato
and long goose or turkey feathers. The maker can exercise his
imitative skill in sticking the feathers into the potato so that they
resemble the spread tail and wings of a hawk. It is astonishing what a
ferocious looking bird of prey can be constructed from the above
simple material. It only remains to hang the object from a tall, bent
pole, and the wind will do the rest. The bird will make swoops and
dashes in the most threatening manner. Even the most inquisitive of
venerable hens have been known to hurry rapidly from its dangerous
vicinity, while to small birds it carries unmixed dismay.--_Scientific
American._

Another plan is to string a few kernels of corn on long horse-hairs,
and place about the corn fields. The crows will swallow some of them
and make such a noise of alarm as to drive the others away, while he
will continue to scratch his throat to get rid of the corn, or rather
the hair, which is said to rid the field of them for the season. It is
easily tried.

=Hawks and Owls, Best way to Catch.=--Set a pole, 15 feet high, or
thereabouts, in a place near where the chickens are kept, and fasten a
steel trap on the top and set it, so that when they light on it, which
they will do, it takes them "sure pop," every time.

=STORING CELERY.=--=For Spring Use.=--The _Germantown Telegraph_ says: "We
have tried most ways, but prefer this one, followed for many years. A
trench is dug from 12 to 15 inches in depth and as long as may be
suitable. Place the roots in this singly, side by side, at an
angle--that is, leaning somewhat; three inches of soil are packed
against them; then another line of stalks, until the bed is as large
as may be convenient for covering, when another, if required, can be
made. The soil should be added until within 6 inches of the top of the
stalks; then a layer of straw, then a layer of dry leaves; the whole
to have a good board covering, to keep out water. Of course, rather
high ground for the bed, or beds, should be selected, and a trench dug
around the bed deeper than the bottom of the celery trenches, so made
as to be sure to carry off all the water. If this plan is followed
strictly, all others may be abandoned, as the celery will keep only
till spring, but as long in spring as may be desired, if it is not all
eaten beforehand."

=FLY POISON.=--Arsenate of potassa, 1 oz.; red lead,  oz.; sugar, 5
ozs. Mix well together, bottle and cork for use, and label _Poison_.

=FLY STICKUMFAST.=--=Not Poisonous.=--Melt rosin, 6 ozs., in a tin cup,
then put in lard, 1 rounding table-spoonful, as a woman takes it up
for shortening, or about 2 ozs., which should make it like very thick
molasses when cold. Spread upon rather stiff paper with a little flat
piece of wood or a knife, and place upon the shelves, rooms, etc. If a
knife is used to spread it, heat the knife over the fire when it will
all wipe off with a piece of newspaper or cloth. It will hold all that
light upon it, and the more that light the more will come, thinking
something good has been found. It holds them fast. Place a paper over
the cup to keep flies out when it is set away.

=LEGITIMATE BUSINESS.=--=To be Stuck to if You Would Avoid
Failure.=--There are so many failures, I desire to say a word, if
possible, to those who mean to do the right thing, to enable them to
be successful, hence, with some modification by myself on some points,
I give the following sensible article of some writer, I know not who,
but I do well know if business men will be guided by it, _i. e._,
stick to their legitimate business, keeping all their capital in it,
necessary to carry it on, there will not be one failure where there is
now a score.

"Well-directed energy and enterprise are the life of American
progress; but if there is one lesson taught more plainly than others
by the great failures of late, it is that safety lies in a legitimate
business. No manufacturer, trader, or banker, has any right to be so
energetic and enterprising as to take from his legitimate business the
capital which it requires to meet any emergency which may arise.

"Apologies are sometimes made for firms, or persons, who have failed,
by referring to the important experiments they have aided, and the
unnumbered fields of enterprise where they have freely scattered their
money. We are told that individual losses, sustained by those
failures, will be as nothing compared with the benefits conferred on
the community by their liberality in contributing to every public
work. There is little force in such reasoning. A man's relations to a
creditor are vastly different from his relations to what is called the
public. The demands of the one are definite, the claims of the other
are just what the ambition and legitimate means of the man may make
them.

"The histories of honorable, successful business men unite to exalt
the importance of sticking to one legitimate business, and it is most
instructive to see that, in the greater portion of the failures, the
real cause of disaster was the branching out beyond his legitimate
business, in the taking hold of this and that tempting offer, and, for
the sake of some hoped-for gain, venturing where they did not know the
ground, and could not know the pit-fall until in it."

=INTEREST.=--=Simple and Easy Rules to Compute.=--For finding the interest
on any principal for any number of days. [The answer in each case
being in cents, separate the two right-hand figures of answer to
express in dollars and cents]: Four per cent.--multiply--the principal
in all cases--by the number of days, and divide by 90; 5 per
cent.--multiply by number of days, and divide by 72; 6 per
cent.--multiply by number of days, and divide by 60; 7 per
cent.--multiply by number of days, and divide by 50; 8 per
cent.--multiply by number of days, and divide by 45; 9 per
cent.--multiply by number of days, and divide by 40; 10 per
cent.--multiply by number of days, and divide by 36; 12 per
cent.--multiply by number of days, and divide by 30; 15 per
cent.--multiply by number of days, and divide by 24; 18 per
cent.--multiply by number of days, and divide by 20; 20 per
cent.--multiply by number of days, and divide by 18; 24 per
cent.--multiply by number of days, and divide by 15; without regard to
fraction or remainder in any case; may add, however, the interest to
the amount found for any fractional part of a dollar, if any such is
found in the note or principal.

=Cess Pools Disinfected Instantly.=--Prof. Thos. Taylor reports that 1
tablespoonful of spirits of turpentine in 1 pail of water will
disinfect an ordinary cess pool instantly, and that in the sick
chamber it will prove a powerful auxiliary against germs and bad
odors.

_Remarks._--Then, I think, 2 or 3 spoonsful to the pail of water would
be equally effective for a water-closet--privy.

=Oil on the Water has Enabled Vessels to Outride Storms at Sea.=--The
schooner George Sherman was reported, May 30, 1884, by the Chicago
papers, to have ridden out the gale on Lake Michigan that week by
pouring on the water 12 gallons of linseed oil, which calmed the waves
for a distance of half a mile from the ship. This is, no doubt, true,
but wonderful all the same--one of the mysteries of nature--Nature's
God.

=INDELIBLE INK.=--=For Marking Clothing, to Write with a
Pen.=--_Ink_--into an ounce bottle, put nitrate of silver (lunar
caustic), 1 dr.; gum Arabic, clean and white, 3 or 4 pieces the size
of a common pea; then fill {2/3} full with soft water. This ought to
be in a dark-colored, glass-stoppered bottle. Else it must be kept in
a dark place when not in use. This is the ink proper; but to make it
permanent, we have to first use a pounce, which also prevents the ink
from spreading in the cloth, as follows:

_Pounce._--Into a 4 oz. bottle put sub-carbonate of soda, 2 drs.; fill
with water. DIRECTIONS.--Wet the places to be written upon with the
pounce, and iron smooth with a properly heated iron; then rub hard
over the same spot with the end of a tooth brush handle, to polish,
that the writing may be done nicely with the ink, using only a quill
pen; then pass the hot iron over the writing to dry, and set the ink,
else dry, in the sun. This, if properly done makes it perfectly
indelible.--_Indian Domestic Economy._

=Indelible Ink, Quickly and Cheaply made.=--A correspondent of the
Detroit _Free Press Household_, gives us the following very simple
home made way of making the ink and doing the work, and I will
guarantee it will prove satisfactory. She says:

Rain water, 1 table-spoonful; vinegar,  tea-spoonful lunar caustic,
druggists keep this in small sticks, a piece 3 inches long; put all in
an ounce bottle, and shake occasionally till dissolved. Keep in a dark
place.

DIRECTIONS.--To each tea-spoonful of milk--needed to wet the places
upon which the name is to be written--dissolve a piece of baking soda
as large as a grain of corn; iron it smoothly, and write the name
with a quill pen with the ink immediately.

_Remarks._--Dry with the hot iron or in the sun, as in No. 1. In the
same communication the lady said: Common soda, (the same as baking
soda), in powder, with a damp cloth, and a brisk rubbing, is the best
thing to clean tinware, rubbing it dry.

=Home-Made Filter, Cheap and very satisfactory.=--Take a large
flower-pot, put a piece of sponge over the hole in the bottom, fill 
full of equal parts of clean sand and charcoal the size of a pea; over
this lay a woollen cloth large enough to hang over the sides of the
pot. Pour water into the cloth and it will come out pure after the
dust from the coal has been rubbed off by a few fillings. When it
works too slow take off the woollen cloth and wash it thoroughly and
replace it again, is all that will be required for a long time.

=BOOTS AND SHOES=--=Cement for Patching Without Sewing.=--Pure gutta
Percha, eschewed or cut fine,  oz., sulphide of carbon, 1 ozs. is
about the right proportions. It should be the consistence of thick
molasses. Keep corked when not in use, as the sulphide is very
evaporative. DIRECTIONS--Cut the patch the right shape, pare the edge
thin, remove all dirt and grease from the place to be mended. Apply 2
or 3 coats of the cement to boot and patch, with a suitable spatula or
flat stick, as a brush soon dries up; heat each and press on the patch
with a warm burnishing iron, as shoe-makers understand.

=Boots=--=To Make Water-Proof.=--Farmers and others whose business calls
them into wind, snow, etc., ought to have their boots made purposely
for them, not of thick, heavy cow-hide, but kip or some soft and
pliable leather; a kind the shoe-makers know as a "runner," is good,
and the soles should be double the whole length, and of firm and well
tanned leather, and before wearing the soles should be well filled
with tallow, heated and dried in; then oil the uppers with castor oil,
also heated in, at least, a tablespoonful of it to each boot; then, if
out in muddy or damp weather, or snow, or if you are compelled to
stand or work in water during the day, wash off the boots clean at
night, warming them by the fire while wet, and rub in the castor oil,
a tablespoonful at least to each boot, and there will be no
shrinkage, nor hard boots to get on in the morning. Do this twice to
thrice a week all winter, as the show or mud demands.

The following is condensed from a report of one Delos Wood, address
not given, to the _Indiana Farmer_, retaining all that is essential to
understand it. He says, "I have stood in mud and water 2 or 3 inches
deep, for 10 hours a day for a week, without feeling any dampness or
having any difficulty in getting my boots on or off, by this heating
every night." He had previously tried one of the water-proof receipts
containing rosin, tallow, etc., but found this the best plan. I will,
however, give one of this kind, that any one may suit himself as to
plans. The compounds containing rosin, however, must have a tendency
to harden the leather, but kerosene, as mentioned below, is now said
to soften them as soft as when new, so suit yourselves as to which
shall be used. The oil dressing and blacking for leather, carriage
tops, etc., below, must from the nature of its ingredients, prove a
good dressing for boots; but if I was making it expressly for boots,
I'd leave out the Prussian blue. Neat's foot-oil, and castor oil are
both very softening for all kinds of leather. Still, it is considered
that rosin and Burgundy pitch both have a tendency to harden leather;
but, as seen below, it has recently been discovered that kerosene will
soften old boots equal to new.

=Farmer Boy's Water-Proofing for Boots.=--"Farmer Boy," of Buchanan,
Mich., gave one of the papers the following water-proofing for boots,
which will be found good. He says: "Melt together beef tallow, 4 ozs.;
rosin and beeswax, each, 1 oz., and when nearly cooled add as much
neat's foot oil as the above mixture measures (6 ozs. will be near
enough). It is to be applied with a soft rag, both to the soles and
uppers. The leather should be warmed meanwhile before the fire, and
the application well rubbed in. It requires two applications to make
the leather thoroughly water-proof."

=Rubber Water-Proofing for Boots.=--Neat's foot oil, 1 pt.; old rubber
boots, 2 lb.; rosin, 1 oz. DIRECTIONS--Melt slowly, and then pour off
from or take out the cloth of the old boots, and apply warm. The boots
will be water and snow-proof.--_"C. E. G." in Scientific American._

=Jettine, or Liquid Shoe Blacking--Water-Proof, and Does Not Soil
Ladies' White Dresses.=--Alcohol, 1 qt.; gum shellac,  lb.; camphor
gum, size of a hen's egg; lamp black, 1 oz. DIRECTIONS--Break up the
shellac finely and put into a bottle with the alcohol, keeping in a
warm place and shaking a dozen times daily till dissolved; then break
up the gum camphor and put in, and when dissolved add the lamp black,
when it is ready for use. Apply with a sponge fastened with wire to
the cork. The camphor prevents the cracking of the varnish. It may be
applied to anything requiring a black finish.

=Boots and Shoes, Jet Polish for.=--Nice clear glue,  lb.; logwood
chips,  lb.; powered indigo, isinglass and soft soap, each, 2
teaspoonfuls; best cider vinegar, 1 qt.; soft water, 1 pt.
DIRECTIONS--Put all together and boil 10 minutes, after it begins to
boil. When cool, strain. Remove all dirt from the boots or shoes and
apply with sponge or swab.

=Boots, Hard, to Soften.=--The latest discovery as to the uses of
kerosene is that it softens boots or shoes which have become hard from
water-soaking, making them as pliable as new; but they should then
have a coat or two of one of the castor oil or Neat's foot oil
dressings to prevent a like condition again. It you doubt it, try it
on a piece of old leather, as I did first.

=Oil Dressing and Blacking for All Kinds of Leather, Carriage Tops,
etc.=--For 1 gal., take Neat's foot oil or fish oil (Neat's foot is the
best), 3 qts.; mutton tallow, 2 lbs.; castor oil, 1 pt.; ivory black,
very fine, 1 lbs.; Prussian Blue  lb.; beeswax,  lb.; rosin,  lb.;
Burgundy pitch, 1 oz. DIRECTIONS--Put all together in an iron kettle
over the fire; boil and stir  an hour; then set off and let settle 15
minutes, and pour off, free of all sediment. When cold it is ready for
use.

Valuable as a water-proof for boots and shoes, harness, carriage tops,
etc. The dirt in all cases to be cleaned off or washed off and allowed
to dry, as the case demands. For this recipe, and the one for
"Excelsior Axle Grease," an old farmer friend of mine and myself
joined, paid $1 for them to a man who lived near Ann Arbor and was
selling them on the streets, and had been doing so for some time, the
articles giving satisfaction. As the two seem to belong together, I
will give the axle grease here. He called it

=Allen's Excelsior Axle Grease.=--Castor oil and linseed oil, each, 1
qt.; tallow and rosin, each, 2 lbs.; beeswax, 1 lb. DIRECTIONS--Heat
all well together, stirring to incorporate and stir till cool.

"If either of these are too hard," he said, "add a little Neat's foot
oil; if too soft, a little more tallow." They will prove valuable.

=Boot, Shoe and Harness Edge Blacking, Cheap.=--Soft water, 1 pt.;
alcohol,  pt.; tinct. muriate of iron and ex. of logwood, each, 2
ozs.; best blue nutgalls, 1 ozs. DIRECTIONS.--Pulverize the galls and
put into a bottle, adding the others; let it stand a few days, shaking
several times daily, until the extract of logwood is dissolved, when
it is ready for use and will give great satisfaction.

It has been customary to use all alcohol, but a shoemaker, considering
the use of all water in inks, concluded, and proved by test, that for
summer, water is just as good: and for winter the above amount of
alcohol is sufficient.

=Rubber Boots, to Mend.=--In a recent _Blade_ a request was made for the
publication of a recipe to mend rubber boots and shoes, to which they
gave the following: "Cut 1 lb. of caoutchouc into thin, small slices;
heat in a suitable vessel over a moderate coal fire, until the
caoutchouc becomes fluid; then add  lb. of powdered rosin, and melt
both materials at a moderate heat. When these are perfectly fluid,
gradually add 3 or 4 lbs. spirits of turpentine in small portions, and
stir well. By the addition of the last, the rapid thickening and
hardening of the compound will be prevented, and a mixture obtained
fully answering the purpose of glueing together rubber surfaces, etc.

A coal fire is called for merely to avoid the blaze of a wood fire,
which is liable to set the turpentine on fire while pouring in. Avoid
a blaze, and let there be only a moderate fire, makes it safe with
wood. Over a stove will be most safe. One-fourth or {1/8} the amount
can be made as well, keeping the same proportions; and, if I was
making it, I should put all together in the vessel, as there would be
less danger of burning the caoutchouc. Keep covered when not in use,
to prevent its drying up. The rosin makes it very tenacious.

=Tanning Skins with the Hair or Wool On.=--Alum, 3 lbs.; rock salt (good
hard salt will do),  lb. DIRECTIONS.--Soak the skin in water for one
day; then remove all meat fat, etc. Dissolve, by boiling, the alum
and salt in sufficient water to cover the skin--this amount for a
deer, dog, wolf, or sheep skin--pour into a tub, and when only
lukewarm, put in the skin and let it soak for 4 days, working it with
a pounder or square-ended stick of wood every day; then dry in the
shade--a warm shed is a good place to dry in. Then heat up the tan
liquor again, and re-soak as before, after which wash out well and
beat it with a wooden mallet till quite soft; dry again in the shade,
rubbing it well from time to time with the hands. If this is properly
done, you will have a very soft and pliable skin, suitable for any
purpose for which such skins are used.--_Indian Domestic Economy._

The following, which is somewhat different, I take from the Toronto
_Globe_, as it suggests the plan of coloring or dyeing, making them
equal to those on sale in the stores. It was given under the following
head:

=To make Mats from Sheepskins.=--"Take a fresh skin and wash the wool in
strong soap-suds only slightly warm to the hand. Pick out all the dirt
from the wool, and scrub it well on a wash-board. A tablespoonful of
kerosene added to 3 gallons of warm soap-suds will greatly help the
cleaning. Wash in another suds, or until the wool looks white and
clean. Then put the skin into cold water, enough to cover it, and
dissolve  lb. of salt and the same quantity of alum in 3 pts. of
boiling water; pour the mixture over the skin, and rinse it up and
down in the water. Let it soak in this water 12 hours, then hang it
over a fence or line to drain. When well drained stretch it on a board
to dry, or nail it on the wall of the wood-house, or barn, wool side
towards the boards. When nearly dry, rub into the skin 1 oz. each of
powdered alum and saltpetre (if the skin is large, double the
quantity); rub this in for an hour or so. To do this readily, the skin
must be taken down and spread on a flat surface. Fold the skin's sides
together and hang the mat away; rub it in every day for 3 days, or
till perfectly dry. Scrape off the skin with a stick or blunt knife
till cleared of all impurities, then rub it with pumice-stone or
rotten-stone. Trim it to a good shape, and you have an excellent mat.
Dye it green, blue, or scarlet, and you have as elegant a mat as those
bought in the stores. Lambskins may be prepared in the same way and
made into caps and mittens. Dyed a handsome brown or black they are
equal to the best imported skins. Still-born lambs, or those that die
very young, furnish very soft skins, which, if properly prepared,
would make as handsome sacques, muffs, and tippets as the far-famed
Astrakhan. In dying these skins shallow vessels are used, which permit
the skin to be placed in them wool-side down, so that the skin itself
is not injured by the hot dye."

The coloring can be done with any of the recipes for coloring woollen
goods, being careful that the skin itself is not allowed to touch the
hot dye.

=1. RECIPES FOR BAKING POWDER.=--Tartaric acid, 1 oz.; cream of tartar,
10 ozs.; bicarbonate of soda, 5 ozs. Mix thoroughly. This is improved
by the addition of 4 ozs. of flour.

=2.= Cream of tartar, 6 ozs.; bicarbonate of soda, 2 ozs.; flour, 4
ozs.

This receipt was procured from a chemist, and is a receipt for one of
the best brands of baking powder sold by the trade.




DRINKS.


=Bottling Cider, to Keep for Years.=--A writer in the _New England
Farmer_ gives his plan of bottling cider that will keep for years. He
says: Leach and filter the cider through pure sand, after it has
worked and fermented, and before it has soured. Put no alcohol or
other substances with it. Be sure that the vessels you put it in are
perfectly clean and sweet. After it is leached or filtered, put it in
barrels or casks filled, leaving no room for air; bung them tight, and
keep it where it won't freeze till February or March, then put it into
champagne bottles filled; drive the corks and wire them. It should be
done in a cellar or room that is comfortable for work. The best cider
is late made, or made when it is as cold as can be and not freeze.

=Boiled Cider=--=How to do It, and Its Uses.=--This is prepared by boiling
sweet cider down in the proportion of 4 gals. to 1 (I have always
bottled only 3 to 1). Skim it well during boiling, and at the last
take especial care that it does not scorch. A brass kettle, well
cleansed with salt and vinegar, and washed with clear water, is the
best thing to boil it in. For tart pies for summer use it is
excellent; and for mince pies it is superior to brandy or any
distilled liquor, and in fruit cake it is preferable to brandy, and
also nice to stew dried apples in for sauce. It is a very convenient
article in a family.--_Country Gentleman._

=Wine=--=Wild Grape, to Make Wine.=--Wild grape juice--half-and-half--with
water. First having mashed the grapes and let it stand 2 or 3 days,
then press out and strain, adding the water and white sugar, 16 lbs.
to each 5 gallon keg, and let work 2 weeks, filling up full with more
of the same, and bung tight. In February, when I obtained it, it was
very nice indeed. Almost, if not quite, equal to port--better than
half the port we buy.

=Blackberry Wine=--=to Make Properly.=--Take, of course, clean kegs or
casks; let the berries be ripe; extract the juice with a small wine
or cider press, or it can be done through coarse cotton cloths; then
pass the juice through a strainer; let the juice stand for 2 or 3 days
in the tub until the first fermentation is over, then skim off the top
carefully, and add to every quart of juice 3 lbs. of the best yellow
sugar, and water enough to make 1 gallon. Put all in a kettle, and let
it come to a boil, and then skim again. When cool, put in a keg, fill
up to the bung, place in the cellar and let it remain there with the
bung off until after the second fermentation, which will be in 4 or 5
days. Meantime keep the cask full by pouring in wine that has been
reserved for the purpose. After the second fermentation, put in the
bung tight and let it remain in the cask several months, say to the
following February or March, when it should be carefully drawn off and
put in bottles, or, what is better, demijohns of from 1 to 5 gallons.
It will keep for any length of time without the addition of a drop of
whiskey or brandy, and will prove a very agreeable and whole-some
drink.--_"Sophia B.," in Germantown Telegraph._

=Unfermented Wines=--=to Make.=--The juice of grapes, blackberries,
raspberries, etc., pressed out without mashing the seeds, adding
water, 1 pint, and sugar,  lb. for each pint of the juice; then boil
a few minutes, skimming if any sediment or scum rises, and bottling
while hot, corking tightly, cutting off the corks, and dipping the
tops into wax, and keeping in a dry, cool place, gives a wine that no
one would object to, if iced when drank. They are nourishing,
satisfying to the thirst, and not intoxicating, because there has been
no fermentation. Made of grapes, this wine is in every way suitable
for communion, but might be preferred as first mentioned in V., under
Cider, Grape Juice, etc., to Keep, above, where no water nor sugar are
used.

=BEERS=--=Ginger, English.=--Loaf sugar, 2 lbs.; cream of tartar, 1
ozs.; ginger root, 1 ozs.; 2 lemons; fresh brewer's yeast, 2
tablespoonfuls; water, 3 gals. DIRECTIONS--Bruise the ginger, and put
into a large earthenware pan, with the sugar and cream of tartar; peel
the lemons, squeeze out the juice, strain it, and add, with the peel,
to the other ingredients; then pour over the water boiling hot. When
it has stood until it is only just warm, add the yeast, stir the
contents of the pan, cover with a cloth, and let it remain near the
fire for 12 hours. Then skim off the yeast, and pour the liquor off
into another vessel, taking care not to shake it, so as to leave the
sediment; bottle it immediately, cork it tightly; in 3 or 4 days it
will be fit for use.

=Ginger Pop.=--White sugar,  lb.; cream of tartar and ginger root,
bruised, each,  oz.; juice and grated yellow of 1 lemon; water, 1
gal.; fresh yeast, 1 tablespoonful; essence of winter green or
sassafras, as you prefer, or half as much of each, if a mixed flavor
is liked. DIRECTIONS--Put all into a jar, except the yeast and
essence; and pour out over the water, boiling hot; cover, and let
stand until it is only lukewarm, and add the yeast and essence, and
let stand in a cool place 24 hours, strain and bottle, securing the
corks tightly. It will be ready in about 3 days. More or less flavor
may be used to suit different tastes.

=Cream Beer or Soda, any Flavor.=--Sugar, 2 lbs.; citric acid, 2 ozs.;
juice of 1 lemon; water, 3 pts. DIRECTIONS--Dissolve by heat, and boil
5 minutes; when cold, add the beaten whites of 3 eggs, beaten into a
small cup of flour; and then stir in the ex. of lemon, or the ex. of
any other flavor you desire; bottle and keep cool; put 2
tablespoonfuls, more or less as you prefer, into a tumbler of cold
water, and stir in {1/3} to  teaspoonful of soda, and drink at your
leisure, as the eggs and flavor holds a cream on top.

=Summer Drink, Pleasant for Sick or Well Persons.=--Mash a few currants,
and pour on them a little water, strain, sweeten, and add sufficient
cold water to suit the taste, though it is best to use the currants
pretty freely, and sugar accordingly, as the acid of the currant makes
this drink peculiarly grateful to the sick as well as those in health,
satisfying the thirst of either. Currant jelly in cold water makes a
good substitute for currants, and is next to that of tamarinds, which
is undoubtedly the best to allay the thirst of fever patients of
anything known. Lemons do very well. See next recipe.

=Lemon Syrup, to Prepare, When Lemons are Cheap.=--A very handy way of
supplying summer drinks, or even for winter, when lemons are at a low
figure, is to take any quantity, press the hand upon each, and roll it
back and forth briskly, to break the cells, and make the juice press
out more easily into the bowl, never into tin, as it gives a bad taste
from the action of the acid upon the tin.




CARE OF CANARIES.


One of the most attractive and joyous embellishments of the home, one
which, next to the presence of flowers, most gladdens, is found in
that ever-welcome stranger--the canary. No home is now considered
complete until this little visitor has taken up his abode in the
window-garden of some quiet nook, and we propose to devote a few pages
to the proper treatment of this, the most attractive of all domestic
pets.


CAGES.

Of first importance to those who propose to keep canaries is the
selection of proper cages. The cages in general use are altogether ill
adapted to comfort, being open to the air at every point, and
admitting a succession of draughts from morning till night. The brass
open-barred cages, with sliding doors, now so much in vogue, should be
avoided, as water lodging on the brass presents gangrene, and, when
this is tasted, produces sometimes a sudden death. The best cage is
made from mahogany and wire. It should be about thirteen inches long,
eleven inches high, and eight inches deep, having the top, back, and
one of the sides of wood and the other side and front of tinned
wire-work, so as to admit the air and at the same time exclude a
draft. The cage inside should be painted white. A long, square, but
narrow perch should run from end to end, about the centre of the cage,
and a second of a similar kind, directly behind the two tin pans
inserted at the front of the cage, one on either side, to hold the
seed. In the middle of the wire-work, at the front, let there be a
hole sufficiently large to admit the bird's head while drinking. By
having two perches only, the bird's feet will be kept clean and he
will have plenty of room for exercise, without injuring his plumage.

In addition to the water supplied in the tin, it is always expedient
to have a square earthenware bath, fitted in a mahogany frame, ready
for use.

Breeding-cages for canaries are required of larger proportions. The
top and sides should be made of wood, the front of strong tin wire.
Three or four perches should run across the cage, and a little
chamber, or rather one large chamber divided into two, should be made
immediately under the top of the cage to hold the nest-boxes: in front
of these should be circular holes, to give ingress and egress to the
birds; and behind, in the side of the cage, doors, by which you can
yourself get access to them. Beneath the nest boxes should be a small
cage separated by wires from the larger one. This is for the young
birds after they have left the nest. A distinct apartment of this kind
is rendered necessary by a habit which the old birds have of plucking
off the feathers of their young to line their nests for the next
brood. The arrangements for food and drinking water should be the same
as inner cage; but breeding birds will not require the bath. The wires
of cages should not be painted; the paint is liable to be pecked off,
and, being eaten by the birds, proves injurious to them. The best
material for this purpose is tinned iron wire, which can always be
kept clean and does not rust.


SELECTING AND BREEDING.

Birds are known to be old that have blackish rough scales on their
feet, and strong, long claws. A fine, rich, clear, healthy, mealy hen,
paired with a healthy, clear yellow cock, if both are bred from clear
yellow stock, will produce handsome jonque birds. There are two
classes of clear canaries, of a darker or lighter shade of color,
designated by the synonymous terms, yellow and white, jonque and
mealy, orange and white, and gold and silver.

To match birds of the same nest for breeding is considered
unadvisable, as it will in every respect weaken them. To breed crested
birds, if one has a fine crest match it to an opposite. Good birds may
also be obtained by having one parent handsomely pied, and the other
clear yellow or mealy. Cinnamon colored birds are to be obtained by
matching a green male and clear yellow or mealy female, or the
reverse. Some persons pair their birds the latter end of February;
others a month later. As soon as the birds are paired, keep feeding
them high, and add a little moist sugar to the bread and egg until the
hen has commenced laying, as it will prevent her from becoming
egg-bound.




GENERAL TREATMENT.

In winter canaries should not be allowed to remain in a cold room; in
summer it is proper to allow them fresh air, which they enjoy, and in
the light and heat of the sun they sing gaily and freely. Wholesome
air and a lively situation will keep your birds in spirits and health;
but beware of placing them in draughts, as many birds contract colds,
asthma, and other diseases from that cause.

Cleanliness being a great preservative against most of their
disorders, at the bottom of the cage a false bottom should be made so
as to draw out, that it may the easier be cleaned and covered with
sifted gravel or sand; some persons recommend sea-sand, the saline
properties of which are considered good. Keep the birds' feet clean,
and fresh water should be given them every day. The cages and birds
must be kept free from vermin; examine the crevices and cracks of your
cages, and if you find vermin, remove the bird and wash the cage with
a mixture of tobacco and sulphur placed in boiling soap and water;
should the bird have any parasites, syringe him daily with this
mixture when cool, and while the bird is damp sprinkle over him Scotch
snuff. In the course of a week he will be free from insects. If a
piece of old mortar and plenty of gravel are kept at the bottom of the
cage, it will aid in keeping the birds healthy.

Canaries should not be put up for breeding too early in the season.
When the nests are made, the hens soon commence laying. A canary lays
on the average, from two to five eggs, and the time of sitting is
thirteen days. If three days afterwards any of the eggs remain as they
were, remove them with a warm hand and place them gently in some
water. If they are alive, you will then, by watching, see some
evidences of the fact, and must tenderly replace them; if you do not,
they may be destroyed.

When birds are sitting, it is not desirable that they should wash
themselves all over, but it should be remembered that the canary loves
a bath, and that she should be judiciously indulged in this way.

The materials for nest-building can be purchased of the dealers, but
before using they should be freed from dust and dirt, and well washed
in clean hot water to destroy any vermin that might be lurking
therein.

Should the parent bird neglect to feed the young--a result which
sometimes follows pairing at the wrong time of year, or from pairing
birds before they are old enough--procure a piece of stale wheaten
bread, the best; grate, and mix with some bruised and scalded
rape-seed and a small portion from the yolk of a hard-boiled egg.
Remove the nestlings to a warm corner and cover the cage up to exclude
draughts. Feed with this preparation every quarter of an hour, using,
by way of spoon, the finely pointed end of a short stick. Occasionally
let a drop or two of water fall into their open beaks.

Young birds, unless neglected by the old birds, should not be removed
until they are five weeks old, and their food should be very gradually
changed. Afterwards keep them in a warm room, and within hearing of a
good songster. During breeding you must not pry too closely into the
proceedings of your bird. When it is found either desirable or
necessary to feed the young birds by hand, they should be removed from
the nest when they are about eight or nine days old.

In feeding your birds see that the canary-seed is large and glossy,
and the rape or flax-seed large and new; and in mixing them together,
use the two last in smaller proportions. Give a very little bruised
hemp-seed occasionally. Great care should be taken with the food while
breeding. Birds should have green food occasionally, but not too
often; and for this purpose it should be gathered dry and given fresh.
It is cruel to keep a poor little prisoner within sight of such a
tempting luxury as green food, and yet neglect to gratify him now and
then with a gathered leaf.

When you are in the habit of letting your birds loose, to fly about
the room or in the aviary, and want to catch them, use a circular
hoop-net of stout string, made deep and fastened on a wire hoop
attached to a pole about six feet long--not less. By the skilful use
of this net you may secure the bird without destroying the beauty of
its plumage.

Canaries will soon acquire the habit of picking out their small
feathers and thus disfiguring themselves. The only way of combatting
this habit is by suspending a counter attraction for them to pick
at--such as a piece of pack-thread saturated with sugar and water and
hanging nearly as low as the perch.

MOULTING.

When a canary moults in July or August, according to the warmth or
coldness of the season, all you need do is to keep him quiet and free
from draughts. Feed him with a very small quantity of raw beef,
scraped and moistened with water, once a week, and occasionally a
little of the yolk of a hard-boiled egg, with now and then a piece of
sponge cake, and ripe chickweed in full flower.


DISORDERS.

As birds are attacked with various diseases, we enumerate the
following symptoms:--Placing their heads under their wings; lowering
their wings; their feathers becoming bristled, uncompact, or loose; a
cough, whine, or moan, as if they were in pain; panting in their
breathing, etc. Great negligence is displayed in not, immediately they
appear unwell, administering in their food or water such medicines as
are essential to their cure. In all cases where milk is administered
in warm weather, remove it before it becomes acid.

=Asthma.=--This disease arises from neglected colds, exposure to
draughts, or from the birds being kept in very hot rooms. The symptom
is a gasping as if for breath. Pure mild air and salutary food may in
this case benefit, but it is seldom cured. Chickweed, groundsel, or
watercress, will sometimes ease the bird; lettuce and endive leaves
are also recommended. Castor oil with fresh milk and bread, sulphur in
the seed, and a small quantity of camphor in the water, are given to
birds suffering from this complaint.

=Consumption, or Decline.=--Atrophy is the form this disorder sometimes
assumes in its early stages, produced from impure air or improper
food. In addition to their ordinary food, give millet-seed, a little
fresh milk and bread, watercress, or chickweed; place in the water a
small piece of camphor, and in the seed a small quantity of sulphur
occasionally.

=Epilepsy.=--This disease exhibits itself in sudden fits. The readiest
method of treating is to syringe the bird well with water. Some
persons have recourse to cutting the bird's toe-nail until it bleeds.

=Ulcers.=--If soft ulcers arise on the head or other parts, anoint them
with sweet or olive oil. Tumors require opening and drawing.

=Giddiness.=--Some birds, that have been in cages open at the top,
acquire the habit of twisting their heads and necks so far back as to
overbalance themselves. When this is the case, remove them to covered
cages, or place a dark covering over the top of the cage.

=Baldness.=--Should a canary become bald about the head or neck, and
given to moping, there is no doubt that he has the "surfeit." This
arises from being fed on bad seed or unripe green food, causing a
humor of an acrid nature to exude from the skin. Wash the bird's head
night and morning in salt and water, drying it with a soft clean
cloth. Then rub in on the bald places a little lard or fresh butter.
Repeat these operations for a week. This will cure the disorder, and
in the spring the feathers will again begin to appear.

=Huskiness.=--When this disorder is detected the bird should be kept
warm and free from draughts. Its food should consist of finely-scraped
beef, mixed with hard-boiled yolk of egg, with a little cold water to
dilute. Before giving this, put some boiled milk into the drinking
glass; do this for two days and then give the prepared meat.




THE TOILET.

BARBERS' AND DOMESTIC.


=1. HAIR DYE=--=Black=--=Eley's Best.=--I. Pyrogalic acid, 1 dr.; distilled,
pure rain-water, 6 oz.

II. Nitrate of silver, crystals, 2 drs.; strong aqua ammonia, 1 oz.;
gum arabic, dissolved in a little water, 1 dr. Mix all.

DIRECTIONS.--First apply No. I., and let it dry; then No. II., and let
dry. And if by carelessness there are any spots on the face, take them
off with No. I. of the "Brown." Alcohol will take them off, but not as
nicely as the sulphuret of the next dye.

=2. Hair Dye=--=Brown, or a Lighter Shade.=--I. Sulphuret of potash, 1
oz.; distilled or pure rain water,  pint.

II. Use the No. II. of the "Black,"--in other words, the dyes are the
same.

DIRECTIONS.--Apply No. I., the sulphuret, and let it dry; then apply
No. II. of the "Black" until you get a little darker shade than you
desire; then re-apply the No. I., sulphuret, which leaves the desired
shade, by making it a little lighter than it was.

=1. LUSTRAL OIL=--=Hair Tonic, or Sea Foam=--=Eley's.=--Alcohol, 1 pint;
glycerine, 1 oz.; tincture cantharides, 2 drs.; aqua ammonia, 1 oz.;
rain water, 5 ozs. Mix. DIRECTIONS--Pour upon the head, or into the
hand and apply to the head, rubbing well until the foam subsides.
Apply more or less, freely at first, as the condition of the scalp
demands. It dissolves the dandruff; is good for a sore scalp, chapped
hands, etc. For sore scalp, apply once daily; for chapped hands, night
and morning. See remarks above, as to its reliability. I keep it in
the office, and have used it many times.

=2. Barber's Lustre, or Hair Tonic=--=Bowers'.=--Alcohol, 1 quart;
distilled or pure rain water, 1 pints; glycerine, 1 oz.; aqua
ammonia,  oz., or just enough, when shaken together, to make it look
milky or a little white. This recipe is from Henry Bowers, with whom I
have shaved about 2 years. It is not quite as strong as Eley's, but
cleans the scalp nicely. He has used it on my head with satisfaction.

=1. BOB HEATER'S SHAMPOO=--=Hair Tonic=--=Very Strong.=--First put oil of
sweet almonds, 4 ozs., into alcohol, 1 pint, and put in oil of
bergamot, 2 drs., or 1 dr., with oil citronella, 1 dr., when it can be
had; then add aqua ammonia, 4 ozs.; rye whiskey, 8 ozs.; gum camphor,
 oz. Mix. Shake before applying, and rub in thoroughly.

=1. HAIR OIL, OR DRESSING=--=Very Fine.=--Castor oil and Cologne alcohol,
each  pint; oil of lemon-grass, 1 dr.; oil of bergamot,  dr. Mix.

=SHAMPOO OR WASH=--=To cleanse the Hair and Scalp.=--Salts of tartar,
powdered borax, aqua ammonia, each 1 oz.; rain water, 1 qt.; mix.
DIRECTIONS--Rub well into the roots of the hair once a week. Good for
a tettered spot on any part of the body. Applying freely (after using
the hair dressing above, of glycerine and rose water.)

A wash of sage tea and borax, say 1 or 2 ozs., powdered to 1 qt. of
the tea, is claimed to cleanse the scalp, make the hair grow nicely
and keep it soft.

=1. HAIR DRESSING WITH BAY RUM NICER THAN ALCOHOL.=--"Dr. Cap," of New
London, Conn., gives "Angeline," of the _Detroit Free Press
Household_, the following:

"Bay rum, imported, 6 ozs.; castor oil, 2 ozs.; tinct. of cantharides,
1 oz., perfume with anything you wish; will not only be good but
harmless."

=1. HAIR RESTORATIVE=--=Which has raised a Thick Head of Hair on a Bald
Scalp.=--Notwithstanding there are those who claim it cannot be done,
there are those also who claim it can. The following is claimed by a
physician to have done it upon his head. It will not do harm, and on
some heads it will, no doubt, produce a head of hair "where the hair
ought to grow," but does not, while in some cases it may not. It is
owing to the condition of the hair follicles. If inflammation has
destroyed them there is no hope; while if the work is only in
progress it will; so it is no harm to try it. It is:

"Castor oil and alcohol, each 2 ozs.; tinct. cantharides and rain
water, each 1 oz.; oil of bergamot, 1 dr.; mix, and use with a stiff
brush."

=2. Hair Wash or Restorative=--=Italian.=--I will give one more wash or
dressing, easily made, and very satisfactory. I have used it. It is:

Syrup of rosemary, 2 qts.; liquid potassa,  oz.; aqua ammonia, 1 oz.;
oil of sweet almonds, 2 ozs.; castor oil, 1 oz.; good whiskey, 1
pts.

_Remarks._--It looks a little milky at first, but soon clears up.
Shake when used. This is good for dandruff and to clean the scalp.

=Crimps in Damp Weather=--=To Keep in Place.=--A very good bandoline is
made by the use of gum Arabic or gum tragacanth (the Arabic is most
used while the tragacanth is the best), say  oz. powdered, pouring on
just enough boiling water to dissolve it; then adding alcohol enough
to make it rather thin, (about 1 oz.). Let stand open all night, then
bottle for use. DIRECTIONS--Wet the bangs with this mixture at bed
time, and twist or curl the bangs upon the forehead, as desired; then
put over a bit of lace, or a gauze band (French _bandeau_), to keep it
in position till dry, or rather, till morning; then remove the
_bandeau_, and pull the crimps out with the fingers until they are
soft and fluffy. It does not injure the hair, nor will the bandoline
of quince seeds above. It will not come out, even in damp weather. If
there is any gum on the hair, rub it off with the fingers, and if it
looks dull, touch the fingers to a little of the glycerine and rose
water dressing above, and pass them lightly over the hair to give it a
shiny appearance.

=Hair Curling Liquid.=--Salt of tartar (which is carbonate of potassa),
 oz., aqua ammonia and cologne, each, 1 dr.; glycerine,  oz.;
alcohol, 1 ozs.; distilled or pure soft water, 1 pt. If you wish it
to have color, add  dr. of powdered cochineal. Shake daily for a
week, and filter, or strain. DIRECTIONS--To use it moisten the hair
with it and adjust it loosely, as it dries it shows its tendency to
curl; then run the fingers through it to lighten it up, as you
desire.

=COSMETICS FOR THE FACE.=--For a very fine one (see face wash), Mrs.
Chase's following treatment of pimpled face, etc.: Put flake white, 
oz., in bay rum and water, each 2 ozs., and applied after shaking, to
the face with a piece of soft flannel, and when dry, wiped or rubbed
off where too much white shows, is excellent. But I have much faith in
the old lady's only cosmetic, given next below:

=An Old Lady's Only Cosmetic.=--"The only cosmetic I have used," said an
old lady, "is a flannel wash-cloth. For forty years I have bathed my
face every night and morning with clear water as hot as I can bear it,
using for the purpose a small square of flannel, renewed as often as
it grows thick and felt-like. My mother taught me to do this, as her
mother had done before her. No soap nor powder, nor glycerine even,
has touched my face, and this is what my skin is at 60," she finished,
touching with pardonable pride a cheek whose peachy bloom and fine
soft texture gave effective emphasis to the recipe.--_Harper's Bazar._

=POMADE.=--=For the Hair, Lips, Chapped Hands, etc.=--Oil of sweet
almonds, 4 ozs.; spermaceti, 1 oz.; oil of lemon-grass, or oil of
neroli (which is oil of orange flowers),  dr. DIRECTIONS--Use
sufficient heat to melt the spermaceti in the oil of almonds, and when
cool stir in the perfuming oil, and put into a large mouthed bottle,
to reach it with the finger. Of course, all flavored, or perfumed, or
alcoholic mixtures, should be kept corked.

=Pomade, Very Fine.=--White wax, 1 ozs.; pure glycerine, 2 fl. ozs.;
castor oil, 12 fl. ozs.; oil of lemon (I would say lemon grass), 5
drops; oil of bergamot, 2 drops; oil of lavender, 1 drop; oil of
cloves, 10 drops; annatto, 10 grs.; alcohol and water as below.
DIRECTIONS--Dissolve the wax in  of the castor oil, with as little
heat as possible, then titurate, or rub in the balance of the castor
oil and glycerine, and stir till cool, and add the perfuming oils. Rub
the annatto in 1 dr. (teaspoonful) of water until smoothly mixed, then
add the same amount of alcohol to it, and stir it into the pomade. Do
not use too much heat, and use the bandest (nicest) castor
oil.--_American Journal of Pharmacy._

_Remarks._--This makes a very fine pomade. The annatto is only to give
it color. The same amount of cochineal would give it a reddish shade,
instead of a yellowish, with the annatto. Turmeric would give a
yellowish shade, and carmine a carnation, all fine in themselves, to
choose from. But it is just as good without either.

=DEPILATORY=--=To Remove Superfluous Hair Boudets, or the Best
French.=--Crystallized sulphide of sodium, 3 drs.; quick (unslacked)
lime, 10 drs.; starch, 11 drs. DIRECTIONS--Reduce each separately, to
a fine powder. Mix and keep in well stoppered bottles. When to be
used, moisten to a paste, with a little water, spread on the part to
be denuded (from the Latin _de_, and _nudare_, to make naked), and
leave on only 2 to 4 minutes. Lift it off with a dull knife, which
fetches the hair with it.--_Druggists' Circular._

=Depilatory, Our Own Druggist's.=--Powdered, unslacked lime, 8 drs.;
carbonate of potash (which is salts of tartar), and sulphuret of
potassium, each 1 dr. Mix and keep dry, as the first above.
DIRECTIONS--Mix only to cover a small space at a time, leaving on only
5 to 10 minutes, then scrape off, which fetches the hair.

_Remarks._--I have had this prepared and sent to various persons, on
their application to me for such a preparation. I tell all, however,
better let the hair grow, than to try to destroy the follicles, as
this would require to keep on the mixture till it would make a sore,
equal to a bad burn. If in any case this is done by accident, or to
destroy the hair follicles, treat the sore the same as a burn.

=Bay Rum, Barbers'.=--Magnesia and powdered borax, each 30 grs.; oil of
bay,  to 1 dr.; alcohol, 2 ozs.; dilute alcohol, 1 qt.
DIRECTIONS--First, rub the magnesia, borax, and oil of bay in the 2
ozs. of strong alcohol, in a mortar; then put into a filter, and
gradually pour on the dilute alcohol to percolate through the
magnesia.--_Mt. Vernon (O.) Barber._

=Wash for Ladies' Hands.=--This very appropriately comes in here, as it
is really a toilet wash. Put powdered borax, 5 ozs., into a bottle
with water, 1 pt. If this all dissolves, put in enough to always keep
some borax, undissolved, at the bottom. When the garden work is done
for the day, put enough into the water in which the hands are to be
washed to make it soft or slippery as suds. "It is very cleansing,"
says Prof. Beal, of the Michigan Agricultural College, Lansing, "and
by this use of it the hands will be kept in excellent condition,
smooth and soft and white." Of course, a little of this in water to
wash the head will cleanse the scalp as nicely as the hands.

=Oatmeal Soap, to Keep the Hands Soft in Winter.=--Take the white
castile soap (the white is the mildest),  lb., and melt it, with very
gentle heat, in sweet almond oil, 1 oz.; then remove from the fire,
and stir in oatmeal, 1 ozs.




INTEREST.

EXPLANATIONS OF THE INTEREST TABLES.

EXAMPLE:


Desired to obtain the interest on $1,111.00, for 1 year, 4 months, and
27 days, at 6 per cent.

Turning to the tables you will see that the time is given in the
left-hand column, the amounts on which you desire to find the interest
are given at the heads of the various right-hand columns, the sum
sought is found at the meeting of the lines to the right of the time,
and down from the amount, as follows:

The interest on $1,000, 1 year, at 6 per cent.  $60.00
 "     "      "    100, "  "       "  "   "       6.00
 "     "      "     10, "  "       "  "   "         60
 "     "      "      1, "  "       "  "   "         06
 "     "      "  1,000, 4 months,  "  "   "      20.00
 "     "      "    100, "  "       "  "   "       2.00
 "     "      "     10, "  "       "  "   "         20
 "     "      "      1, "  "       "  "   "         02
 "     "      "  1,000, 27 days,   "  "   "       4.50
 "     "      "    100,  "  "      "  "   "         45
 "     "      "     10,  "  "      "  "   "         05
 "     "      "      1,  "  "      "  "   "         00
                                                ------
Whole sum of interest sought                    $93.88

In the same manner, proceed with any other amounts, or any other time,
or rate per cent.; and if for more than one year, multiply the
interest for 1 year by the number of years for which the interest is
sought; if for twenty, thirty, sixty, or any other amount between ten
and one hundred dollars, multiply the interest on ten dollars, by the
number of tens in the amount, which gives you the whole sum of
interest sought; the same rule holds good on hundreds, between one
hundred and one thousand, and, also, on thousands.

To find interest at 5 per cent., take one-half of the 10 per cent.
rate.

And, of course, the principle works the same on all of the tables, for
the different rates of per cent.

INTEREST TABLE, SIX PER CENT.
TIME     $1  $2  $3  $4  $5  $6  $7  $8  $9  $10  $100  $1000
 1 DAY    0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0     2     17
 2        0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0     3     33
 3        0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    1     5     50
 4        0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   1    1     7     67
 5        0   0   0   0   0   1   1   1   1    1     8     83
 6        0   0   0   0   1   1   1   1   1    1    10   1.00
 7        0   0   0   0   1   1   1   1   1    1    12   1.17
 8        0   0   0   1   1   1   1   1   1    1    13   1.33
 9        0   0   0   1   1   1   1   1   1    2    15   1.50
10        0   0   1   1   1   1   1   1   2    2    17   1.67
11        0   0   1   1   1   1   1   1   2    2    18   1.83
12        0   0   1   1   1   1   1   2   2    2    20   2.00
13        0   0   1   1   1   1   2   2   2    2    22   2.17
14        0   0   1   1   1   1   2   2   2    2    23   2.33
15        0   1   1   1   1   2   2   2   2    3    25   2.50
16        0   1   1   1   1   2   2   2   2    3    27   2.67
17        0   1   1   1   1   2   2   2   3    3    28   2.83
18        0   1   1   1   2   2   2   2   3    3    30   3.00
19        0   1   1   1   2   2   2   3   3    3    32   3.17
20        0   1   1   1   2   2   2   3   3    3    33   3.33
21        0   1   1   1   2   2   2   3   3    4    35   3.50
22        0   1   1   1   2   2   3   3   3    4    37   3.67
23        0   1   1   2   2   2   3   3   3    4    38   3.83
24        0   1   1   2   2   2   3   3   4    4    40   4.00
25        0   1   1   2   2   3   3   3   4    4    42   4.17
26        0   1   1   2   2   3   3   3   4    4    43   4.33
27        0   1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4    5    45   4.50
28        0   1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4    5    47   4.67
29        0   1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4    5    48   4.83
 1 MONTH  1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4   5    5    50   5.00
 2        1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10  1.00  10.00
 3        2   3   5   6   8   9  11  12  14   15  1.50  15.00
 4        2   4   6   8  10  12  14  16  18   20  2.00  20.00
 5        3   5   8  10  13  15  18  20  23   25  2.50  25.00
 6        3   6   9  12  15  18  21  24  27   30  3.00  30.00
 7        4   7  11  14  18  20  25  28  32   35  3.50  35.00
 8        4   8  12  16  20  24  28  32  36   40  4.00  40.00
 9        5   9  14  18  23  27  32  36  41   45  4.50  45.00
10        5  10  15  20  25  30  35  40  45   50  5.00  50.00
11        6  11  17  22  28  33  39  44  50   55  5.50  55.00
 1 YEAR   6  12  18  24  30  36  42  48  54   60  6.00  60.00


INTEREST TABLE, SEVEN PER CENT.
TIME     $1  $2  $3  $4  $5  $6  $7  $8  $9  $10  $100  $1000
 1 DAY.   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0     2     19
 2        0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0     4     39
 3        0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1    1     6     58
 4        0   0   0   0   0   0   1   1   1    1     8     78
 5        0   0   0   0   0   1   1   1   1    1    10     97
 6        0   0   0   0   1   1   1   1   1    1    12   1.17
 7        0   0   0   1   1   1   1   1   1    1    14   1.36
 8        0   0   0   1   1   1   1   1   1    2    16   1.56
 9        0   0   1   1   1   1   1   1   2    2    18   1.75
10        0   0   1   1   1   1   1   2   2    2    19   1.94
11        0   0   1   1   1   1   1   2   2    2    21   2.14
12        0   0   1   1   1   1   2   2   2    2    23   2.33
13        0   1   1   1   1   2   2   2   2    3    25   2.58
14        0   1   1   1   1   2   2   2   2    3    27   2.72
15        0   1   1   1   1   2   2   2   3    3    29   2.92
16        0   1   1   1   2   2   2   2   3    3    31   3.11
17        0   1   1   1   2   2   2   3   3    3    33   3.31
18        0   1   1   1   2   2   2   3   3    4    35   3.50
19        0   1   1   1   2   2   3   3   3    4    37   3.69
20        0   1   1   2   2   2   3   3   4    4    39   3.89
21        0   1   1   2   2   2   3   3   4    4    41   4.08
22        0   1   1   2   2   3   3   3   4    4    43   4.28
23        0   1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4    4    45   4.47
24        0   1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4    5    47   4.67
25        0   1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4    5    49   4.86
26        1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4   5    5    51   5.06
27        1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4   5    5    53   5.25
28        1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4   5    5    54   5.44
29        1   1   2   2   3   3   4   5   5    6    56   5.64
 1 MONTH  1   1   2   2   3   4   4   5   5    6    58   5.83
 2        1   2   4   5   6   7   8   9  11   12  1.17  11.67
 3        2   4   5   7   9  11  12  14  16   18  1.75  17.50
 4        2   5   7   9  12  14  16  19  21   23  2.33  23.23
 5        3   6   9  12  15  18  20  23  26   29  2.92  29.17
 6        4   7  11  14  18  21  25  28  32   35  3.50  35.00
 7        4   8  12  16  20  25  29  33  37   41  4.08  40.83
 8        5   9  14  17  23  28  33  37  42   47  4.67  46.67
 9        5  11  16  21  26  32  37  42  47   53  5.25  52.50
10        6  12  18  23  29  35  41  47  53   58  5.83  58.33
11        6  13  19  26  32  39  45  51  58   64  6.42  64.17
 1 YEAR   7  14  21  28  35  42  49  56  63   70  7.00  70.00


INTEREST TABLE, EIGHT PER CENT.
TIME     $1  $2  $3  $4  $5  $6  $7  $8  $9  $10  $100  $1000
 1 DAY    0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0     2     22
 2        0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0     4     44
 3        0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   1    1     7     67
 4        0   0   0   0   0   1   1   1   1    1     9     89
 5        0   0   0   0   1   1   1   1   1    1    11   1.11
 6        0   0   0   1   1   1   1   1   1    1    13   1.33
 7        0   0   0   1   1   1   1   1   1    2    16   1.56
 8        0   0   1   1   1   1   1   1   2    2    18   1.78
 9        0   0   1   1   1   1   1   2   2    2    20   2.00
10        0   0   1   1   1   1   2   2   2    2    22   2.22
11        0   0   1   1   1   1   2   2   2    2    24   2.44
12        0   1   1   1   1   2   2   2   2    3    27   2.67
13        0   1   1   1   1   2   2   2   3    3    29   2.89
14        0   1   1   1   2   2   2   2   3    3    31   3.11
15        0   1   1   1   2   2   2   3   3    3    33   3.33
16        0   1   1   1   2   2   2   3   3    4    36   3.56
17        0   1   1   2   2   2   3   3   3    4    38   3.78
18        0   1   1   2   2   2   3   3   4    4    40   4.00
19        0   1   1   2   2   3   3   3   4    4    42   4.22
20        0   1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4    4    44   4.44
21        0   1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4    5    47   4.67
22        0   1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4    5    49   4.89
23        1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4   5    5    51   5.11
24        1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4   5    5    53   5.33
25        1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4   5    6    56   5.56
26        1   1   2   2   3   3   4   5   5    6    58   5.78
27        1   1   2   2   3   4   4   5   5    6    60   6.00
28        1   1   2   2   3   4   4   5   6    6    62   6.22
29        1   1   2   3   3   4   5   5   6    6    64   6.44
 1 MONTH  1   1   2   3   3   4   5   5   6    7    67   6.67
 2        1   3   4   5   7   8   9  11  12   13  1.33  13.33
 3        2   4   6   8  10  12  14  16  18   20  2.00  20.00
 4        3   5   8  11  13  16  19  21  24   27  2.67  26.67
 5        3   7  10  13  17  20  23  27  30   33  3.33  33.33
 6        4   8  12  16  20  24  28  32  36   40  4.00  40.00
 7        5   9  14  19  23  28  33  37  42   47  4.67  46.67
 8        5  11  16  21  27  32  37  43  48   53  5.33  53.33
 9        6  12  18  24  30  36  42  48  54   60  6.00  60.00
10        7  13  20  27  33  40  47  53  60   67  6.67  66.67
11        7  15  22  29  37  44  51  59  66   73  7.33  73.33
 1 YEAR   8  16  24  32  40  48  56  64  72   80  8.00  80.00


INTEREST TABLE, NINE PER CENT.
TIME     $1  $2  $3  $4  $5  $6  $7  $8  $9  $10  $100  $1000
 1 DAY    0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0     3     25
 2        0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    1     5     50
 3        0   0   0   0   0   0   1   1   1    1     8     75
 4        0   0   0   0   1   1   1   1   1    1    10   1.00
 5        0   0   0   1   1   1   1   1   1    1    13   1.25
 6        0   0   0   1   1   1   1   1   1    2    15   1.50
 7        0   0   1   1   1   1   1   1   2    2    18   1.75
 8        0   0   1   1   1   1   1   2   2    2    20   2.00
 9        0   0   1   1   1   1   2   2   2    2    23   2.25
10        0   1   1   1   1   2   2   2   2    3    25   2.50
11        0   1   1   1   1   2   2   2   2    3    28   2.75
12        0   1   1   1   2   2   2   2   3    3    30   3.00
13        0   1   1   1   2   2   2   3   3    3    33   3.25
14        0   1   1   1   2   2   2   3   3    4    35   3.50
15        0   1   1   2   2   2   3   3   3    4    38   3.75
16        0   1   1   2   2   2   3   3   4    4    40   4.00
17        0   1   1   2   2   3   3   3   4    4    43   4.25
18        0   1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4    5    45   4.50
19        0   1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4    5    48   4.75
20        1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4   5    5    50   5.00
21        1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4   5    5    53   5.25
22        1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4   5    6    55   5.50
23        1   1   2   2   3   3   4   5   5    6    58   5.75
24        1   1   2   2   3   4   4   5   5    6    60   6.00
25        1   1   2   3   3   4   4   5   6    6    63   6.25
26        1   1   2   3   3   4   5   5   6    7    65   6.50
27        1   1   2   3   3   4   5   5   6    7    68   6.75
28        1   1   2   3   4   4   5   6   6    7    70   7.00
29        1   1   2   3   4   4   5   6   7    7    73   7.25
 1 MONTH  1   2   2   3   4   5   5   6   7    8    75   7.50
 2        2   3   5   6   8   9  11  12  14   15  1.50  15.00
 3        2   5   7   9  11  14  16  18  20   23  2.25  22.50
 4        3   6   9  12  15  18  21  24  27   30  3.00  30.00
 5        4   8  11  15  19  23  26  30  34   38  3.75  37.50
 6        5   9  14  18  23  27  32  36  41   45  4.50  45.00
 7        5  11  16  21  26  32  37  42  47   53  5.25  52.50
 8        6  12  18  24  30  36  42  48  54   60  6.00  60.00
 9        7  14  20  27  34  41  47  54  61   68  6.75  67.50
10        8  15  23  30  38  45  53  60  68   75  7.50  75.00
11        8  17  25  33  41  50  58  66  74   83  8.25  82.50
 1 YEAR   9  18  27  36  45  54  63  72  78   90  9.00  90.00


INTEREST TABLE, TEN PER CENT.
TIME     $1  $2  $3  $4  $5  $6  $7  $8  $9  $10  $100  $1000
 1 DAY    0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0    0     3     28
 2        0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1    1     6     56
 3        0   0   0   0   0   1   1   1   1    1     8     83
 4        0   0   0   0   1   1   1   1   1    1    11   1.11
 5        0   0   0   1   1   1   1   1   1    1    14   1.39
 6        0   0   1   1   1   1   1   1   2    2    17   1.67
 7        0   0   1   1   1   1   1   2   2    2    19   1.94
 8        0   0   1   1   1   1   2   2   2    2    22   2.22
 9        0   1   1   1   1   2   2   2   2    3    25   2.50
10        0   1   1   1   1   2   2   2   3    3    28   2.78
11        0   1   1   1   2   2   2   2   3    3    31   3.06
12        0   1   1   1   2   2   2   3   3    3    33   3.33
13        0   1   1   1   2   2   3   3   3    4    36   3.61
14        0   1   1   2   2   2   3   3   4    4    39   3.89
15        0   1   1   2   2   3   3   3   4    4    42   4.17
16        0   1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4    4    44   4.44
17        0   1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4    5    47   4.72
18        1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4   5    5    50   5.00
19        1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4   5    5    53   5.28
20        1   1   2   2   3   3   4   4   5    6    56   5.56
21        1   1   2   2   3   4   4   5   5    6    58   5.83
22        1   1   2   2   3   4   4   5   6    6    61   6.11
23        1   1   2   3   3   4   4   5   6    6    64   6.39
24        1   1   2   3   3   4   5   5   6    7    67   6.67
25        1   1   2   3   3   4   5   6   6    7    69   6.94
26        1   1   2   3   4   4   5   6   7    7    72   7.22
27        1   2   2   3   4   5   5   6   7    8    75   7.50
28        1   2   2   3   4   5   5   6   7    8    78   7.78
29        1   2   2   3   4   5   6   6   7    8    81   8.06
 1 MONTH  1   2   3   3   4   5   6   7   8    8    83   8.33
 2        2   3   5   7   8  10  12  13  15   17  1.67  16.67
 3        3   5   8  10  13  15  18  20  23   25  2.50  25.00
 4        3   7  10  13  17  20  23  27  30   33  3.33  33.33
 5        4   8  13  17  21  25  29  33  38   42  4.17  41.67
 6        5  10  15  20  25  30  35  40  45   50  5.00  50.00
 7        6  12  18  23  29  35  41  47  53   58  5.83  58.33
 8        7  13  20  27  33  40  47  53  60   67  6.67  66.67
 9        8  15  23  30  38  45  53  60  68   75  7.50  75.00
10        8  17  25  33  42  50  58  67  75   83  8.33  83.33
11        9  18  28  37  46  55  64  73  83   92  9.17  91.67
 1 YEAR  10  20  30  40  50  60  70  80  90  100 10.00 100.00




HORSES.

RECEIPTS AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR THEIR CARE AND TREATMENT.


=How Long a Horse Ought to Work.=--It is now claimed by our best
horsemen, that, with our many labor-saving machines, a horse ought not
to be worked over 9 hours a day; at any rate he should have two hours
at noon for eating, and to allow the digestion of his food, by which
his strength will be greatly aided in his afternoon's work.

=Raising and Breaking Colts.=--A correspondent of the _Practical
Farmer_, who says he has had considerable experience in handling
colts, gives his views and practice upon the subject, also such
examples of docility, after his manner of handling them, which are so
consistent with what I consider the right thing to do in raising and
breaking colts that I believe it will carry more force, or be more
likely to be followed, than what I might be able to say, without
corresponding examples, which I could not give. He says:

"I have adopted the rule of haltering my colts at 10 days old, and I
lead it at its mother's side whenever I drive her. I have never found
any trouble in teaching a colt to lead in this way, and long before it
is weaned it will be perfectly halter-broken. I have just brought up
from the pasture a colt that was 2 years old in April, to give it a
little training. This colt was halter-broken and led at the side of
its mother when sucking, and it is now as docile as any horse on the
farm. A boy 16 years old, who is living with me, harnessed it a few
days ago, and, after driving it round the yard for a short time,
hitched it to a spring wagon and went off alone with it. I should not
have allowed it had I known what he was about, but he came back with
the colt as gentle as my old carriage horse. This has been about my
experience with colts that have been taught to lead and handle when
young. It is easy to accustom a colt to have the harness thrown on
it, and chains wrapped around its legs, or to have something fall from
its back, without its being frightened, and if these things are ever
learned it must be when the animal is young. I believe that it is easy
to so train a colt that if the hold-backs come loose on a hill, and
let the buggy against it, instead of being frightened and running
away, it will brace itself and stop the buggy. I remember twice being
placed in a position of great danger, with a spirited mare that I had
trained from a colt, and if I had not accustomed her to just such
treatment as I recommend, I should undoubtedly have been severely
injured or killed. The instances were these: I was approaching the
Miami river, on a turnpike, and had just started down a long, winding
hill, over a fourth of a mile long, when one of the bolts by which the
shafts were attached to the buggy, dropped on to the mare's heels, and
whenever I attempted to rein her in to stop her, the buggy would run
against her. I went fully 300 yards down the hill before I could get
her checked so that it was safe for me to jump out and catch the wheel
and stop the buggy, but the mare made no attempt to kick or run. The
other case was this: I had stopped at the top of a long hill with a
load of wood, and when I stepped on to the doubletree to climb on to
the load, the stick I took hold of to pull myself up by, pulled out,
and I fell with my head between the mare's heels, and the stick came
rattling down over the chains on top of me. If she had started at all
the wagon would have run over me, for I was exactly in front of the
wheel. Now, I do not say that every horse can be trained to do as mine
did, but I do say that if it is ever done it must be while it is
young, and that what the colt is taught young it never forgets. I have
no faith in the theory that a colt should never be put to work until
it is 4 years old. Of course, we must exercise judgment and not strain
our young horses by pulling them hard, but I see no more reason why a
colt should do nothing until it is full grown, than a boy, and every
boy works from the time he is 12 or 14 years old. A well grown colt
can be used for light work from the time it is 30 months old and made
to pay its keeping, and if good judgment is exercised it will be all
the better for it. One thing is indispensable in training a colt, and
that is that you control your temper. The man who will get angry, and
jerk and whip a colt, is not fit to have charge of it, and need not
expect to render it docile and obedient.

=Bitting the Colt and Training to Harness.=--In the warm days of spring,
when the colt is 1 year old, let the bitting process be commenced; and
if the colt has been handled from its birth, as above suggested, it
will usually submit to the bitting process as quietly as he will to
any other training. After putting on the bitting fixtures, turn him
loose in a safe yard, _i. e._, with no obstructions, as wagons, sheep
racks, etc., with which he might come in contact, allowing him an hour
or so to become familiar with the harness, being careful to check him
up but little the first time above what he carries his head naturally,
but checking higher and higher each day until the proper carriage of
the head is attained. I dislike an over-high carriage of the head in
any horse. After a day or two, a cord 12 to 15 feet in length may be
tied to the bits and the colt allowed, or trained, if need be, to
exercise in a circle or around you, but never carrying it so far as to
tire or worry him, gently patting and petting him from time to time to
show that no harm is intended. This should be gone over again and
again through the summer and winter following, and when it is 2 years
old it may be harnessed and hitched beside its mother, if she be
gentle and kind, else beside an old, gentle horse, and driven quietly
about, at first with only the harness on, then to a light carriage,
with never more than two therein, and accustomed to driving, until it
becomes second nature to do as its companion does, but never upon long
and exhaustive journeys; but simply enough to harden its flesh and aid
the muscular developments. And even from 3 until 4 years old a colt
should be driven with exceeding care, never over-loaded, as this is
the critical age of the colt, or its period of second dentition, and
it can not, therefore, masticate hard food, as it can after its
teething is completed. Indeed, all young horses should be used with
care, and never put to steady, exhaustive work until they are 6 years
old, after which, with this early care, they will become stouter and
increase in power and speed until 10 to 12 years old, while if put to
hardest work at 4 or 5, they will not improve beyond 8 or 9.

=Weaning and Wintering Colts.=--If the mare is allowed a few oats while
in pasture, which is a very proper thing to allow, the colt will soon
learn to eat with her, and as soon as this is observed, it should have
a handful or two daily, where the mother cannot get in to eat them
from it; by which means you increase its development and growth, and
save the trouble of having to teach it to eat them at time of weaning.
And as cool nights approach, it is best to take the mare to the stable
over night, tying the colt near her; if a double stall, by her side;
but not to allow suckling, which will take away half, at least, of the
trouble of weaning without knowing it; and if the mare will eat roots,
give such as beets, carrots, turnips, apples, pumpkins, etc., all
properly cut into small pieces to prevent choking; and some persons
think all breeding mares should be taught to eat roots to ensure a
better condition of health. The colt will also soon learn to eat them,
but should not be allowed so much as to produce looseness of the
bowels; enough, only, to aid digestion. Some persons allow their colts
to run with the dam till winter sets in; but it is not good for either
the colt or the mother, especially if she is again breeding. The colt
should be weaned, or shut off from the mother, about the end of the
sixth month; but should be well cared for the first winter--in fact,
all winters; should have either a warm stall, or at least a warm, dry
place, with plenty of bedding, and a good brushing every day, being
very careful, and kind, about his legs, to accustom it to grooming;
give a quart of good, sound oats daily, with sweet, clean hay, add its
little feed of roots, if you have them; but coarse cut food is not
proper for a colt, as it packs too closely for the easy digestion of
young animals. If the fall is particularly dry, when a colt is being
weaned, a few bits of carrots, beets, or turnips, will more especially
be called for as aids to digestion, on account of the shriveled
condition of the grass. With these aids it will not miss the mother's
milk nearly as much as it otherwise would; and if it has already been
accustomed to them, so much less trouble will now be experienced. If 3
or 4 colts can be shut off together in an adjoining field from the
dams, there will be still less trouble than with one alone.

=Profit of Raising Colts.=--A colt may be raised for about the same cost
as a cow; but, at three years old, is generally worth as much as three
or four cows. Not only must the right kind of mares be kept, and the
right kind of colts be raised, but the mother must have the proper
care, as indicated under the head of "Brood-mares, Proper Care of,
etc." She must also have ample stable accommodations, when needed. And
as the profit of raising good colts is so large, as before remarked,
and the demand for them is becoming so great, let the farmer keep the
mares, which are just as kind and good to work on the farm as the
geldings, and let the latter go to the town-people who care not to
engage in the breeding business.

=Colts of Ordinary Training=--=To Cure of Halter-Pulling.=--Colts which
have not been broken young to lead by the side of the mother, as
previously instructed, often annoy their trainer by pulling the
halter. For such, place a spring-pole, a pretty stiff one, on the
opposite side of the manger so he shall not see it; then pass the
halter-strap, or what is better, a rope halter, that may pass through
a hole in the partition or boards, put up for the purpose, passing to
the pole, which shall give him at least 3 or 4 feet of play, and he
will soon try his full strength upon it; but if properly done it will
still hold him, and he will finally walk up to the manger--"the
captain's office,"--and consider his passage paid for life on not a
very large number of pulls either, if it is skilfully arranged. I have
seen this done effectually, and satisfactorily, by taking the colt to
the woods and trimming a sapling of such a size as to have the right
spring to it, then cut off the top at a proper height, bending down
and tying a long rope to the top and to the halter, then letting it up
gently, when the contest would begin, but always with victory to the
sapling, with only a few trials, although it is believed to be the
best to have the sapling hidden from his sight, yet he hardly suspects
the sapling of being his opponent.

=Brood Mares, Proper Care of, Before and at the Time of Foaling.=--The
author is indebted to the "Veterinary" of the New York _Spirit_ and a
correspondent of the _Michigan Farmer_ for the following sensible
instructions as to the proper food and care of brood mares at this
critical period of their lives; and especially will it be found
necessary to have an eye to the mother's conduct towards the foal or
colt, if it is her first, as she may be kind to it and she may not;
still, watchful care is very important in all cases until the colt is
up and doing well. The writers speak very much alike, as though one
had copied from the other, in parts at least, but which is the copyist
I do not know; but as each is more full in some points than the other,
I shall use all important points without giving both in full, as that
would only be a repetition, my credit being given jointly, as above.
The combination is sensible and worthy of consideration. It is as
follows:

"The best feed for the brood mare is corn stalks or good timothy hay,
with from 4 to 6 quarts of ground oats and wheat bran (equal parts)
each day. The ground oats and wheat bran not only enable the dam to
make all necessary preparations to supply the coming foal with
nourishment at the time when most needed, but it keeps her healthy and
strong, and enables her to furnish the growing ftus (colt in uterus)
with the best kind of material to make the best bone and muscle. The
dam should also have moderate exercise, but it should be regular. If
she be used in a team, she should not be driven faster than a walk,
nor loaded too heavily, for in either case there is danger of injuring
the dam and ruining the foal. She should be housed or sheltered nights
and in all stormy weather. As foaling time approaches, she
particularly needs the practised eye of the careful and experienced
breeder. For she should be watched both day and night, as many a
valuable colt has been lost that two minutes' labor at the particular
time would have saved. As soon as the colt is dropped, the attendant
should see that its head is free from the membrane or sac with which
it is enveloped, as the colt will otherwise soon smother. The next
thing is to sever the umbilical cord about 5 inches from the foal and
tie the end next to the foal to the colt to prevent bleeding, etc.
This, if possible, should be done before the dam rises, as many a colt
has been ruptured at the navel by the dam rising before the string is
severed. After the above has been promptly attended, leave the dam
alone with the foal for half an hour and carefully watch her actions.
Now, in case she seems disposed to injure, or in any way abuse the
foal, it should be taken away from her and covered with a blanket
until dry. At the end of a few hours, the attendant with whom the mare
is most familiar should endeavor to assist the foal to suckle. If
necessary the mare must be placed under more or less restraint. The
twitch, strapping up one foot, or the side line must be resorted to,
while the assistant renders the necessary assistance by holding the
colt at the side and putting the nose to the teat of the mare. After
the colt is able to draw its nourishment from the dam without the aid
of its attendant, little need be done but furnish a shed, if the
weather be inclement, and a liberal supply of good hay or stalks, and
a peck of ground oats and bran per day until there is a full growth of
green spring grass."

_Remarks._--The author can see nothing to add to these instructions,
except, should it ever occur that from storms, or from the mare's
"coming in" out of the ordinary season, she should have a double stall
or a barn floor, well bedded, entirely to herself at such time,
together with the same watchful care to avoid accidents, that is above
recommended, with which no danger generally need be apprehended.

=Kicking and Runaway Horses=--=How to Cure of the Habit.=--_The
Kicking._--If you have a horse which is accustomed to knocking out the
dashboard with his heels, when things do not work to please him,
proceed as follows: "Place around his neck a band like that used for
riding with a martin-gale. Then take two light straps (made for the
purpose) and buckle them to the bits, on each side, and pass them
through the neck-band, and also inside the girth, and buckle them
securely to each fetlock, of the hind feet, taking care, in the
making, to have them of the proper length. When a horse is rigged in
this manner, if he attempts to 'kick up behind,' each effort will jerk
his head down in such a way as to astonish him, perhaps throw him over
his head. He will make but a few attempts to kick when he finds his
head thus tied to his heels, and two or three lessons will cure him
altogether."

_For the Runaway._--The method for the runaway is equally simple and
effectual: "First of all, fasten some thick pads upon the horse's
knees, then buckle a strap, about the size of a rein, upon each
fetlock forward, and pass the strap through the hame rings or some
part of the harness near the shoulder on each side, and lead the
straps back to the driver's hand as he sits in the buggy. He has thus
four reins in hand. Start the animal without fear; don't worry him
with a strong pull upon the bit, but talk to him friendly. When he
attempts to run, he must, of course, bend his forward legs. Now pull
sharply one of the foot reins, and the effect will be to raise one of
his forward feet to his shoulder. He is a three-legged horse now, and
when he has gone on in that way a little distance drop the constrained
foot and jerk up the other. He cannot run faster on three legs than
you can ride, and when you have tired him on both sides pretty
thoroughly, or if he refuses to take his trot kindly and obey your
voice and a moderate pull on the bit, you can raise both his fore
feet, drop him upon his knees, and let him make a few bounds in that
position. The animal will soon find that he cannot run away; that he
is completely in your power, and by soothing words you will also be
able to convince him that you are his friend. He will soon obey your
commands, and will be afraid to extend himself for a run. Within a
week or two some horses that were quite valuable animals in respect to
everything but their bad habits of kicking and running in harness,
were cured by the methods described above."--_Boston Herald._

=Cribbing of Horses, What it is and How to Cure It=.--The subject of
cribbing is such a distressing thing to see a horse continuously doing
when hitched to anything upon which he can press his teeth; and which
must be more distressing to the horse, to be compelled, either from
necessity or habit, to do it; and, as it is a subject which I never
heard anyone give a plausible reason as to why horses get into the
habit of it, and as I never saw anything printed upon the subject
which appeared to throw any light upon this mystery, until Dr. Tuttle,
of Clinton, Mich., Feb. 28, 1880, sent a communication to the _Post
and Tribune_, of Detroit, which seems to give such a rational
explanation as to its cause, and also a rational treatment, or cure,
for it, I have felt constrained to give his ideas, although I shall
feel compelled to condense his letter considerably; yet, I will give
that which will enable anyone to avoid the difficulty with colts, and
to treat horses upon his rational plan, that have become diseased, as
he claims, which has addicted them to this terribly distressing habit.
I am aware that most people claim it to be wind sucking, and hence
call them windsuckers, but it never seemed to me to be the fact; and
Dr. Tuttle's idea that it is to get wind out of the stomach rather
than to suck it in, as you will see below, I fully agree with, and
believe his theory to be the correct one, hence I give it the more
cheerfully. In answer to "What is Cribbing?" he says: "Belch of wind
from the stomach. This is absolutely true in the first stage of every
case." He admits the possibility "that horses which have followed the
habit for years, may suck in and swallow wind, though I doubt it," he
continues, "for by carefully watching 'an old stager' go through the
motions of cribbing, you will observe that the shape of the neck,
along the line of the gullet, indicates something coming up out of the
stomach, but which is swallowed back again. As to its cause, he claims
it to be indigestion--dyspepsia, which in man, by fermentation, or
souring of the food, produces gas, and therefore belching of wind, as
it is called--does the same with the colt, for he claims that it
generally begins with the colt and the cribbing, at first, so far
relieves the distress from the distention of the stomach, the habit is
formed, and he ever afterwards follows it; unless the cause,
indigestion, is cured. As to the cause of the indigestion, he thinks
that it arises mostly with fall colts, which have been too early put
upon dry feed, grain, etc., which it was not properly able to
masticate, or chew sufficiently fine to make it digestible, "for
remember," he says, "if you please, that a colt doesn't have a full
colt mouth, (full set of milk teeth) until 2 years old; so don't feed
them on dry, hard, old corn, to 'keep them thriving,' any more than
you would feed a 3 months' old babe on corned beef and boiled cabbage
and expect it to thrive." The last would be as sensible a thing to do
as the first. Raising spring colts is his remedy, so as to avoid
putting them so quickly upon other feed than grass-made milk, with
grass to eat, if they want it, and warm weather in which to grow and
develop. Then when winter comes, if grain seems necessary, give boiled
oats, or oatmeal in limited quantities, just enough to keep the colt
growing, and in condition. Early cut hay, a warm shed for stormy
weather; feed regularly, water regularly before feeding, never after,"
etc. If after the foregoing care, signs of dyspepsia and cribbing
appear, he claims there is something wrong in the diet, or handling,
which must be corrected, and hot bran mashes must be given, and
continued, to keep the bowels continuously free, never allowing the
movements to be hard and difficult. And the further treatment to be
the following, as for horses, in proportion to the age. To cure the
disease when developed, "Bear in mind," he says, "you are treating
dyspepsia, not cribbing, for the latter is only a symptom, a result of
the former, and the treatment must be thorough and persistent"
(continued). The following is his treatment for a horse of five years
or older:

Tinct. of nux vomica, 20 drops, in a swallow of water, before each
feed, continued for months, if need be. "The effect of a small dose is
all you need." It may be given by putting into a small bottle with a
long neck and with about a gill of water, and given by putting into
the mouth, as a drench, or by putting into a small amount of water in
a bucket and drank before giving his full drink before feeding.

_Condition Powder._--A heaping dessert-spoonful (small-sized
table-spoon) of the following tonic powder (condition powder),
thoroughly mixed with the feed at every meal: Powdered gentian,
powdered Peruvian bark (always get the best red, unground Peruvian
bark, and have the druggist grind or powder it fine), of each, 1 lb.,
and powdered Jamaica ginger root,  lb., mixed thoroughly. [And the
author would say, keep it in a closely covered tin box.]

_Graduated Dose, According to Age._--He has graduated the dose to the
age, as follows: For a horse 5 years or older, full dose, as above (20
drops); 4 years old, {7/8} (17 or 18 drops); 3 years old,  (15
drops); 2 years old,  (10 drops); yearlings, {1/3} (6 or 7 drops);
sucking colts, {1/8} to {1/6} (2 to 3 drops, according to the
robustness of the colt). That in parenthesis is the author's, and will
save every one the trouble of calculating at each time of giving the
medicine. I will give Dr. Tuttle's closing paragraph in full. He says:

"In closing, I would say I am not a horse doctor, nor do I wish to be,
but a regular physician of nine years' experience; that in the first
years of my practice, by hard, irregular work and unwise handling, I
made a cribber of one of the finest horses ever owned in Michigan or
driven by any man. Since then I have tried to study carefully, and
scientifically, his very intelligent efforts to obtain relief, and
likewise the effects of treatment, hygienic and therapeutic (_i.e._,
care as to proper food and medicine). And with my knowledge of disease
and remedies in man I have, by analogy and experience, arrived at the
above conclusions, which I give to the public, hoping to assist
horse-loving men to a better understanding of a hitherto
un-scientifically-treated disease, which is distressing to both horse
and owner. And I am confident that if this advice is carefully
followed it will be found to result in cures far beyond that ever
produced by the choke-strap, to say nothing of the peace of mind which
follows the humane treatment adopted for the relief of a distressing
disease of the much abused, unappreciated, though intelligent horse."

=Bots in Horses, A New Remedy Worth its weight in Gold.=--The Department
of Agriculture publishes the following experiments which a gentleman
from Georgia tried and found effective in dispelling serious trouble
in horses. He says: "About 30 years ago a friend lost, by bots, a very
fine horse. He took from the stomach of the dead horse about a gill
of bots and brought them to my office to experiment upon. He made
preparations of every remedy he heard of, and put some of them into
each. Most had no effect, a few affected them slightly, but sage tea,
more than anything else; that killed them in fifteen hours.

He concluded that he would kill them by putting them into nitric acid,
but it had no more effect on them than water; the third day they were
as lively as when put in. A bunch of tansy was growing by my office.
He took a handful of that, bruised it, added a little water, squeezed
out the juice and put some bots into it. They were dead in one minute!
Since then I have had it given to every horse. I have never known it
to fail of giving entire relief. My friend had another horse affected
with the bots, cured by this remedy.--_Grange Visitor._

=Tansy Tea for Bots.=--There is undoubtedly more in the virtues of tansy
for bots than appears upon the face of it; for the following item has
been more recently going the rounds of the papers: "Tansy tea is said
to be a sure remedy for bots in horses. Experiments tried upon bots
show that while they resist the action of almost every other
substance, they are quickly killed by tansy. It is an easy matter to
test it, by those who keep horses, when some of the bots have been
passed, by putting them into some of the extracted juice of the tansy
leaves.

=Colic in Horses=--=Its Cause and What is needed to Cure it.=--As colic is
caused by the indigestion of the food, a sour or gaseous stomach, as
we say of persons, all that is needed to cure it is something to
correct the acidity and to warm up the stomach, so that the digestion
can proceed again; but as the indigestion and consequent acidity may
have progressed so far it cannot be corrected, making it necessary to
give an active cathartic to hasten the fermenting food out of the
system, it is well at first to give a full table-spoonful of saleratus
dissolved in warm water,  pt.; then, if you are where the pepper tea
can be steeped at once, give it; but 'tis well to have something of an
anodyne nature to help allay the pain, as well as to stimulate, which
can be kept in the stable, always ready for use, like the following:
Laudanum, sulphuric ether, chloroform, tinct. of cayenne pepper and
ess. of peppermint, each, 1 oz.; tinct. of belladonna,  oz. MIX DOSE--For
a full sized horse, give 1 table-spoonful in warm water, 
pt., and repeat in 3 minutes, if not before relieved; or, put the
pepper to steeping at once on giving the first dose of this, and if
not relieved in 30 minutes give the pepper tea, as in No. 1, above,
instead of repeating this, would be preferable. But, if no peppers are
at hand, repeat this as above without fear of injury. For I know that
a dozen drops of chloroform in a spoonful of water has relieved
gaseous dyspepsia of persons, while this mixture has several other
things in it making it more reliable in colic of horses and would be
good for persons in doses of  tea-spoonful, repeated once or twice
only, if not relieved in the  hour.

In the meantime, if there is great distention of the bowels by gas,
which is almost always the case in colic, do not overlook the
importance of giving, or having given, the table-spoonful of saleratus
dissolved in water,  pt., to stop the fermentation of the food, which
causes this gaseous condition; and also to have got ready a physic
containing  to  oz. of aloes dissolved in  pt. of water, in which
you have put another table-spoonful of saleratus to make it dissolve,
so it shall be quicker in its operation to carry off this fermenting
food.

If very great pain still exists, or does exist at any time, even as
much as 2 ozs. of laudanum has been given, so also has 2 ozs. of ess.
of peppermint, or 1 oz. of sulphuric ether, or  oz. of chloroform, or
 oz. of hartshorn, in  pt. or 1 pt. of warm water, has and may be
given; the laudanum to stop the pain, the others more to stop the
fermentation, and consequent distention of the stomach and bowels by
the gas. Sometimes this gas is aided to pass off by the rectum by
giving warm water injections, turning the horse's head down hill and
pumping in freely all the bowels will retain, even if it is a
bucketful will do no harm, but by its wetting and softening influence
aids the escape of gas and also the quicker action of the physic, if
one has been given. If the gas is once started freely by the rectum
consider your horse safe.

But, lastly, in no case allow the cruel custom of taking the horse out
and running him, nor even trotting him, nor "rub his belly with a
chestnut rail," nor the wicked and cruel custom of laying him on his
side and getting a big heavy man with coarse boots to walk back and
forth upon him. Some of the mixtures to relieve pain and stop the
accumulation of the gas, then physic, and injections, if needed, to
start the gas off, must be the main dependence. And, I will only add,
if you now allow your horses to die with colic it is not the author's
fault, but will be chargeable to yourselves by neglecting to have a
supply on hand of what is liable to be needed any day.

=Corns, or Shoe Boil of Horses' Feet, Explanation of and
Remedy.=--Corns, also called shoe boils, are generally the result of
bad shoeing, _i.e._, allowing the heel of the shoe to rest too far in,
upon the sole of the horse's foot. They should have their bearing upon
the shell, or solid, outer part of the hoof; then there will be but
few corns. But when they exist, the soft and diseased part of the shoe
must be cut away, to allow the application of the following remedy:
Sulphuric acid, 1 oz.; nitro-muriatic acid,  oz.; corrosive
sublimate, 1 dr. DIRECTIONS--Add, little by little, of one acid to the
other, in an earthen bowl, in the open air, to avoid breathing the
fumes arising from them in mixing. Mash the corrosive sublimate finely
and add it to the acids. Then, having pared and trimmed down to the
sore, apply the remedy with a swab, or pledget of lint and bind on
till the corrosion or destruction of the hoof is stopped; then apply a
soft healing ointment.

=CONDITION POWDERS=.--=Tonic and Purifying to the Blood.=--Sulphur, 6
ozs.; gentian root, sassafras, bark of the root, elecampane root,
ginger root, saltpetre and rosin, each 2 ozs.; digitalis leaves, buchu
leaves, blood root, skunk cabbage root, cream of tartar, Epsom salts,
black antimony, fenugreek seed, and rust, or carbonate of iron, each 1
oz. DIRECTIONS--Pulverize finely, mix thoroughly, and keep in
air-tight boxes. DOSE.--Give a table-spoonful in feed as below.

_Remarks._--In spring and fall use with all stock, as well as horses,
1 table-spoonful daily, in a bran mash, until you see a beneficial
action, or for two weeks; but in case of a horse, cow, or ox being in
bad health, at any time of the year, the same dose twice daily, in a
bran-mash, may be given for a couple of weeks, or until the desired
result--good health--is obtained. Some horses will not, however, eat
bran-mashes, then stir it in wetted oats. This is especially valuable
in all the chronic diseases, as mange, distemper, grease-heel,
big-head, big-leg, poll evil, fistulas, yellow water, etc. It will
show its beneficial effects very quickly.

=Condition Powder, Relaxing, for Use in Scratches, Grease Heel,
etc.=--The following was published in the _Post and Tribune_, by H. W.
Doney, of Jackson, Mich., in answer to an inquiry of "J. W.," of Paw
Paw, for a condition powder to cleanse the blood in spring, adding, "I
have got one horse that has had scratches most of the time for 3
years, and I have doctored him most of the time," Mr. Doney, in
answering, says:

"You have a number of them already given, but there is one for the
special purpose: Mandrake, aloes, Epsom salts, gentian, blood root,
skunk cabbage, gum myrrh, golden seal, stillingia, each 2 ozs.;
sulphur, licorice root, ginger root and coriander seeds, each 4 ozs.;
nitre and lobelia, each 3 ozs.; camphor gum and copperas, each 1 oz.
Powder and mix thoroughly. DOSE.--One-half ounce (about one
table-spoonful) once a day, in feed or drench. To aid the operation
and produce better results, give 1 pint of sassafras tea (daily). If
fever is present, give 15 drops of aconite (tinct. or fl. ex.), once a
day. If paralysis in any form exists, give 15 drops of belladonna
(tinct. or fl. oz.) once a day; or if nerve power is lacking, give 15
drops nux vomica (tinct. or fl. ex.), once a day." [These last
medicines are poisonous if used too much or too often.]

_Physic, or Purge._--Mr. Doney continues:--"Give a good purge made of
fluid extract of mandrake, blood root, liquorice, each 1 oz. DOSE.--1
dr. Adding to each dose 1 oz. of aloes and 2 ozs. of Epsom salts until
the bowels respond freely, then lessen the dose."

_Wash._--One oz. of white vitriol, oz. of alum, 1 of gum catechu, 1
qt. of oak bark solution, 1 oz. turpentine. Mix and use as a wash
twice a day. Take the water in which you boil potatoes, 1 qt. Wash the
limb with it before using the other. If it will not cleanse the limb
thoroughly use oatmeal soap. Rub the limb until the sore looks a
bright pink, and the surrounding portions of the leg white. Keep the
stable well cleaned. Use a brush on the leg often.

=Condition Powder for a Stallion.=--White rosin and madder, each 4 ozs.;
black antimony, gentian root, fenugreek seed, sulphur and ginger root,
each 3 ozs.; anise seed, 2 ozs.; Spanish flies, 1 oz. All made very
fine and intimately mixed. DOSE.--A table-spoonful, a little rounding,
in the morning's feed, as he begins to drag towards the last of the
season. This is from Robert Hudson, Winfield, Kansas. No one need fear
to use it. And without the Spanish flies, it is a good alterative and
tonic powder for any other horse.

=Distemper in Colts=--=Treatment.=--Distemper in a colt has about three
weeks to run its course; all the medicine required is a light dose of
Epsom salts, say 4 to 6 ozs., and good nursing. Give warm bran mashes,
linseed or oatmeal gruel; keep the animal warm, and rub the legs with
cloths dipped in hot water; a table-spoonful of mustard in the water
would be beneficial if the legs seem to be weak and numb, or
cold.--_N. Y. Times._

=Epizootic, the Most Successful Treatment.=--Wm. Horne, a veterinary, in
the _Country Gentleman_, says: "In the treatment of the epizootic in
horses, in 1872, no treatment in my own practice was so effectual, and
none brought speedier or more permanent relief than a powerful
stimulant applied to the throat outside, and tincture of lobelia, 1
oz., gelsemium,  oz. Mix and place on the roots of the tongue, 30 to
40 drops, three times a day. Plenty of pure air and general warmth and
comfort, make good nursing; not too much pampering and medication.

_Remarks._--The Sweeney Cure, which is a powerful liniment, and
without the alcohol, will be as powerful a stimulant as any-one will
need in these cases. It is not necessary to blister, however if it is
likely to do that rub over with sweet oil to prevent the blistering.
Or, if made without the cantharides, it will not blister. The lobelia
helps the cough, and the gelsemium keeps down the fever by lessening
the pulse. This is claimed to be a bad disease; then use the condition
powder No. 1, in connection with the other treatment.

=Galled Shoulders and Saddle Galls, To Prevent and Cure.=--1. To prevent
shoulder galls for horses easily galled, have a collar shield of firm,
smooth-surfaced leather, upon which the collar will move or slip
easily, and thus not abrade or chafe off the surface hair, skin, etc.;
and have the saddle lined with hard, smooth-surfaced leather--rawhide
is best--like the military saddle, but never have one lined with any
woollen stuff.

=Heaves or "Wind-broken,"=--=Necessary Caution in Feeding, and Cure for
Many.=--"Heaves and windbroken are one and the same disease, the first
being used to designate its mildest form: and the latter when it
reaches its severest stages. It is in reality a kind of asthma, caused
by over-feeding on clover, hay, chaff, and other coarse, bulky, and
dusty fodder. The disease is seldom known where horses are pastured
all the year, and clover in some of its species does not enter into
the hay crop. If the horse has not had the heaves so long as to be
wholly beyond help, try feeding on corn stalks, cut moist hay, with
carrots, beets, turnips, potatoes, and other well known nutritious
roots. Keep the bowels open by laxative medicines, and for a tonic
give arsenic in 3 gr. doses for 2 or 3 weeks. Give the animal no dry
hay, except a little handful at night; and if you have good, well
cured corn stalks, these will suffice, with plenty of roots and cut
hay (wet), with grain 3 times a day."--_New York Sun._

_Remarks._--There are some veterinarians who claim that the air cells,
or some of them, are ruptured; when this is actually the case, there
is probably no cure; but before this has occurred, it has been claimed
by M. Hew, a French veterinarian, I think, that 15 grs. of arsenic,
daily, for 2 or 3 weeks, as McClure and Harzey, in their work on the
horse, inform us, "with green food or straw, and in some cases
bleeding, was perfectly successful," in ten reported cases. In one it
returned after 3 months, which "speedily yielded to a repetition of
the same treatment." The way to give it would be to sprinkle it in
fine powder on a few thoroughly chopped roots, 5 grs., morning, noon,
and night. There would be no danger in its use, stopping at the end of
2 or 3 weeks, or when the difficulty has been fairly overcome.

=Liniments, Oils, Salves, etc., for Horses.=--_California
Liniment._--"Opedeldoc, spirits of turpentine, oil of origanum and
black oil, each, 2 ozs.; gum camphor and red pepper, each,  oz.; aqua
ammonia, 1 oz.; best alcohol, 1 qt. Mix and keep well corked. Good in
all acute pain, rheumatism, sprains, and swellings in man or beast."

_Remarks._--This, with the Black Oil, White Oil, Gargling Oil, and the
Green Salve following, and the Condition Powders for Stallions, were
obtained from the diary of Robert Hudson, of Winfield, Kans., who had
spent considerable time in California, where he obtained them from
practical horsemen; and from my own knowledge of the nature of the
articles used, I am free to say one will search a long time to find
others equal to them.

_New York Sun's Liniment._--The New York _Sun_ says: "Of liniments
there are as many different compounds as of condition powders; but a
good one for horses and other animals may be made of 2 ozs. each of
oils of spike, origanum and wormwood, spirits of ammonia and spirits
of turpentine; then sweet oil, 4 ozs., and best alcohol, 1 qt. Mixed
and kept in a bottle, corked when not in use."

_Black Oil._--British oil, oil of spike (balsam of fir), tanners' oil,
tamarack balsam and oil of vitriol, each, 1 oz.; spirits of
turpentine, 2 ozs. Mix in the order named, putting in the oil of
vitriol slowly, and when cool the spirits of turpentine. Better be in
a quart bottle. Very healing, and to reduce inflammations, by rubbing
in or laying on with wet cloths or soft paper on either man or other
animal.

_White Oil, English._--Spirits of turpentine and alcohol,  pt.; olive
oil, 1 pt.; hartshorn, 4 ozs.; camphor gum, 4 ozs. Mix. Used
especially in wounds and upon old sores.

_Gargling Oil._--White wine vinegar (good cider vinegar will do), 1
pt.; spirits of turpentine and sweet oil, each,  pt.; oil of vitriol,
1 oz.; castile soap and saltpetre, each, 2 ozs. DIRECTIONS.--Shave the
soap fine, pulverize the saltpetre and shake occasionally till
dissolved, when it is ready to use upon swellings, wounds, frostbites,
etc., on horses or cattle, and it has been used extensively on
persons.

_Green Salve._--Spirits of turpentine, 4 ozs.; beeswax, rosin, and
honey, each, 2 ozs.; lard, 12 ozs.; finely pulverized verdigris, 1 oz.
DIRECTIONS.--Heat all gently together, except the verdigris, then
remove from the fire and stir that in as it begins to cool, and stir
till cold. Put in tin boxes for use.

=Mange in Horses, Remedy.=--Wilkes' _Spirit of the Times_ published the
following as a safe and effectual remedy: "Whale (sperm) oil, 6 ozs.;
oil of tar, 3 ozs.; lac-sulphur, 2 ozs.; mix thoroughly and apply with
a hair brush, first washing the skin thoroughly. And at the end of the
second or third day, the animal is to be again washed, and the remedy
re-applied; as it is very probable that all the ova (eggs) of the
mange (or itch) insect are not killed by the first application.

=Poll-evil, Fistula, etc., Successful Remedies.=--Poll-evil simply means
a disease of the head, as the word "poll" comes from the Low Dutch
polle, the head, and as the word evil, in connection with disease,
signifies one causing suffering, we get poll-evil, a disease of the
horse's head from which there is much suffering. As to _fistula_, it
is a Latin word and signifies a hollow seed, or pipe; hence, where we
have a hollow pipe, running down into a sore, it matters not whether
upon the head or the withers (highest part of the shoulders), of a
horse it is really a fistula or a fistulous sore; and, as what will
destroy the pipe which runs down to the bone, in one case, will
destroy it in the other, we couple them together.

When either has become a running sore, you will find the following
recipe from the _Germantown Telegraph_, very satisfactory, as I have
always observed the reliability of its recommendations. It says:
"First, clean the sore with warm, soft water, and dry with soft, warm
cloths; then drop on 8 or 10 drops of muriatic acid twice daily, till
it looks like a fresh wound; after this, wash with suds of castile
soap, and leave it to heal, which it will speedily do, if enough acid
has been used.

=Pawing in the Stable, to Cure Horses of the Habit.=--Fasten a short
piece of log chain--say five or six links--by means of a light strap
to his leg, just above the knee--in the stable, of course--so the
chain stays on the front of the leg, and see how quick the pawing
horse will leave off the habit. In most cases a few days will be
sufficient to effect a cure.--_New York Weekly._

=Ringbone, Spavins, etc.=--=Certain Remedies.=--_Ringbone._--Ringbone and
spavins, poll-evil and fistulas are the most annoying diseases with
which our domestic animals are afflicted; but careful observation of
the recipes the author has gathered during ten years of close scrutiny
of everything published in our most reliable farm journals, will, we
have no doubt, enable our patrons to not only cure the lameness, but
also to remove or cause the absorption of the bony enlargements in
most ringbones and spavins, and to also cure the unsightly sores of
poll-evil and fistulas. The first recipe I shall give for ringbone is
from a correspondent ("J.H.M.", of Wyoming, O.) in _Farm and
Fireside_, of Springfield, O., in answer to "S.F.W." in the same,
desiring a cure for this disease, which, if followed, he says, will
never fail: "Take cantharides (of course, powdered), 2 ozs.; mercurial
ointment or spirits of turpentine, each 4 ozs.; tinct. of iodine, 5
ozs.; corrosive sublimate (powdered), 5 drs. Mix well with lard, 2
lbs. DIRECTIONS--Cut off the hair from the lump and grease with and
rub in well the above preparation. In two days after grease with fresh
lard, and in 4 days wash off with soap suds. Repeat every 4 days until
the lump disappears. I have cured two cases of ten years' standing."

=Spavin, to Cure the Lameness.=--Iodine of mercury, 2 drs.; lard, 2 ozs.
Rub well upon the enlargement; repeat in 2 weeks, or when the new
hair has started out; and so continue till the lameness is
cured.--_Dr. Home, in Michigan Farmer._

=Ringbone and Spavin Cure.=--Powdered cantharides, powdered or finely
shaved castile soap, rosin broken up finely, tinct. of iodine, and
laudanum, each 2 ozs.; mercurial ointment 5 ozs.; pulverized white
vitriol (sulphate of zinc),  oz.; oil of origanum, camphor gum, and
Venice turpentine, each 1 oz.; pulverized corrosive sublimate,  oz.;
lard, 2 lbs. DIRECTIONS--Melt the lard and stir in the mercurial
ointment and rosin, stirring until these are also melted; then add the
powders, mixing well; then add the others, and stir till cold. For
ringbone or spavin, clip off the hair, and rub in the ointment well
with a wooden spatula, or the heel of the hand; after two days, oil
the place with sweet oil (lard will do), and in two days more wash the
place with soap and water, and rub in the ointment again, as at first,
and so repeat till the bone enlargement is all gone.

=Ringbones and Spavins, Ointment for.=--A farrier living near Toledo
uses the following ointment for these purposes, which will be found
good, used the same as the other applications, cutting off the hair,
greasing, washing off, re-applying, etc., with care. "Bin-iodide of
mercury, iodine, corrosive sublimate, and cantharides, all powdered,
and mixed into cosmoline 4 ozs."

_Remarks._--None of these preparations should be applied in winter,
unless the animal can remain in stable, and be secured so his mouth
can not reach the place, and to avoid cold, snow, etc.

=Spavins, Blood or Bag (Wind Galls), Thorough-pins, Splints, etc.,
Permanent Cure for.=--Very strong vinegar, 1 pt., aqua fortis (nitric
acid), spirits of turpentine and best alcohol, each 1 oz.; mix.
DIRECTIONS.--Bathe freely, rubbing hard. Rub downward until you cause
quite a heat in the leg. It will not cause any blister, whatever, and
before you realize it, it will disappear. It has been over two years
since I cured my mare, referred to below, and she is as good as ever
to-day. Bathe three or four times a day, rubbing hard every time. It
seems a very simple recipe, but I can warrant it a good one.--_B. F.
Chamberlin, of Rich, Lapeer County, Mich., in Detroit Post and
Tribune, Dec., 1880_; to which he added:

"It effects a permanent cure. I have tested it on my own horse, also
on others. I have a mare which had two spavins, one on each hind leg;
also two thoroughpins came with them. I tried several kinds of
medicine with no effect, until I got this recipe. The spavins (wind
galls) were as large as a pint bowl. I considered her almost
worthless, she being a very small horse; but I not only cured her
lameness, but caused the enlargement to disappear entirely in three
weeks. You would not know to-day that she ever had a spavin.

=Splints, Ointment for.=--Bin-iodide of mercury, 1 dr., powdered
cantharides, 2 drs., and lard,  oz.; mix evenly into an ointment.
DIRECTIONS.--Shear off the hair from the enlargement, and rub in the
ointment fifteen minutes. The third day after apply sweet oil, lard
oil, or lard, to soften and aid in removing the scab. The horse, or
colt, must not be allowed to get at the sore with his mouth. Continue
until cured.

=SWEENY=.--=Liniment, Oils, and other cures for.=--Webster gives us no
such word; but it is well understood by horsemen to refer to a
shrinkage of the muscles over the shoulder-blade of the horse, with a
tightening down of the skin to the shrunken condition of the muscles.
If it was upon a person, physicians would say the muscles were
_atrophied_, from lack of nourishment; then what will stimulate them
to a healthy action, so that they shall receive their proper share of
nutrition, will soon cure the difficulty; hence the propriety of using
some of the following liniments, or oils, upon the affected shoulder.
And first I will give one from a Kansas stagedriver, which he called:

=Sweeny Cure.=--Oil of origanum, 4 ozs., oil of spike, 2 ozs., oil of
hemlock, tinct. of cantharides, spirits of turpentine, and camphor
gum, each 1 oz.; mix and keep corked. DIRECTIONS.--Rub on well once
daily, lifting the skin well at first. Two or three weeks will cure
bad cases. It will blister. But if it gets too sore miss a few
applications, or rub over with sweet oil (lard will do), after
applying.

=Sweeny, Simple and Certain Cure for.=--A. W. Baird, of Gibson, Ill.,
writes to one of the papers in answer to an inquiry for a cure for
this disease, saying: "The cure is short, easy, sure and simple. It is
this: With the forefinger and thumb of the left hand pull up the skin
on the shoulder, pretty well up on the shrunk place; then with the
small blade of a penknife make an incision through one side of the
skin that is pulled up. Then with both hands raise up the skin around
the incision, and it will fill with air. Fill the shrunk place full;
let your horse stand a few days, or run on pasture; he will soon be
well; it is a certain cure."

="Oil for Sweeny.=--Dig and wash clean angle worms to make 1 pt. and put
them into a suitable bottle, adding salt, by weight, 1 oz.; spirits of
turpentine and sassafras oil, each, 1 oz. Hang in the sun until the
worms are dissolved, then strain and add oils of spike, hemlock and
cedar and gum camphor, each, 2 ozs.; best alcohol, 1 pt. Shake and
bathe the shoulder night and morning. If it blisters, or gives too
much pain, rub on a little lard oil (or lard)."

=Strains, Swelled Legs, etc.=--=Lotion and Liniment
for.=--_Lotion._--Steep wormwood herb, 4 ozs., in sharp vinegar, 2
qts., and add salt, 2 lbs. Bathe the limb thoroughly with this, then
use the following:

_Liniment_.--Oil of spike, 1 oz.; oils of hemlock, cedar, and camphor
gum, turpentine and sweet oil, each, 2 ozs., in 1 qt of arnica. Shake
before applying.

=SCRATCHES, GREASE, HEEL, Etc.=--=To Avoid and to Cure.=--To avoid, keep
the horse in good health, and in the wet and muddy season--fall,
winter and spring--keep the naturally long hair of the fetlocks,
especially on the hind legs, which are much the more liable to this
disease, cut rather closely, so that by proper grooming, these parts
soon dry, and thus avoid this difficulty--I say this, for as a general
thing, it begins with slight inflammation of the skin, when it is
scratches, proper; but which, if allowed to proceed to deeper and more
extensive inflammation, causing the cracking of the skin, and the
escape of a greasy and purulent, or foul matter, to exude from the
cracks, which also excoriates and extends the inflammation to all
parts which it touches, when "grease" may be considered to have taken
full possession; and if not now met with proper treatment, the
exudation assumes a foul smell, and finally a fungus growth may arise
in lumps--grape-like--to cover the whole of the diseased parts,
leaving a red and angry appearance. Of course this is not common; for
proper constitutional treatment, by condition powders, combining
cathartics and diuretics, as well as tonics, with some of the
following local applications, will prevent, or cure, this disease.
(See Condition Powders, Nos. 1, 2 and 3, and also the one given in
connection with Cribbing.)

=Scratches, Canadian Remedy.=--A Canadian correspondent of the
_Scientific American_ gives the following simple remedy for scratches
in horses. He says:--"Having tried many lotions, etc., only to obtain
temporary relief for my horse, I concluded to try a mixture of flower
of sulphur and glycerine, which I mixed into a paste using sufficient
glycerine to give it a glossy appearance, and the results I obtained
in a short time were truly wonderful. I apply this paste at night and
in the morning before going out I apply plain glycerine."

=Scratches, Simple Remedy for.=--A correspondent of the _Western Rural_
sent this, as he calls it, "Simple Remedy for Scratches," which he
also said has been thoroughly tested and proved highly successful:
"Wash the sores thoroughly with warm, soft water, and castile soap:
then rinse them off with clean water, after which rub them dry with a
cloth. Now grate up some carrots and bind them on the sores. This
should be repeated every day, for 4 or 5 days, when the scratches will
be cured."

=Surfeit in Horses, Cause and Cure.=--Surfeit is a disease more
particularly affecting the skin, in which at first there will be found
hard lumps, and if not soon cured, will finally become sore and a
sticky matter exude, forming scales or scabs, and the treatment become
more difficult. It is believed to arise from the horse having been
overworked or overdriven, by which the blood has become heated; then,
by drinking cold water, or standing in the cold, they become chilled,
which shows itself in the skin, more particularly because the kidneys
fail to depurate the blood, _i. e._, to take up and carry off the
effete or worn out portions of the system, which are, therefore,
thrown upon the skin in too great quantities to obtain free escape,
and hence, diuretics, such as nitre,  oz., dissolved in a little
water, and given in its drink night and morning, or an ounce daily of
sweet spirits of nitre in the same way for a few days, will if taken
in hand soon, generally correct the difficulty; but if the horse is
not in general good health, a general constitutional treatment, with
some of the condition powders, care in his feed and grooming, as well
as to see he is not again over-heated, will be necessary. Cathartics,
however, are not considered as essential in this disease as diuretics.
I do not see that any writer upon this subject directs any application
to the skin; but I should most positively recommend the daily, or
twice daily, application of a good stimulating liniment to be well
rubbed into the diseased parts of the skin, for I know it will
expedite the cure as much as an itch ointment helps to more quickly
cure the itch.

=WARTS ON HORSES OR OTHER STOCK=.--=To Cure.=--A farmer writing to one of
the papers, says: "I had a mare some years ago that had a large wart
on her side, where the harness rubbed and kept it sore. In the summer
the flies made it worse. To prevent this I put on a good daub of tar,
and in a few weeks the wart was killed and disappeared. I have
frequently tried it since on cattle and horses, and seldom had
occasion to make a second application. The remedy is simple and
effectual.

=Warts, Effectual Cure for, on Horses or Persons.=--Take full strength
acetic acid, and with a 3-cent camel's hair pencil (brush), just
fairly wet the wart all over. A few applications will cure them on man
or beast. Don't put on enough to run off the wart upon the skin, to
make a sore.

Put 1 oz. of powdered sal-soda (washing soda) in a 2 oz. vial and fill
with water, and wet the warts thoroughly with this, is also effectual,
by a few applications, in all cases, as with the above. A little of
this soda in water to soak the feet in, for those who have corns
(which see), will soften up the dead part and make its removal easy.

=WORMS.=--=Successful Remedies.=--For the long worm which inhabits the
small intestines of the horse, and sometimes find their way into the
stomach, a Mr. Rhodes, a farmer, near Ann Arbor, Mich., gave me the
following as a certain cure:--Burn black ash bark, and give the ashes
in 1 table-spoonful doses, in his feed every morning for three
mornings, then skip three till nine doses are given.

=Heaves, a Claimed Cure.=--Although this is out of its alphabetical
place, as I have tried to arrange the horse recipes, yet as it was
given by the same man who gave the ash plan, above, for worms, I will
give it here, and although I can hardly expect it to cure the worst
heaves, as he claims, it may prove better than I have dared to hope,
as the article, blood root, is known to be valuable in coughs and
throat difficulties of persons. He says: Get blood root,  lb.,
pulverized, and give 1 table-spoonful in the feed, the same as the
ashes were to be given for the worms above (on the old plan of take
three and skip three till nine are taken), will cure the worst heaves.
He says, however, follow it up till cured.

=Feeding Stock Horses, and Also Best Rations for Winter Feeding on the
Farm.=--Although considerable has already been said as to proper care
in feeding work-horses, especially to avoid colics, etc.; yet stock
horses, nor the plans of general feeding, and especially the winter
care of horses, when but little is being done with them, have not been
fully considered; and as such matters are known to be better
understood by stockmen, I will quote from E. W. Stewart, in the _Rural
New Yorker_, one of the most prominent men of that class in our
country. See, also, an item taken from his prize essay on "Fattening
Cattle," found under that head. Every word from such a man may be
considered perfectly reliable and the best thing to "tie to" that can
be found upon the subject upon which he is speaking. Upon the
importance of the horse as the motive power on the farm, and also the
importance of keeping him in full condition and strength in winter, he
says:

"The horse is the principal motive power on the farm, and therefore
needs the best attention. This class of stock is kept wholly for its
muscle, and the working and culture of the farm must depend greatly
upon the character and condition of the horses. The winter season is
one of comparative leisure for horses, as farms are usually managed,
and farmers appear to think horses require little attention when they
are not in hard labor. They are quite in the habit of keeping them
upon poor hay and straw at this season, reserving all grain for spring
feeding. But this is very bad policy. Horses generally come to winter
quarters in thin condition from their summer's labor, and require
judicious feeding and good care to recover their full working
capacity; and farmers should remember that it is much cheaper to put
horses in condition when work is very light, and that all the extra
flesh put on in winter represents so much extra labor available in
spring. Besides, it should always be the aim of team-owners to keep
their horses in good working condition, for it takes less food to keep
up condition than to recover it when lost."

_To avoid colics and aid in digestion_, he says:--"Let us examine a
few rations for work-horses in winter. Horses are often subject to
colic from improper feeding. When fed upon cornmeal alone, its large
percentage of starch renders it too heating, and besides, it is a very
concentrated food, and being just moistened with saliva so as to be
swallowed, it goes into the stomach in the compact form of dough, and
the gastric juice cannot circulate through it so as properly to
perform its office, and internal heat, fever and colic often occur
from want of proper digestion. All such concentrated food should be
mixed with cut hay, the hay being just moistened so that the meal will
adhere to it. This mixes the concentrated with the bulky food, and the
hay separates the particles of meal so as to render the mixture porous
and the gastric juice now circulates freely through the mass and
operates upon the whole contents of the stomach at once. The best way
to use cornmeal as a single grain food is to mix it with moistened
(cut) clover hay. If the clover is of good quality it contains a
larger percentage of albuminoids (muscle-forming food) than cornmeal,
and thus helps to balance the constituents."

[Possibly it may not be amiss to call attention here to the subject of
scalding meal by pouring on boiling water, as mentioned under the head
of "Meal and Hay for Fattening Stock." If scalding it for fattening
purposes makes it more digestible, why not in general feeding? Still,
as it is to be mixed with cut hay here it is not so absolutely
necessary.--AUTHOR.]

_On the Best Feed or Rations for Work-Horses_ he says: "But one of the
best rations for work-horses is corn, oats, and flaxseed, ground
together--the corn and oats in equal weight, and to 19 bushels of the
mixture of corn and oats add one bushel of flaxseed, and grind fine
altogether. The corn and oats make a well-balanced ration, and the
flaxseed is rich in oil, muscle-forming and bone-building elements;
but its oil is its greatest sanitary element. This small proportion of
oil is just sufficient to keep the bowels in excellent condition, the
coat sleek, and every part of the system in well-balanced activity.
And then by feeding this ground mixture with twice its bulk of
moistened cut hay you have as perfect a ration for work-horses as can
be compounded. All regular grist-mills now have an apparatus for
mixing different grains together, so that the farmer has only to carry
the oats, corn or flaxseed in proper quantity to the mill and they
will all be mixed without hand labor. If the farmer has no
straw-cutter he may use oats or wheat chaff to mix with the meal to
render it porous."

[The author would hardly risk the mixture of so small a proportion of
flaxseed with the other. I should prefer it to be ground alone and put
in the proper amount with each feed; but possibly the machinery Mr.
Stewart refers to may do it better than I could expect.]

_For Wintering Horses doing but Little Work._--_Amount and Kinds of
Feed Necessary._--Upon this subject he closes by saying: "In wintering
horses that are doing but little work, straw may be fed with the last
ration and the horses will do well. From 8 to 10 lbs of this meal to
each horse daily will bring them through finely, even on good straw.
When oats are too expensive cornmeal and wheat bran mixed in equal
weights, with 1 pt. of oatmeal to each horse, will give a good result.
If hay is scarce, 2 lbs. of decorticated (hulled) cotton-seed meal, 4
lbs. of cornmeal, 4 lbs. of bran and cut straw will winter horses
well. But there should always be a variety in the food. If the farmer
has clover hay and straw, these should be mixed together--better if
both be cut before mixing, but they may be mixed in the manger without
cutting."

=Amount of Food Necessary for a Horse at Work.=--The English railway
(or, as we call them here, street car) companies, feed their horses a
mixed feed, about as follows, for 6 horses: Hay, 376 lbs., and straw,
84 lbs., both cut into chaff; oats, 336 lbs.; Indian corn, 252 lbs.;
beans, 84 lbs.; bran, 14 lbs. All mixed evenly together and ground;
then I should judge, mixed proportionally with the moistened cut hay
and straw. This makes an average of 11 lbs. of the mixed hay and 16
lbs. of the mixed grain for each horse daily. A fair feed if not
overworked, as many of them do in our cities.

A Pennsylvania farmer says: Two quarts of meal per day is not enough
for a horse that is working; but an excellent mixture of grain is
cracked corn, 1 bushel, and oats, 2 bushels. [The author would say
better if ground together in equal proportions. See Mr. Stewart's Best
Feed or Rations for Work Horses.] Of this, he goes on to say, a small
horse that is driven or worked, should have two quarts at a feed,
given three times a day, with 5 lbs. of hay (cut), night and morning.
And a horse that is not working, but will be soon, would be the better
for a daily feed of 2 qts. of grain (oats) given at noon.

=For Old Horses.=--For old horses the oats should most certainly be
ground, and their coarse food also cut, damped and the ground oats
mixed with it, as their teeth are not in condition to grind for
themselves; and if they are left to do it, they do not get half the
value of the grain. It is worthy of attention. Younger horses may do
tolerably well grinding for themselves, but they will do much better
if it is ground for them.

=Apples Valuable for Horses.=--Remarks have been made in connection with
the subject of carrots, parsnips and other roots of valuable food for
cattle, etc., in which apples are shown to possess largely the power
of dissolving other coarse food for them, why not then good for
horses? (See this pectine, or dissolving power, described in
connection with carrots and other roots for cattle. Apples possess it
in greater abundance than almost any other article known.) Of course
it is only sour apples that have this power, and hence it is only them
that should be fed. One writer says: I have occasionally fed sour
apples to my horses, with excellent results. They are a certain cure
for worms. I feed half to a whole pailful once a week. Another one
says: I am in the habit of turning my horses into the orchard in the
fall, where they can eat as many apples as they like. I find they
derive much benefit from them, and gain flesh much more rapidly than
others which did not receive an apple feed.

=Parsnips Valuable as Food for Horses.=--In the article above referred
to, parsnips were spoken of as having been fed in France, by a
horse-breeder there, for 20 years, with better success than when he
used to feed carrots, from the larger amount of pectine or pectic acid
which they contain. It is from the presence of this dissolving power
in apples, as well as parsnips, carrots, beets, rutabagas, etc., which
make them so valuable as food, when properly cut and mixed with other
coarse food, as hay, cornstalks, straw, etc., all properly cut, both
for horses and cattle.

=Turnips Valuable as an Occasional Feed for Horses.=--Turnips are
healthful for horses, when sliced, or what is better, pulped finely
and mixed with a little salt and corn meal. Of course rutabagas are
richer than the flatter field turnip.

=Bran, its Value for Reducing Inflammation, and as a Laxative.=--Bran
mashes are cooling and laxative, and valuable after inflammations, and
for giving various medicines in, but should not be given in a dry
state; for if fed to any considerable extent dry, it is liable to form
into lumpy secretions, which become almost, if not wholly, impossible
to pass the bowels, and hence death has been known to occur from this
cause.

=Halter Pulling=.--=Sensible Remedy.=--The _Country Gentleman_, in
response to a request from a correspondent for a cure for horses which
have contracted the habit of halter pulling, says: "Take a
sufficiently long piece of  inch rope, put the centre of it under the
tail like a crupper, cross the rope on the back and tie the two ends
together in front of the breast snugly, so there is no slack,
otherwise it would drop down on the tail. Put an ordinary halter on--a
good one--and run the halter strap or rope through a ring in the
manger or from the stall and tie fast in the rope on the front of the
breast, and then slap his face and let him fly back. He will not choke
nor need telling to stop pulling back. Let him wear it awhile, and
twice or thrice daily scare him back as suddenly and forcibly as
possible. After one or two trials you will see that he cannot be
induced to pull back."

=Lice upon Colts, Cattle and Other Animals=.--=Easy and Safe Remedy.=--J.
M. Johnson says in the _Iowa Homestead_ that aloes, in fine powder, is
a specific for the destruction of lice on all animals. It has no
poisonous properties, its intense bitterness being what kills. It can
be freely applied, and as it is to be used in a dry state, its
application is as safe in cold as in warm weather, consequently it is
free from all objections urged against other remedies. Use with fine
pepper-box, dusting and rubbing it in all over, then curry out inside
of a week; repeat if necessary.




CATTLE.


=Milk-Fever, To Avoid.=--"I am in the habit of giving water to cows, as
soon as they drop their calves, and I have never known a case of
milk-fever when the cow had all the water she wanted soon after
calving, and the want was kept supplied at short intervals, giving a
pailful at a time, fresh from the well. In all cases of milk-fever
that I have known anything about, the cows went without water for a
long time, and then were allowed to drink a large quantity, and the
re-action was too great for the system.

"Cows which are fat," Mr. Putnam says, "should have no heating food
for two weeks before calving. And, first, to milk the cow as soon as
she calves, then to give her a bucket of water, fresh from the well,
such as a thirsty man would relish. In half an hour after give her
another, and so on until she is satisfied. Very few," he continues,
"understand how necessary it is to supply the cow's system with water
soon after calving, but it should be done gradually, as above
directed." Mr. Putnam concludes as follows: "If the bag and teats are
full before calving, the milk should be drawn out, and when great
milkers are on pasture, it is a good plan to take them up two weeks
before calving, and put them on dry food so as to check the flow of
milk, for, when a cow is fed on dry hay only, before calving (the calf
is ready for the milk as soon as it is ready), there is no danger of
inflammation or fever."


MILK, TO INCREASE THE FLOW IN DAIRY COWS, AND THE BEST FEED TO INSURE
IT.

=Milk, to Increase.=--The agricultural editor of the _Bee-Keepers'
Journal_ vouches for the following, handed him by one who had tried
the plan to increase the flow of milk, and I have seen the same thing
given in various other sources, and from the nature of the mixture I
have every reason to believe it good. He says:

"If you desire to get a large yield of milk, give your cow, three
times a day, water, slightly warm, slightly salted, in which bran has
been stirred at the rate of 1 qt. to 2 gals. of water. You will find
that your cow will gain 25 per cent. immediately under the effects of
it, and she will become so attached to drink as to refuse clear water,
unless very thirsty; but this mess she will drink almost at any time,
and ask for more. The amount of this drink is an ordinary water
pailful at each time--morning, noon and night. Your animal will then
do her best at discounting the lacteal (_lac_, the Latin word for milk
hence "lacteal," milky) fluid.

=The Best Food for Increasing the Flow of Milk.=--In the Eastern States,
as before stated, milch cows are fed largely on corn meal, but I have
the statement of a well-informed dairyman, that equal parts by
measure, of corn meal, ground oats and wheat bran, well mixed, makes
the best and most profitable feed for increasing the flow of milk,
being much less heating than corn meal alone, and still very
nourishing and satisfactory to the animal as well as to the dairyman
by saving considerable expense, while at the same time he gets his
increased flow of milk, and the cow is not too fat for comfort and
health, as they often become on corn meal alone. There are those,
also, who claim that milch cows will be greatly benefited by mixing
their feed with warm or hot water, if this can be done without too
much trouble, at each milking. It is well-known that to give a family
cow a warm mess in the mornings increases the flow of milk
perceptibly. Why should it not, then, do the same with any number of
dairy cows? Cut the hay and pour hot water over it, and mix it so it
is all wetted, then add the meal, or the mixed feed, referred to
above, mixing thoroughly and feeding while warm. In a dairy of 20 cows
the extra milk will more than half pay for the extra labor. (For the
value of meal daily, to a cow giving milk, see next receipt.)

=Meal, the Value of, for dairy Cows.=--The editor of the _Farmer and
Mirror_ gives the following item, coming, he says, from one of the
best dairymen in Vermont. He says:

"I have come to the conclusion, after seven years' experience in the
feeding of meal every day to such of my cows as were giving milk, that
in the future I would feed more meal instead of less. I believe that
when the cows have been properly selected, and are of a breed that is
reliable as to butter qualities, it amounts to a certainty that all we
feed them above what is required to sustain their bodies, will be
returned to us in butter with a large profit on the investment. At the
same time care should be taken not to overfeed. Gilt-edged butter
cannot be made from cows thin in flesh or poorly fed."

=To "Dry-off" Cows and other Animals.=--As we have given the plan above,
for increasing the flow of milk, it may not be amiss to also give a
good plan here for drying off, which is occasionally important, and as
it is just as applicable to mares, when weaning the colt; and with
slight modification, also valuable for caked-breasts, it is worthy of
a place in this connection. It is as follows: Tar and good vinegar,
each  pt.; spirits of turpentine, 6 ozs.; beeswax and camphor gum, 2
ozs.; tallow, 4 ozs. DIRECTIONS--Boil all together for 15 minutes,
except the turpentine and camphor gum, the latter of which should be
broken up very fine or pulverized by the druggist, by dropping upon it
a few drops of alcohol, then these added when removed from the fire,
and stirred until cold.

The cow or the mare is to be milked dry night and morning, and the
ointment rubbed into the udder and along the milk-veins for 3 or 4
days, or until the milk ceases to flow.

For Caked-Breasts make it without the tar and rub it in well as long
as needed to remove the soreness, then cease unless you desire to dry
up the milk as the camphor has a great tendency to do.

_Remarks._--The camphor was not in the recipe as the author obtained
it; but knowing its value upon the female breast, I have added it to
the recipe, knowing it will prove so much the more reliable. The only
objection to the tar upon the breast is, it stains the clothing, and
is also more sticky.

Another writer says a cow may be dried off in a short time by not
milching her quite out, leaving some in the udder each milking, and by
feeding 4 qts. of dry corn meal in the course of the day, which, if
she is to be fatted, will help to lay on fat, and gradually dry her
off. This is no doubt the fact, if toward the close of her milking
season. Still I can see no objection to the dry meal, even if the
ointment is used.

=Ointment for Swelled Bags, or Udders of Cows.=--Sweet oil, 4 ozs.;
pulverized camphor gum, 1 oz. Dissolve over a slow fire, and rub in
well 2 or 3 times daily. The author thinks the ointment for drying off
cows, above, fully equal, if not even better, than this
camphorated-oil, although only swelling is to be remedied here, which
generally arrives from colds.

=Choked Cattle, Sure Remedy.=--J. B. J. in _Country Gentleman_ speaking
of choked cattle, says: "The following recipe ought to be printed
twice ever year, as it is a sure remedy: Take of fine-cut chewing
tobacco enough to make a ball the size of a hen's egg, dampen it with
molasses so it adheres closely; elevate the animal's head, pull out
the tongue and crowd the ball as far down the throat as possible. In
fifteen minutes it will cause sickness and vomiting, relaxing the
muscles, so that the potato, or whatever may be choking it will be
thrown up."

=Hoven or Bloat in Stock.=--=Prevention and Cure.=--O. J. L. of Modest
Town (a very appropriate name for a place where the men are so modest
they dare not give their name when reporting for an agricultural paper
on the above disease), Va., made a report of the death of a cow and a
calf to one of the farm papers, I think the _Farm and Fireside_, to
which the veterinary surgeon A. T. Wilson, made the following sensible
answer: "Your cow and calf both died from hoven or bloat, a very
common result of injudiciously turning cattle into a rich clover
patch. To prevent bloat, turn them in for an hour or so every day for
a week until they get used to it. To cure bloat, when seen in time,
use 2 ounces, each, of hyposulphite of soda, and tinct. of ginger,
added to a quart of cold water. But in extreme cases, make a opening
with a pocket knife, in lieu of a trochar, in the most prominent
swelling or point on the left flank, and insert any small tube--a
funnel. A quill, or pencil case might answer."

=Scours and Diarrha in Cattle, Colts, etc., to cure.=--For scours in
cattle, change the food and water. Give first 1 qt. of lard oil, with
laudanum, 2 ozs. After 3 to 4 hours, give powdered gum catechu,
ginger, and gentian root, each, 2 ozs., in flaxseed tea, 1 pt., to any
animal over 2 years old; half this, to those under 2 years, and over 9
months, and  to {1/3} the amount to younger stock; repeating the dose
twice daily, and withholding it as soon as the discharges diminish.
Give nourishing food, and flaxseed tea to drink. In chronic (long
standing) diarrha, give, morning and evening, 1 dr. of ammoniated
sulphate of copper, dissolved in cold water,  pt.--_Western Rural._

=Diarrha of Cattle, Remedy.=--Another writer says: "Three pecks of
boiled potatoes, fed in the day, in 3 messes, warm, is an excellent
remedy for diarrha in cattle."

=Scours in Cattle, Remedy.=--Mr. James Door, of Dorchester, Mass.,
recommends fine wheat flour as a cure for scours in cattle. He says:
"Take 1 qt. of the finest flour, mix smoothly with water, making it
just thick enough to run, and administer at one dose. A second dose
may be necessary, but one is generally sufficient for a cure."

=SALT=--=Its Importance for Milch Cows and Other Stock=--=Amount Daily
Necessary.=--_Its Importance._--An American, travelling in Switzerland,
writes that "Here the milch cows are salted early every morning, and
if fed in the stable, as they usually are, the salt is given before
feeding. And they claim that by salting in this way their appetite is
improved, they drink with more regularity, keep in better health, and
give more milk, then when salted in the usual way, as practised by
dairymen in America. The Swiss dairymen think it very injurious to
salt milch cows only once or twice a week, as they would lick too much
salt at one time, and drink too much water for the day; they consider
that stock in order to do well must be fed with regularity every day
alike, and never given too much of anything at one time."

_Amount Necessary._--One of our own stockmen says: "Salt should be
furnished to all animals regularly. A cow, an ox, or a horse,
according to size, needs 2 to 4 ozs. daily. Salt increases the butter
in milk, helps the digestion and nutritive processes, and gives a good
appetite.

_Salt, Amount Necessary for Different Kinds of Stock._--The French
government, according to their custom of testing all such points
scientifically, appointed a commission to examine into, and experiment
if necessary, which reported upon the amount proper for different
kinds of stock, in ordinary condition, as follows: "For a working ox
or a milch cow, 2 ozs. daily; for fattening stall-fed oxes, 2 to 4
ozs., according to size and fatness; for fattening hogs, 1 to 2 ozs.;
for store sheep,  to {2/3} of an oz.; fattening sheep, double the
amount; for horses and mules, 1 oz."

And a private dairyman found, after many trials, that with 2 ozs. of
salt daily, his cows gave the most milk. And the noted French farmer
and chemist, Boussingault, to test it thoroughly, "Fed 6 steers for 13
months, in 2 lots, the food being the same for each lot; but to one
lot he gave 1{1/8} ozs. of salt daily, to an animal, and to the other
lot none. A remarkable difference was at once manifest. The first lot
were all sleek, smooth-coated and in perfect condition. The other
became rough, mangy, and ill-conditioned, and weighed at the end of
the test 150 lbs. less than those that had been supplied with salt."

"Many other similar results," says the _Michigan Farmer_, which gave
the above facts, "might be cited; but there ought to be sufficient to
induce those who still doubt the value of salt for all kinds of farm
stock, to test it for themselves." It closed as follows:

"Not only is salt an agreeable and needful article of food, but is in
some diseases almost a specific remedy. For those parasitic diseases
to which sheep are subject--such as the liver-rot (flukes in the
liver), verminous bronchitis, (worms in the bronchial tubes), and
worms in the stomach and intestines--salt is an unfailing remedy, as
well as an effectual preventive. The irritating worms, which sometimes
infest the rectum of horses are removed at once by an injection of a
solution of 1 oz. of salt in 1 qt. of water. But it is as a constant
addition to the food that it is most useful as a preservative of the
health of our domestic animals."

=Salt as a Vermifuge, its Value for Cattle, Horses, Sheep and
Hogs.=--The New York _World_, speaking of salt for stock, says: "If you
want to keep your cattle, horses, sheep and hogs healthy, give them
salt regularly. There is no better vermifuge than salt. Much of the
so-called hog cholera is due to intestinal worms. Plenty of salt would
prevent the accumulation of these worms. All animals desire salt,
showing that it is a want of their nature, and undoubtedly for wise
purposes."

=Cows, Accidentally Over-Eating Meal, What to do.=--When a cow has
accidentally eaten her fill of meal, do not allow her to drink; and as
soon as discovered, according to the size of the animal, give a drink
of from 1 to 2 lbs. of Epsom salts, dissolved in warm water, and
repeat the dose in 6 hours if it has not operated; in 6 hours more, if
it has not yet worked a hole through, repeat half as much more, and
so continue until a movement is obtained.

=Feeding Calves in Winter.=--A person signing himself "Experience," of
Muir, Mich., in answer to the inquiry of "Breeder," in the Detroit
_Tribune_, that some of its many readers would tell him the best feed
for calves in winter, says: "If he will give his calves wheat bran for
their morning meal, and turnips for their evening meal, with what good
clover hay they want, and give them a warm, clean stable, never let
them out doors in the cold; water them in their stalls once a day--in
the evening--he will have no trouble to raise good calves, and keep
them fat and growing. But under no circumstances should they be turned
out of doors until spring, and if they are kept in the stalls on bran
and turnips until feed is good, they are better for it. The bran
should be fed dry with a small quantity of salt, twice a week."

=Winter Feeding of Cows, Horses and all Other Stock=--=The Importance of
Roots, or Oil Meal, etc., for.=--It is a great change for cattle,
horses, sheep, etc., from a pasture where there is plenty of grass,
and also plenty of exercise, to the stable or even a barn-yard, where
comparatively there is neither grass nor exercise; but the milch cows
will show it the quickest by the shortness in quantity of milk given,
unless some of the succulent roots or oil meal are given at once to
make up for the change from grass to dry hay. Then, again, dry hay,
oats, corn, or cornmeal, have a tendency to produce costiveness, and
hence the importance of some of the roots or oil meal to be given
directly to avoid the probability of costiveness becoming thoroughly
established. People eat oatmeal, or cornmeal mush, corn bread, apples,
peaches, berries, etc., for this very purpose; why should it, then,
not be as necessary for stock as for persons? It is, and should
receive the same care and attention, if we would keep them in a
continuous healthy condition, so that the cows shall give the largest
flow of milk, and that other stock shall continue to thrive instead of
the hair becoming rough and staring, and the animals losing flesh, as
well as heart and appetite. Even poultry should have something of a
succulent or juicy character to make up for the loss of green feed,
insects, etc.

=The Comparative Value of Roots for Winter Feeding as Generally
Understood.=--A writer in the _Rural Home_ places the comparative
value of roots in the following order: Carrots, parsnips, sugar-beets,
mangel-wurzels, rutabagas, Swedish turnips, and lastly, English, or
common field turnips, which are lighter, but do well for early
feeding, before beginning on the richer roots, which also keep better.
This writer did not mention potatoes, but another writer who had been
experimenting upon the subject under the head of "Potatoes for Stock,"
says: "Potatoes for stock are worth 30 cents per bushel to feed to
stock. They are not only nutritious, but excellent appetizers, and
promoters of digestion. My experiments go to show that a peck of
potatoes will produce as much milk as a bushel of carrots, beets or
turnips."

=Nutritive Value of 22 Different Kinds of Food for Farm Stock.=

Food.                    Flesh        Fat       Total.
                        producing.  producing.
Turnips,                    1           5         7
Rutabagas,                  1           7         9
Carrots,                    1           7        10
Mangels,                    2           8        12
Straw,                      3          16        22
Potatoes,                   2          17        22
Brewer's grains,            6         18        25
Hay (early cut),            8          51        64
Millet (seed),              8          76        85
Buckwheat,                  9          61        69
Malt,                       9          76        81
Rye,                       11          74        88
Oats,                      12          63        70
Corn,                      12          53        80
Wheat and barley,          12          66        32
Dried brewer's grains,     16          67        82
Beans (English field),     22          46        74
Peas,                      22          61        79
Linseed,                   23         112        82
Cotton seed cake,          24          46       61
Linseed cake,              28          56        73
Bran and coarse millstuff, 31          54        76

=Field Turnips, How to Feed to Cows Without Flavoring the Milk.=--A
writer in the _Maine Farmer_, says he raised 800 bushels, and fed all
to his 16 to 20 cows--1 pk. twice a day--by trimming off the rootlets
and feeding only the solid turnip, after milking, no bad flavor was
imparted to the milk.

=Soiling Cows.=--It undoubtedly pays to judiciously soil cows, as there
is no other way by which so much milk can be obtained from a small
number of acres. When the land is in proper condition, a cow can be
kept upon one-half acre for summer, and one acre for winter. Even
better than this has been done. In starting, prepare the ground
well--one-eighth of an acre of oats, thickly, for each cow, as early
in the season as you can; two or three weeks after this, sow the same
amount of land to oats again for later cutting. Then prepare the
ground, and sow  of an acre in corn for each cow, which will probably
leave a surplus towards the winter feeding.




SHEEP.


=TWENTY-EIGHT YEARS IN SHEEP HUSBANDRY.=--As the raising of sheep has
become so common on almost every farm, we have thought we could not do
better than to devote a few pages to this important subject. First, we
will give a paper read before the Farmers' Institute, at Hudson,
Mich., Jan. 10th, 1880, by Sidney Green, the well-known farmer of
Pittsford, Hillsdale County, whose experience of 28 years will give
valuable hints, to say the least, upon almost all the important points
of sheep husbandry, so that new beginners may avoid the mishaps which
Mr. Green and others have fallen into for the want of this very
experience in their beginning. He says:

=Introduction.-=-"Ladies and gentlemen, I want to say right here that
what I have to say will be largely in the line of my experience, and
the way that I have managed my own flock of sheep during the past
twenty-eight years.

"A year ago last July, a friend of mine living in Missouri, wishing to
engage in the business of sheep raising on a large scale, and knowing
that I had been somewhat successful on a small scale in the same
business, wrote to me asking advice, and, in fact, asked of me just
what this Institute now asks. I complied with his request, and my
whole essay was comprised of but one word, and that was "Care." If
every man, woman and child, that owns a sheep, or even ever expects
to, will take that one word and make it the key note of every move
they make, guided by their best judgment and discretion, I will
guarantee success in this important branch of farming.

=Care=--=What it Will Do.=--"Care will make carcass; care will make
constitution; care will save fodder; care will ward off disease; care
will make fat, and fat will make wool and grease, and wool and grease
will make money, and that is what we are after. Yes, care will do one
other thing, care will make blood.

"Were it not for the promise I have already made that I would relate
my 28 years' experience with sheep, what I have already said, carried
out, would accomplish a better purpose than anything I could add, and
this paper would be complete. It is true that we are guided to some
extent by the experience of others.

=When and How He Began.=--"In the fall of 1852, I bought in Oakland
county, this State, 53 ewes of common stock for $1 per head, and one
ewe, said to have been a pure cross between the Spanish and French
Merino, for which I paid $25. I drove them to this county (Hillsdale)
in the winter of 1853.

=Shearing=--=Average Weight of Fleece.=--"The first shearing the lot
averaged a little less than 4 lbs. per head. I raised 24 lambs the
first season; I had the good fortune to raise from my pure-blooded ewe
an extra buck lamb, which was the foundation for great improvement of
my flock for those days. For the first few years the flock showed a
greater improvement per year, than they have since they have been
brought to a greater degree of perfection. This, in fact, is my
experience with crossing full bloods with natives. It requires greater
skill to improve really good sheep, than it does to improve an
inferior grade. The second shearing showed an improvement of nearly 
per head. In the course of 5 or 6 years the average of the flock,
numbering from 80 to 100, was a trifle over 6 lbs. per head. With good
luck in the selection of rams, in 10 years from the start, my flock
averaged 7 lbs.

=Drawbacks in Business.=--"Sheep business, like any other business, has
its drawbacks. The use of what I supposed to be a full-blooded Spanish
ram from Webster's flock, of Vermont, set my flock backward on an
average for 2 years  lb. per head. This is the only real set-back
that I ever have experienced. I soon recovered that loss, and have
made steady gain since. So I estimate my average this coming spring at
9 lbs. per head, with the prospect of a little more.

=Increase of Wool per Head by using Blooded Rams.=--"I have thus far
shown simply the increase of wool per head during this time with the
use of what we might call blooded rams, with the single exception of
one blooded ewe. Here occurred an incident which was curious in its
effects, and in after years proved to be adulteration of blood.

=Danger of a Grade Buck upon a Blooded Ewe.=--"My eyes have been wide
open ever since to prevent the repetition of the mishap. The blooded
ewe, which was pure gold in my eyes at the time, was, through
carelessness, mated with a grade buck, and her second lamb was a nice
grade; but the curious part of the affair was that that high and pure
blooded ewe never afterwards raised a pure blooded lamb from mating
with the purest blood I could find. Her breeding qualities were
destroyed and her progeny was not reliable. I kept the ewe till she
died--15 years of age.

=Buck, Selection of, Suitable for the Flock.=--"In selecting a buck that
is suitable for the flock lies the secret of success. If a man has not
the judgment for himself, he had better borrow it from some one that
has, until he is acquainted with the business sufficiently to prevent
mistakes and set-backs. In choosing a ram for myself, I want a low,
heavy body, straight on the back, clear to the roots of the tail,
broad and level over the shoulders, deep and heavy in the brisket,
thick neck, with heavy gullet; in short, constitution is the first
strong point that will receive my attention. I want the wool of a
medium length, smooth on the surface, the thicker the better. The
staple rather stiff and stubbed, with plenty of oil distributed evenly
from the roots to the end. I like heavy folds, but do not want them to
run over the back, nor do I like to see them too heavy over the neck.
Horns, if any, set well from the head, fore-top as long as the rest of
the fleece, down even with the eyes, then stop. Smooth, clear pink
face, and nose, short, thick velvety ears, wool full length, well down
on the legs, and full heavy fleece on the belly. The foregoing is
something of my ideal of a ram.

=Time for Washing and Shearing and Putting Ewes and Lambs by
Themselves.=--"My flock is well washed and sheared from the 15th to the
20th of June. They are turned on the largest range that I can spare.
The ewes and lambs by themselves, the bucks by themselves; the rest,
counted as store sheep, by themselves, making three flocks. From that
time till after harvest all the attention they get is salt once a week
(twice or three times I believe better), and all carefully counted.
About the 20th of August I wean the lambs, taking them as far from the
mothers as I can, generally saving a piece of clover stubble for them,
and giving them the best chance that I can. About the first of October
I commence giving them about a gill ( pt.) of oats apiece daily. This
is kept up until cold weather sets in, and then grain is increased
about  more and kept up until grass grows the next spring. They have
a good shelter if they choose to occupy it. During storms they are
forced to their shelter. I feed clover hay twice a day, and water once
a day, and feed them grain at night. With this treatment my lambs are
kept thrifty all winter. I claim that the grain fed early in the fall
is the secret of wintering successfully.

=Time to Sort Out Breeding Ewes.=--"About the first of October I sort my
breeding ewes. In doing this important work, I have diverged from the
well established rules of breeders and made one of my own. Here I
would call the attention of the Institute to a statement made before
the Institute one year ago, by our worthy president. He made this
statement I think: 'That he raised all the lambs he could.' Now if he
meant he tried to raise all that were born, then we do not differ, but
if he meant that he tried to increase his flock as fast as he could,
then his line of policy and mine lie in a different direction.

=His Rule.=--"My rule is, in sorting for the breeding band, that none
should be less than 2 years old, and none that are inferior as to
size, constitution or thinness of wool. My year-old ewes are turned
with the wethers; and the older ones that have been excluded from the
breeders are marked for sale.

=The Result.=--"The result of this policy is a large and uniform flock,
with strong constitutions and heavy shearers.

=Average Weight.=--"I have just weighed three of my breeders, which is
the average weight of the flock of 30. The heaviest weighed 140 lbs.,
and the lightest 100 lbs., a pick of the average 116 lbs.

=Land too Valuable to Keep Inferior Sheep.=--"Our land is too valuable
to keep inferior sheep, or to try to increase in numbers at the
expense of size and quality.

=Time to Divide in the Fall.=--"My flock of 80 are divided from October,
until they are brought into the yard in three lots, breeders, store
sheep and lambs. Then the breeders and store sheep are turned together
for the winter. I feed stocks twice a day. At noon they are fed light,
with wheat, oats or pea straw. At night they are all fed about one
gill of corn each. All have shelter and are compelled to use it during
storms. Your essayist last year made one remark that was worth its
weight in gold as to the care of sheep, that was, 'to be quiet among
them.' I treat my sheep so they think I am in their way, instead of
their being in mine when I am among them. I feed a very little sulphur
mixed with salt during the winter. I think it a preventative for
pulling their wool. The first of March I take the breeders and keep by
themselves till nearly shearing time. In connection with their grain I
prefer to feed a few roots or a little bran, but do not always find it
convenient.

=Time for Lambs to Appear.=--"The lambs begin to make their appearance
about the 20th of April. Great pains are taken at this time with this
part of the flock. Let the weather be what it may, the ewes and the
lambs are all driven to their shelter every night, and the little ones
are carefully cared for. This precaution is used until the weather
gets warm and settled.

=Time for Trimming, Care of Fleeces, etc.=--"My whole flock is carefully
trimmed and examined about the first of April. The wool is washed and
put in the fleeces at shearing time, so there is no waste. The theory
that sheep will not do well for a long term of years on the same farm
I take no stock in. For 28 years my stock has been kept on the same
farm and the one adjoining. You see I have reported a continual
progress. This, I can assure you, has not been accomplished in a
haphazard way. Nothing has been left undone for their thrift and
comfort that is reasonably in my power to do."

=Sheep, Value of on a Poor Farm.=--"Some farmers of our acquaintance,"
says the _American Agriculturist_, "feel an antipathy to sheep for the
reason that they 'bite close.' We consider this their chief
recommendation. They can only bite close where the pasture is short,
and the pasture is short only on a poor farm. A poor farm will
necessarily be encumbered with briers, weeds, and brush in the fence
corners. Under such circumstances we should say to a farmer who has
$20 or upward in cash, or credit for it, let him borrow the amount if
he has to pay 1 per cent. per month for the use of it, invest it in as
many ewes, not older than 3 years, as you can get for that money. Put
them in such a field as we have described, and give them, in addition
to what they can pick up, a pint of wheat bran and oatmeal each daily,
with free access to water and salt. They will first go for the briers
and clean them out; every portion of that field will be trodden over
and over again, and the weeds will have no chance. Fold them on that
field during the winter, and carry them food sufficient to keep them
thriving. Get the use of a good buck in season--Southdown would be
preferable--and in the spring, if you have good luck, that means if
you give them proper attention and feed regularly, you will raise more
lambs than you have ewes. The money will be more than doubled, and the
wool and manure will pay for their feed and interest. In the spring
you may put that field in corn with the certainty of getting 50 per
cent. increase of crop.

=Sheep Better Than Neat Cattle.=--A competent and experienced writer on
this subject says: "One great advantage sheep have over other stock
is, they never die of the contagious diseases which they contract.
They get the scab, foot rot, or something else, and if unchecked it
gets them in bad condition, and would ultimately, perhaps, kill them.
But the very worst contagious diseases to which sheep are subject give
the owner ample time to treat the affected animals, and the diseases
are generally of a character which yield rapidly to treatment. But a
man may have a lot of hogs and feed them on hundreds of bushels of
corn, and about the time the bottoms of his cribs are neared and he is
thinking of selling, some disease breaks out among them--no one knows
what it is or what to do for it--one animal after another, following
in rapid succession, is affected, and the greater portion die. I have
known farmers well nigh ruined by the appearance of a contagious
disease of this character. Sheep are, happily, exempt from such rapid
and fearful mortality. Besides, when a sheep dies--and they do die,
sometimes,--its pelt is sufficient to pay for its keeping from the
last shearing to its death. It makes no difference when it dies, or
what kills it, the sheep never dies in debt."

=Sheep, More Made on Them Than Upon Horses.=--The Iowa _State Register_
says that an old and careful farmer of Indiana, after 33 years'
experience, informs them that he has made most on sheep, for the money
invested, and the least on horses.

=Sheep, a Few Short Rules for the Care of.=--The American Emigrant
Company's circular says: I. Keep sheep dry under foot, with litter.
This is even more important than roofing them. But never let them
stand, or lie, in the mud or snow.

II. Drop or take out the lowest bars as the sheep enter or leave a
yard, thus saving broken limbs.

III. Begin graining with the greatest care, and use the smallest
quantity at first.

IV. If a ewe loses her lamb, milk her daily for a few days, and mix a
little alum with her salt.

V. Give the lambs a little milk feed in time of weaning.

VI. Never frighten the sheep if it is possible to avoid it.

VII. Sow rye, for weak ones in cold weather, if you can.

VIII. Separate all weak, or thin, or sick, from those strong, in the
fall, and give them especial care.

IX. If any sheep is hurt, catch it at once and wash the wound with
something healing. If a limb is broken bind it with splinters tightly,
loosening as the limb swells.

X. Keep a number of good bells on the sheep.

XI. If one is lame, examine the foot, clean out between the hoofs,
pare the hoof if unsound, and apply tobacco with blue vitriol boiled
in water.

XII. Shear at once any sheep commencing to shed its wool, unless the
weather is too severe.

=Sheep, Their Value for Fertilizing and Improving Worn-Out Soil.=--A
correspondent of the _American Farmer_ writes on the subject of the
capacity of sheep to improve soil, and to renovate and bring up
worn-out land. He says: "From many years' experience and observation,
I am fully convinced that plowing in green crops with lime--such as
clover and others--is the most economical and speediest means that a
farmer can use for bringing up worn soil. Yet it can be very
profitably done by the use of sheep--in pasturing even. More than once
and on more than one farm, I have seen dry, barren spots, such as
gravel knolls and side-hills made fertile and productive in a single
season, simply by salting a small flock on those barren spots twice a
week during the summer; the sheep would be sure to resort there
several times a day to lick up the salt, and thus leave their
droppings, both liquid and solid, which are very rich fertilizers;
then next season the most rank and luxuriant growths of grass and
grain would be produced on those 'galled spots' of any other portion
of the whole field; thus the best kind of manure was applied and
spread just where most wanted without any hard labor. Weight for
weight, sheep manure is more fertilizing than either horse or cow
manure, and next in value to hen or hog droppings. Sheep are valuable
fertilizers I am very sure."

=Breeding Ewes, Care of for Profit.=--Have good winter shelter, good
clover hay, a few roots, a little grain daily, and water handy--water
is more necessary in winter than in summer. Have no fears of their
becoming too fat. If, occasionally, one gets too fat and drops her
lamb out of season, she will be in season for the butcher, at a good
price, after shearing. Sheep are cheap in the fall, when all are fat.
Feed thus from the time they come into winter quarters, or earlier, if
pasture is short, and until it is good in the spring; and your wool
will be better and more of it, the ewes will be better supplied with
milk, especially those raising twins; the lambs will be in a better
condition for the butcher; so will any of the flock, which from age or
general failure to raise a lamb or two, it will be the best to dispose
of. If not cared for through the winter, but allowed to become poor,
you can not sell till fall, when everybody else has them also for
sale.

=Pea and Oatmeal for Fattening Sheep.=--As nothing was said above as to
what kind of food should be used for fattening sheep, the author would
suggest peas and oats, which may have been grown together, or, better
still, to grind them together; then cut nice hay and properly wet it
with sweetened water if you like, then mix in this mixed meal, and I
will guarantee the fattening to be quickly and satisfactorily done.

=Foot Rot in Sheep, Successful Remedy.=--Sulphuric acid, 2 ozs., water,
1 oz.; and put into the mixture two old copper cents (I say old,
because the old ones are purer copper than the new ones), and when the
cents are dissolved it is ready for use. DIRECTIONS.--Remove all the
rotten and decaying parts of the hoof with a knife or any convenient
instrument--a knife like that the blacksmiths use in horseshoeing,
have the end bent up or round a little, is best--the knife being sharp
to cut off if need be any projecting bits of the decaying hoof,
avoiding, if possible, any bleeding; then apply the mixture thoroughly
to every part which was diseased. If thoroughly applied, once will
generally be sufficient; but if there is any of the disease between
the hoofs, besides cleaning out all that can be with the knife, a
piece of soft cord or string must be wet with the mixture and drawn
through to make thorough work of it and prevent its spreading again
from this part.

=Preventive of Foot-Rot in Sheep.=--A Mr. Karkeek, who is claimed to be
good authority, writes to one of the agricultural papers that when the
prevalence of wet weather makes it probable that foot-rot may set in,
"it is easily prevented by carting a quantity of earth and throwing it
up in the form of a mound in the centre of the yard attached to the
shed, and upon this mound strew small quantities of freshly slacked
lime."




HOGS.


=Hogs, Preparing Food for=--=Peas claimed Better than Corn.=--The
_Fostoria Review_ informs us that a writer in one of their exchanges
states:

"The present practice in any country, I believe, is to prepare food
for hogs either by steeping, steaming, or boiling, under the belief
that cooking in any shape is better than giving in the raw state. But
I now assert, on the strongest possible grounds--by evidence
indisputable, again and again proved by actual trials, in various
temperatures, with a variety of the same animals, variously
conducted--that for fast and cheap production of pork, raw peas are
fifty per cent. better than cooked peas or Indian corn in any shape."

=Hog Feeding, Experience of an Iowa Breeder and Packer.=--A hog breeder
and pork packer of Iowa gives his experience in the business to one of
the agricultural papers as follows: He has demonstrated to his entire
satisfaction that after his spring pigs had reached about 300 lbs.
they ceased to grow with any profit. His pigs on the first of January
weighed nearly as much as they did on the first of February,
notwithstanding he had kept up the feeding. He is a great advocate of
taking good care of hogs. He would never shut up his hogs more than
five weeks before he wants to market them. His food early in the fall
was pumpkins, steamed and mixed with middlings, the proportion being
about one-half a bu. of middlings to 40 gals. of steamed pumpkins. His
object was to develop the bone and muscle of the hog without adding
fat. This he continued three months, and then put them in a close pen
and fed them meal and middlings steamed. After shutting them up for
five weeks they gained two pounds a day until they reached 300 lbs.
and then ceased to grow to any extent.

=Hogs.=--=Corn claimed to be the Best Food for, and Best when Cooked.=--I
am well aware that there are some people who yet think that it is not
at all necessary to cook food for hogs or other stock. I do not
propose to enter into the discussion of the subject. I will say that I
think common sense tells us that it is better to cook food to fatten
hogs; but I will give an item from the _American Rural Home_, which
was given under the above heading, then let every one judge for
himself as to whether it is best to grind and cook corn, or to let the
hogs grind and cook it for themselves. The item is as follows:

"Corn is the best feed for hogs, and may be fed in the ear while soft,
but when hard, should be ground fine and wet with hot water, or
otherwise cooked, for it has been proved, by repeated experiments,
that corn thus fed will make from one-third to one-half more pork than
when fed unground and uncooked; and a bushel should make from ten to
twelve pounds of meat when thus fed to good feeding stock."

=Fattening Hogs, Roots Valuable for.=--The _Dublin Farmers' Gazette_
gives the following as to the value of roots for fattening pigs.
"Pigs" is quite often used while speaking of these animals, when hogs
would be the proper word. It says:

"Parsnips, carrots, Swedish turnips, and especially mangel-wurzel,
will all fatten pigs. These roots ought not to be given in a raw
state, but always cooked and mixed with beans, peas, Indian corn, oats
or barley, all of which must be ground into meal. When pigs are fed on
such cooked food as we have stated, the pork acquires a peculiarly
rich flavor, and is much esteemed for family use."

=Store Pigs, Value of Roots for.=--The following item from the _American
Agriculturist_ will strengthen the above idea from the _Gazette_, and
add another root to the list, as this item, no doubt, refers to the
common field turnip, which is not enumerated in the other. I must add,
however, what the _Agriculturist_ does not mention, and that is, I
think the turnips should be cooked. It says:

"Store pigs will thrive well on roots with a slop of bran, sour milk
and water. A supply of roots on hand will greatly reduce the cost of
feeding store pigs. Turnips that cannot well be fed to cows may be
given to the pigs. Give your pigs a warm, dry bed."

=Store Pigs and Breeding Sows, Corn and Oats Ground Together far Better
than either alone.=--A writer upon this subject says:

"A bushel of corn weighs nearly as much as a bushel of oats, but if
ground together the mixture makes a better feed for growing pigs and
breeding sows than either grain alone."

=Apples Good for Hogs, and Hogs Running in the Orchard Destroy the
Codling Moth.=--Fallen apples may be gathered and fed profitably to
hogs, horses, or cattle in moderation, but where one has enough hogs to
consume all as they fall, it is probably the best thing to do to turn
them into the orchard; as those that fall early, especially, contain
the moth, whose sting, or eating into its heart, has caused it to fall
thus early. The word codlin, as Shakespeare has it, means "almost an
apple," hence we get the "codlin," or "codling moth,"--a moth that
makes codlins, or early falling apples, which, if not picked up soon
and carried out of the orchard, the moth will return to the tree for
further depredation and its own increase. "The destruction of the
early fallen apples also destroys the moths and saves the remainder
left upon the trees."

=Sows Eating their Pigs, to Prevent and Cure the Habit.=--To prevent it,
keep a trough of the following mixture where all the hogs can have
access to it: Wood ashes, salt, sulphur and powdered charcoal, in
about equal bulk, mixed, and see especially that sows partake of it
about this period; then if they commence the eating of their young,
give them in small pieces one pound of salt pork; ten or twelve hours
later give them half as much more as long as they will eat it, and
also see that they have frequent tastes of this preventative mixture.

=To Cure the Habit.=--A little salt daily and a handful of charcoal to
each hog once a week, it is claimed will prevent cholera and other
diseases; then, if the above mixture is kept where all hogs can eat of
it at their pleasure, the author will guarantee it preferable to the
salt and charcoal alone. Still, if cholera was prevailing in a
neighbourhood, he would advise some of the preventatives found under
that head, having antimony, saltpetre, etc., with the salt and
charcoal.Keep on the safe side is a good motto to go by. And it is by
thus satisfying the natural desire for what their systems need, that a
ravenous taste is prevented, that of eating their pigs.

=Scurvy Pigs, Simple Remedy.=--Wash the scurvy hair and all parts
troubled with the scurf thoroughly every day for a few times with
buttermilk. A farmer who has tried this so many times as to be sure of
his position, says: "It will entirely and speedily remove the scurf."

=Lice on Hogs, Easy Remedy.=--"Carbolic acid 1 oz. to water 10 ozs.,
makes a wash that destroys lice without injury to the hog." Then it
would on other animals, as cattle, cats, dogs, fowls, etc.

=Kidney-Worm in Hogs and "Fluke" in Sheep, Remedy for.=--The _Rural
Alabamian_ asserts that kidney-worms in hogs, and the fluke worms that
infest the livers of sheep are identically the same. A Parasitic
insect--an insect drawing its whole support from another animal, as
lice upon an animal, or worms in them--and the editor claims also
"that lye made from hardwood ashes, if given daily, will work a cure;
also rubbing turpentine upon the loins."

=Corn and Pork, How to get the Most from, by the Way of Feeding.=--The
Chicago _Herald_ informs its readers that "an Ohio pork grower has
learned by experimenting that a bushel of corn fed on the cob will
produce only nine pounds of pork, while an equal quantity, ground, and
the meal fed raw, gives twelve pounds; but a bushel of corn boiled
gives thirteen pounds, while if ground and the meal cooked, makes
about 16-1/2 pounds.

=The Best Kind for Profitable Raising, etc.=--No matter how much the
doctors may say against eating pork it will always be eaten, and I am
among the number who like my pork and beans, as well as ham and eggs,
the ham part being nice and tender to begin with, and has been nicely
cured, smoked, etc. I always expect to eat some as long as I live, and
it being the same with many, very many others, I will try to give a
few ideas that will benefit the others, to obtain the best breeds, how
to prevent and cure their diseases, manner of feeding, etc., to the
best possible profit. And I desire to be as short as possible, I
cannot cover the point as to the difference in breeds, and as to thier
value in the market, easier than to quote from the _Western Rural_
upon these questions. It says:

=Raising Hogs--Which the Most Profitable.=--"Did our farmer readers ever
take a slate and pencil in an evening and estimate the difference
between a good and a poor breed of hogs? The increasing demand for ham
and lard in all parts of the world shows that hogs that yield largely
of these profitable parts are in demand. The consequence is there is a
range in the market at this time at St. Louis, from $4.50 to $7.50,
and at Chicago from $4 to $7, showing a difference of three per cent.
in favor of the good hog. Nor is this all. While the improved breeds
of hogs can be made as easily and with an equal amount of food to
average at 15 months old 350 pounds, as the 'greaser' hog will 175
pounds, or a little better hog will 225 pounds. If a farmer has 50
head of the latter class to sell now, he will get, at $4 per cwt.,
$1,125. If he has 50 'greasers,' which are too numerous in this
country yet, he will get $700. But if he has 50 of the best
Poland-China, Suffolk, Berkshire, etc., which will have cost no more,
and which will have rendered a large amount of satisfaction, he will
receive $2,450. These are figures that cannot be disputed, and are
within the reach of every farmer who has 160 acres of land in
cultivation. The number, weight or price is not over-estimated."

_Remarks._--Remarks are almost out of the question, for figures don't
lie, and there are too many whose experience has given them the $700,
instead of the $1,125, or the $2,450. Don't do it again is all that is
necessary to add. As to feeding etc., see that head.

=Hog Cholera=--=Its Cause and Best Known Remedies=--=Cause.=--A writer for
the _Country Gentleman_, of Bronson, Michigan, speaking of the cause
of cholera in hogs says: "I have never known an instance of cholera
among hogs that had clean quarters and were fed regularly, kept warm
and dry, although fed exclusively on corn, if they had also pure
drink. The disease is not caused by any one thing alone, but by a
combination of many unfavorable circumstances. To put a hog into a
cold, wet, muddy place, exposed to hot days and chilling nights,
compelled to pick its food out of the dirt and filth and drink from a
filthy trough or hole, are enough to make the best of the swine race
sick. All such abuses invite a sure penalty, and the wonder is that
more do not get cholera, or something else, and die."


DICTIONARY OF MEDICAL TERMS

USED IN THIS WORK.


=Ab-do-men.= The belly, or the lower front part of the body.

=Ab-lu-tion.= Washing of the body externally; cleansing by water.

=Ab-nor-mal.= Unnatural; irregular; not according to rule.

=Ab-or-tion.= Childbirth before the proper time.

=Ab-ra-sion.= A superficial wound caused by bruising the skin.

=Ab-sor-bent.= Glands and vessels which absorb or suck up substances;
medicines which absorb, or combine with acid matter in the stomach or
bowels.

=Ac-couch-eur.= A man who attends mothers in childbirth.

=Ac-e-tab-u-lum.= The socket that receives the head of the thigh bone.

=A-cho-li-a.= Not sufficient of bile.

=A-cid.= Sour, sharp, pungent, bitter or biting to the taste.

=Ac-tual Cau-te-ry.= Used in surgery; burning or searing with a hot
iron.

=Ac-u-punc-ture.= Pricking with needles; one of the operations of
surgery.

=Ac-ute.= Diseases attended with violent symptoms; the reverse of
chronic.

=Ad-he-sive.= Tenacious, sticky; apt or tending to adhere.

=Ad-he-sive Plaster.= Sticking plaster.

=Ad-i-pose.= Membrane of tissue; fat.

=A-dult Age.= Manhood or womanhood; a person who has attained full size
and age.

=Af-fec-tion.= Disorder, disease, malady.

=Al-bu-men.= An element found in both animal and vegetable substances.
The white of an egg.

=Al-bu-mi-nose.= A substance produced in the stomach during digestion.

=Al-i-ment.= Nourishment, nutrition; anything necessary for the support
of life.

=Al-i-ment-a-ry Ca-nal.= The entire passage through the
whole intestines from the mouth; the passage for the aliments.

=Al-ka-li.= A substance which, when united to acids, neutralizes them.

=Al-ter-a-tive.= A remedy which gradually restores healthy action.

=Al-ve-o-lar.= Relating to the sockets of the teeth.

=Al-vine.= Relating to the intestines.

=Am-aur-o-sis.= A loss or decay of sight, produced by various causes.

=Am-en-or-rhe-a.= An obstruction of the menstrual discharges; absence of
the menses.

=Am-ni-ot-ic Liquid.= The fluid surrounding the ftus of the womb.

=Am-pu-ta-tion.= The act of cutting off a limb or other part of the
body.

=A-na-sar-ca.= A dropsy of the whole body; a general dropsy.

=A-nas-to-mose.= To communicate with each other; applied to arteries and
veins.

=A-nat-o-my.= Study of the body.

=An-em-i-a.= Lack of blood; comparatively bloodless state.

=An-es-the-sia.= Numbness or paralysis of sensation.

=An-eu-rism.= A soft tumor, caused by the rupture of the coats of an
artery.

=An-i-mal-cules.= Animals so minute as to be visible only with a
microscope.

=An-o-dyne.= Any medicine which will allay pain and induce sleep.

=Ant-a-cid.= A substance which neutralizes acids; alkalies are antacids.

=An-thel-min-tic.= A medicine that destroys worms.

=An-thrax.= A dusky red or purplish kind of tumor, occurring in the
neck.

=An-ti-bil-ious.= An opposing medicine counteractive of bilious
complaints.

=An-ti-dote.= A preventive, or remedy for, poison of any disease.

=An-ti-dys-en-ter-ic.= A cure for dysentery.

=An-ti-e-met-ic.= A remedy to check vomiting.

=An-ti-lith-ic.= A medicine to prevent or remove urinary calculi or
gravel.

=An-ti-mor-bif-ic.= Anything to prevent or remove disease.

=An-ti-pe-ri-o-dic.= That which cures periodic diseases, such as ague,
intermittent fever, etc.

=An-ti-scor-bu-tic.= A remedy used for the scurvy; blood purifiers.

=An-ti-sep-tic.= Whatever resists or removes putrefaction or
mortification.

=An-ti-spas-mod-ic.= Remedy for cramps, spasms, and convulsions.

=A-nus.= The external opening of the rectum, lower intestines.

=A-or-ta.= The great artery from the heart.

=Ap-a-thy.= Insensibility to pain.

=A-pe-ri-ent.= A mild purgative or laxative.

=Ap-pe-tite.= A desire for food or drink.

=Ar-o-ma.= The agreeable odor of plants and other perfumed substances.

=Ar-o-mat-ic.= Spicy and fragrant drugs.

=Ar-te-ry.= A vessel that conveys the blood from the heart to the
organs.

=Ar-thro-di-a.= A joint movable in any direction.

=Ar-tic-u-la-tion.= The union of bones with each other, as at the
joints.

=Ar-tic-u-la-ted.= Having joints.

=As-car-i-des.= Pinworms found in the lower portion of the bowels.

=As-ci-tes.= Dropsy of the abdomen.

=As-phyx-ia.= Apparent death, as from drowning.

=As-sim-i-la-tion.= The process by which food is changed into tissue.

=As-then-ic.= Debilitated.

=As-trin-gent.= A medicine which contracts or puckers up surfaces with
which they come in contact; used in flooding, diarrhea, etc.

=At-o-ny.= Debility; defect of muscular power.

=At-ro-phy.= A loss of strength and wasting of flesh without any
sensible cause.

=At-ten-u-ants.= Medicines for reducing the weight of the body.

=Au-ri-cle.= A cavity of the heart.

=Aus-cul-ta-tion.= The art of detecting disease by listening to the
sounds of lungs, heart, etc.

=Ax-il-la.= The armpit; hence axillary, pertaining to the armpit.

=Ax-il-la-ry Glands.= Situated in the armpit, secreting a fluid of
peculiar odor.

=Bal-sam-ics.= Medicines possessing healing properties.

=Bile= or =Gall=. A secretion from the liver which aids digestion.

=Blis-ter.= A thin watery bladder on the skin.

=Bou-gie.= A taper body introduced into a passage or sinus to keep it
open or enlarge it.

=Bright's Disease.= A dangerous disease of the kidneys.

=Bron-chi-tis.= Inflammation of the bronchial tubes; the branches of the
windpipe in the lungs.

=Ca-chex-y.= A bad state of the body. It may be caused by blood poisons.

=Cal-cu-lus.= Stone or gravel found in the kidneys and bladder.

=Cal-lous.= Hard or firm.

=Ca-lor-ic=. Heat.

=Cap-il-la-ry.= Fine, hair-like.

=Cap-si-cum.= Cayenne pepper.

=Cap-sule.= A dry, hollow vessel containing the seed or fruit.

=Car-bon-ic Acid Gas.= A gas of two parts of oxygen and one part of
carbon.

=Ca-ri-es.= Ulceration of a bone.

=Car-min-a-tives.= Medicines which allay pain by expelling wind from the
stomach and bowels; an aromatic medicine.

=Ca-rot-id Artery.= The great arteries of the neck that convey blood to
the heart.

=Car-ti-lage.= A hard elastic substance of the body; gristle.

=Ca-ta-me-ni-a.= The monthly discharge of women.

=Cat-a-plasm.= A poultice.

=Ca-tarrah.= A discharge from the head or throat; a flow of mucus.

=Ca-thar-tic.= An active purgative.

=Cath-e-ter.= A curved instrument introduced into the bladder, for
drawing off the urine.

=Caus-tic.= Burning; a corroding or destroying substance which burns or
corrodes living tissues, as nitrate of silver, potash, etc.

=Cau-ter-y.= A burning or searing any part of the body.

=Cell.= A small elementary form found in vegetable and animal tissue.

=Cer-e-bel-lum.= The lower and back part of the brain.

=Cer-e-bral.= Pertaining to the brain.

=Cer-e-brum.= The upper and front part of the brain.

=Cer-e-bro Spinal.= Pertaining to the spinal cord and brain.

=Ce-ru-men.= The wax of the ear.

=Cha-lyb-e-ate.= Containing iron in solution, as found in mineral
springs.

=Chan-cre.= A venereal or syphilitic sore.

=Chol-a-gogues.= Medicines that cause an increased flow of bile, such as
calomel and podophyllin.

=Chol-er-ic.= Easily irritated; irritable.

=Chor-dee.= A painful drawing of the chords of the penis. It occurs in
gonorrhea.

=Chron-ic.= To continue for a long time, and becoming a fixed condition
of the system.

=Chyle.= A milky fluid, mixing with and forming the blood.

=Chyme.= The pulp formed by the food after it has been for some time in
the stomach, mixed with the gastric secretions.

=Cir-cu-la-tion.= The motion of the blood, which is propelled by the
heart through the body.

=Clav-i-cle.= Collar-bone.

=Co-ag-u-la-tion.= A change from a fluid to a solid condition, as in the
coagulation of the blood.

=Co-ag-u-lum.= A clot of blood.

=Co-a-lesce.= To grow together; to unite.

=Col-lapse.= Sudden failure or prostration of the vital functions.

=Col-liq-ua-tive.= Excessive discharges from the body which weaken the
system.

=Co-lon.= A portion of the large intestine.

=Coma, Com-a-tose.= Stupor; disposed to sleep.

=Com-press.= A bandage, made with several folds of linen.

=Con-cus-sion.= A violent shock.

=Con-flu-ent.= Running together.

=Con-ges-tion.= An accumulation of blood.

=Con-junc-ti-va.= The membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the eye.

=Con-sti-pa-tion.= Costiveness.

=Con-ta-gious.= Catching, or that which may be communicated by contact.

=Con-tu-sion.= A bruise.

=Con-va-les-cence.= An improvement in health after sickness.

=Con-vul-sions.= Involuntary and violent movements of the body.

=Cor-dial.= A medicine that stimulates and raises the spirits.

=Cor-ne-a.= The transparent membrane in the fore part of the eye.

=Cor-rob-o-rants.= Tonics or strengthening medicines.

=Cor-ro-sive.= Substances that consume or eat away.

=Coun-ter-ir-ri-ta-tion.= Driving disease from one part by irritating
another part.

=Cra-ni-um.= The skull.

=Cris-is.= The turning point of a disease.

=Cu-ta-ne-ous.= Pertaining to the skin.

=Cu-ti-cle.= The outer skin.

=Cyst.= A bag or sac containing matter or other fluid.

=De-bil-ity.= Weakness.

=De-coc-tions.= Medicines that are prepared by boiling.

=Deg-lu-ti-tion.= The act of swallowing.

=De-liq-ui-um.= The act of fainting.

=De-lir-i-um.= Wildness, temporary loss of the mind.

=De-mul-cents.= A mucilaginous medicine, as flaxseed or gum Arabic.

=Den-ti-tion.= The act or process of cutting teeth.

=Den-ti-frice.= A preparation for cleaning the teeth.

=De-ob-stru-ent.= A mild laxative.

=De-ple-tion.= To diminish the quantity of blood by blood letting or
other process.

=De-p-u-ra-tion.= Cleansing from impure matter.

=De-ter-gent.= Cleansing medicines as laxatives and purgatives.

=Di-ag-no-sis.= The act of determining diseases by symptoms.

=Di-a-pho-retics.= Medicines which aid or produce perspiration or
sweating.

=Di-a-phram.= Midriff; the muscular division between the chest and the
abdomen.

=Di-ath-e-sis.= Tendency of the body to any form of disease, as
scrofulous diathesis.

=Di-e-te-tic.= Relating to diet.

=Dil-a-ta-tion.= Act of spreading in all directions.

=Di-lu-ted.= Reducing the strength of liquids with water.

=Di-lut-ing.= Weakening.

=Dis-cu-tient.= Medicines which scatter or drive away tumors.

=Dis-in-fec-tants.= Articles which purify infected places.

=Dis-lo-ca-tion.= A bone out of its socket.

=Di-u-ret-ic.= A medicine that increases the amount of urine.

=Dor-sal.= Having reference to the back.

=Dras-tics.= Active or strong purgatives.

=Du-o-de-num.= The first of the small intestines.

=Dys-cra-sia.= A bad habit, producing generally a diseased condition of
the system.

=Dys-pep-sia.= Difficult of digestion.

=Dys-pha-gi-a.= Difficulty of swallowing.

=Dysp-n-a.= Obstructing the breath.

=Dys-u-ri-a.= Difficulty and pain in discharging urine.

=Eb-ul-li-tion.= The motion of a liquid by which it gives off bubbles of
vapor.

=Ef-fer-vesce.= To foam as in soda-water.

=Ef-flor-es-cence.= Redness of the surface, as in measles, etc.

=Ef-flu-vi-a.= Exhalations from substances, as from flowers or decaying
matter.

=Ef-fu-sion.= An escape of fluids from their natural position into the
tissues or cavities of the body.

=E-lec-tri-za-tion.= Medical use of electricity.

=E-lec-tu-ary.= Medicines prepared with honey.

=E-lim-i-na-tion.= To escape from the body, as by the pores of the skin.

=E-mac-i-ate.= To waste away; to grow thin.

=Em-bry-o.= The early stage of the ftus.

=Em-e-sis.= The act of vomiting.

=Emet-ics.= Medicines which produce vomiting.

=Em-men-a-gogue.= A medicine which will aid the menstrual discharge.

=E-mol-li-ent.= A softening medicine, flaxseed, etc.

=E-mul-sion.= A mucilage from the emollients.

=E-nam-el.= The outside covering of the teeth.

=En-ceph-a-lon.= The whole brain.

=En-cys-ted.= Enclosed in a cyst or sac.

=En-dem-ic.= A disease peculiar to certain localities.

=E-ne-ma.= An injection by the rectum.

=En-er-va-tion.= A reduction of strength.

=En-te-ri-tis.= Inflammation of the bowels.

=E-phem-eral.= Of short duration.

=Ep-i-dem-ic.= A disease that prevails in a certain district.

=Ep-i-derm-is.= The outer skin; the cuticle.

=Ep-i-gas-tric.= Pertaining to the upper part of the abdomen.

=Ep-i-glot-tis.= Trap-door cartilage at the root of the tongue,
preventing food or drink from entering the wind-pipe.

=Ep-i-lep-tic.= Subject to epilepsy, convulsions, or the falling
sickness.

=E-piph-o-ra.= A surplus secretion of tears, causing what is termed a
watery eye.

=Ep-i-spas-tic.= Blistering.

=Ep-is-tax-is.= Nose bleed.

=Er-e-thism.= Morbid energetic action.

=E-ro-sion.= Eating away; corrosion.

=Er-rhine.= A medicine to promote the discharge of mucus from the nose.

=E-ruc-ta-tion.= Raising the wind from the stomach; belching.

=E-rup-tion.= Pimples or blotches on the skin.

=Es-char.= The dead part, which falls off from the surface.

=Es-cha-rot-ic.= An application which sears or destroys the flesh.

=Eu-sta-chi-an Tube.= A narrow channel leading from the side of the
throat to the internal ear.

=E-vac-u-ation.= The discharge by stool or passing of urine from the
bladder.

=Ex-ac-er-ba-tion.= Violent increase in a disease.

=Ex-an-the-ma.= An eruptive disease, as small-pox, scarlet fever,
measles.

=Ex-ci-sion.= The act of cutting out or off.

=Ex-cit-ant.= A stimulant; a nerve remedy.

=Ex-cor-i-ate.= To wear off the skin in any way.

=Ex-cres-cence.= An unnatural growth of a part, as a wart or tumor.

=Ex-cre-tion.= That which is thrown off.

=Ex-fo-liate.= Scaling or peeling off.

=Ex-ha-la-tion.= Throwing off vapor, air, gas, etc.

=Ex-os-to-sis.= An unnatural growth from a bone; a bony tumor.

=Ex-pec-to-rant.= A medicine which produces or aids the discharge of
mucus from the bronchial tubes or lungs.

=Ex-pec-to-rate.= To discharge mucus or saliva from the mouth.

=Ex-pi-ra-tion.= The act of expiring; breathing out the air from the
lungs.

=Ex-trav-a-sa-tion.= A collection of blood into a cavity under the skin;
a blood blister.

=F-cal.= Relating to the fces.

=F-ces.= The natural discharges of the bowels.

=Fa-ci-al.= Having reference to the face.

=Far-i-na-ceous.= Containing starch, as farinaceous food, meal or flour
from vegetables.

=Fau-ces.= The pharynx and back part of the mouth.

=Feb-ri-fuge.= A medicine to drive away fever, producing perspiration.

=Fe-brile.= Having reference to fever; feverish.

=Fe-mur.= The thigh bone.

=Fet-id.= Having a disagreeable odor.

=Fi-brine.= Animal matter found in blood.

=Fi-brous.= Composed of small threads or fibres of animal or vegetable
matter.

=Fil-ter.= To strain through a paper made for that purpose.

=Fil-tra-tion.= Straining.

=Fist-u-la.= An ulcer.

=Flac-cid.= Flabby, soft, relaxed; as a flaccid muscle.

=Flat-u-len-cy, Fla-tus.= To inflate the stomach with gas.

=Flood-ing.= Uterine hemorrhage.

=Flush.= A flow of blood to the face.

=Flux.= An unusual discharge from the bowels, diarrha.

=F-tus.= The child in the womb.

=Fo-men-ta-tion.= Bathing by means of flannels dipped in hot water or
medicated liquid.

=For-mi-ca-tion.= An unpleasant sensation, like the creeping of ants.

=For-mu-la.= A medical prescription.

=Fract-ure.= A broken bone.

=Fric-tion.= Rubbing with the dry hand or coarse cloth.

=Fu-mi-ga-tion.= Smoking a room or anything to be cleansed.

=Func-tion.= The particular acting of an organ, as the function of the
heart.

=Fun-da-ment.= The anus; the lower extremity of the rectum.

=Fun-gus.= A spongy flesh in wounds, as proud flesh, a soft cancer which
bleeds when touched.

=Gal-van-i-za-tion.= Use of the galvanic current.

=Gan-gli-on.= A knot, or lump on tendons; an enlargement in the course
of a nerve.

=Gan-grene.= Partial death of a part, often ending in entire
mortification.

=Gar-gle.= A wash for the mouth and throat.

=Gastric.= Belonging to the stomach.

=Gastric Juice.= Secretion of the stomach.

=Gas-tri-tis.= Inflammation of the stomach.

=Ges-ta-tion.= The period of pregnancy.

=Gland.= A soft body, the function of which is to secrete some fluid.

=Glot-tis.= The opening into the windpipe at the root of the tongue.

=Glu-te-us.= A name applied to the muscles of the hip.

=Gran-u-la-tion.= The healing of a wound or ulcer with healthy matter.

=Gru-mous.= Thick, clotted, concreted; as in grumous blood.

=Gut-tur-al.= Relating ot the throat.

=Hab-it.= A peculiar state or temperament of the body; predisposed to do
some particular thing.

=Hec-tic.= A remitting fever.

=Hem-a-le-mes.= Hemorrhage from the stomach.

=Hem-a-tu-ra.= Hemorrhage from the bladder.

=Hem-a-to-sis.= An excessive or morbid quantity of blood.

=Hem-i-ple-gia.= Paralysis of one side of the body.

=He-mop-ty-sis.= A spitting of blood.

=Hem-or-rhage.= A flow of blood, as from the lungs, nose. etc.

=Hem-or-rhoids.= The piles; bleeding piles.

=He-pat-ic.= Relating to the liver.

=Her-ba-ceous.= Pertaining to herbs.

=Her-ed-it-y.= Inherited from a parent.

=Her-pes.= Diseases of the skin, as tetter, ringworm, etc.

=Her-ni-a.= A rupture, and protrusion of some part of the bowels.

=Hu-mors.= The fluids of the body, excluding the blood.

=Hy-dra-gogue.= A medicine that produces a watery discharge from the
bowels, used in dropsy.

=Hy-drar-gy-rum.= Metallic mercury, quicksilver, a physician's name for
calomel.

=Hy-dro-gen.= One of the elementary principles, always existing in
water, of which it composes the ninth part.

=Hy-dro-pho-bia.= The rabid qualities of a mad dog.

=Hy-giene.= The art of preserving health by diet.

=Hyp-o-chon-dri-a-cal.= Melancholy; low-spirited.

=Hyp-not-ics.= Medicines which produce sleep.

=Hy-po-der-mic.= To insert under the skin.

=Hy-ster-ic-al.= Subject to hysteria; nervous.

=I-chor.= A biting, watery, acrid discharge from ulcers.

=Id-i-op-a-thy.= An unhealthy condition not preceded by any other
disease.

=Id-i-o-syn-cra-sies.= Peculiarity of constitution or temperament.

=Il-e-us.= Colic in the small intestines.

=Il-i-ac Region.= Region of the small intestines.

=Im-be-cil-ity.= Weakness of mind.

=Im-mer-se.= To plunge under water.

=In-a-ni-tion.= Emptiness; weakness; exhaustion.

=In-cor-po-rate.= To mix medicines.

=In-cu-ba-tion.= To hatch eggs; slow development of disease.

=In-cis-or.= A front tooth.

=In-di-gest-i-ble.= Not easily digested.

=In-dis-po-si-tion.= A poor state of health.

=In-fec-ti-ous.= Contagious.

=In-flam-ma-tion.= Attended with heat; a redness or swelling of any
part.

=In-fu-sion.= Medicine prepared by steeping, not boiling.

=In-ges-tion.= Forcing into the stomach.

=In-jec-tion.= Any preparation sent into some part of the body by means
of a syringe.

=In-oc-u-la-tion.= Communicating a disease to a health person by
injecting contagious matter in the skin.

=Is-chu-ra.= Not able to pass the urine.

=In-spi-ra-tion.= Drawing air into the lungs.

=In-spis-sa-tion.= The act of thickening by boiling or evaporation.

=In-teg-u-ment.= A covering; the skin.

=In-ter-cos-tal.= Between the ribs.

=In-ter-mit-tent.= Ceasing at intervals; fevers which come on at regular
intervals.

=In-tes-tines.= The bowels.

=Jug-u-lar.= Applied to the veins of the throat.

=Lac-er-a-ted.= Torn from.

=Lach-ry-mal.= Pertaining to the tears.

=Lac-ta-tion.= Act of nursing, or sucking.

=Lan-ci-na-ting.= Piercing, as with a sharp pointed instrument.

=Lan-guor.= Feebleness; lassitude of body.

=Lar-ynx.= The upper part of the windpipe.

=Lax-a-tive= A gentle cathartic; a medicine that loosens the bowels.

=Le-sion.= A flesh wound.

=Leth-ar-gy.= Excessive drowsiness.

=Leu-cor-rhe-a.= A whitish discharge from the womb.

=Lig-a-ture.= A thread for tying blood-vessels to prevent bleeding.

=Li-ga-tion.= The art of using a ligature.

=Lin-i-ment.= A fluid lotion or wash to be applied by friction.

=Lith-on-trip-tic.= A medicine to dissolve the stone or gravel in the
bladder.

=Li-thot-o-my.= The operation of cutting to remove the stone in the
bladder.

=Liv-id.= Black and blue spot on the surface.

=Lo-chi-al.= Pertaining to discharges from the womb after child-birth.

=Lum-ba-go.= Rheumatic pains in the loins and small of the back.

=Lum-bar.= Pertaining to the loins.

=Lymph.= A thin, colorless fluid in the lymphatic vessels.

=Lym-phat-ic.= Small vein-like vessels pervading the body; absorbents.

=Mac-er-a-tion.= Steeping or softening with water.

=Mac-u-lar.= Colored spots; blemishes.

=Mal-Bad.= Mal practice; not according to science.

=Ma-la-ri-a.= Bad air; air which tends to cause disease, supposed to
arise from decayed vegetable matter.

=Mal-for-ma-tion.= Irregular formation or structure of parts.

=Ma-lig-nant.= Violent; dangerous; liable to produce death.

=Mar-row.= A soft substance in the bones.

=Mas-ti-ca-tion.= The act of chewing.

=Mas-tur-ba-tion.= Self-abuse. The most injurious, self-destroying of
all habits.

=Ma-te-ri-a Medica.= The science of medicine.

=Ma-trix.= The womb.

=Mat-u-ra-tion.= The formation of puss or matter in any part of the
body.

=Me-dul-la Oblongata.= A nervous mass in the lower part of the brain.

=Men-ses, Menstruation.= The monthly sickness of women.

=Men-stru-um.= A liquid used to dissolve solid substances.

=Me-phit-ic.= Suffocating; noxious; pestilential.

=Met-a-car-pus.= That portion of the hand between the wrist and fingers.

=Me-tas-ta-sis.= A change of disease from one location to another.

=Met-a-tar-sus.= The part of the foot between the ankle and the toes.

=Mi-as-ma, Miasmata.= Malaria; exhalations from swamps, lowlands and
decaying matter.

=Mor-bid.= Unhealthy; diseased; corrupt.

=Mor-bif-ic.= Producing disease.

=Mor-bus.= A disease of the bowels; cholera morbus.

=Mu-ci-lage.= A glutinous, watery solution of gum.

=Mu-cus.= Animal mucilage secreted by the mucous membrane.

=Mus-cles.= A bundle of fibres; the organs of motion; they constitute
the flesh.

=Nar-cot-ics.= Medicines that produce sleep, relieve pain, or stupefy.

=Nau-se-a.= Sickness at the stomach; may increase until vomiting takes
place.

=Na-vel.= Centre of the abdomen.

=Ne-gus.= A liquid made of wine, water, sugar, nutmeg, and lemon juice.

=Ne-phr-it-is.= Inflammation of the kidneys.

=Neph-ros.= The kidney.

=Ner-vine.= A medicine that soothes a nervous excitement.

=Neu-ral-gia.= Pain in the nerves.

=Neu-ras-the-nia.= Nervous exhaustion.

=Noc-tur-nal.= Occurring in the night.

=Nor-mal.= Natural and healthy condition.

=Nos-trum.= A patent medicine.

=Nu-tri-tious.= A substance possessing nourishment.

=Ob-tuse.= Dull, not acute.

=-de-ma.= A watery swelling.

=Ol-fac-tory Nerves.= The nerves of smell.

=O-men-tum.= The covering of the bowels.

=Oph-thal-mi-a.= Disease of the eye. Inflammation of the eyes.

=O-pi-ates.= Medicines which promote sleep.

=Op-tic Nerve.= The nerve which enters the back part of the eye.

=Or-thop-n-a.= Asthma; great difficulty of breathing, caused by
diseases of the heart or diaphragm.

=Os-si-fy.= To change flesh or other soft matter into a hard, bony
substance; from osteo, a bone or like a bone.

=O-vum.= An egg.

=Ox-y-gen.= A gas that forms one-fifth of the atmosphere.

=Pal-ate.= The partition separating the cavity of the mouth from that of
the nose.

=Pal-pi-ta-tion.= A fluttering or unnatural action of the heart, in
which it beats too rapidly and strongly.

=Pan-a-ce-a.= A remedy for all diseases; a universal medicine.

=Pa-pil-la.= A red point upon the tongue or elsewhere.

=Par-a-cen-te-sis.= Puncturing of the chest or abdomen for the purpose
of drawing off water.

=Pa-ral-y-sis.= Palsy; losing control of any part of the system.

=Par-a-lyt-ic.= One affected with paralysis.

=Par-a-ple-gi-a.= Paralysis of the lower portion of the body.

=Par-ox-ysm.= A fit of disease at certain periods.

=Pa-thol-o-gy.= Doctrine of disease.

=Par-tu-ri-tion.= Childbirth.

=Pec-tor-al.= Relating to the chest.

=Pel-vis.= A bony cavity forming the lower part of the trunk of the
body.

=Pep-sin.= A peculiar substance in the stomach which aids digestion.

=Per-i-car-di-um.= The sac containing the heart.

=Per-i-car-ditis.= Inflammation of the pericardium.

=Per-spi-ra-tion.= Sweat.

=Per-i-ne-um.= The part between the anus and organs of generation.

=Per-i-os-te-um.= The membrane covering the bones.

=Per-i-to-ne-um.= The membrane which lines the abdomen and covers the
bowels.

=Pe-te-chi-.= Purple spots which appear upon the skin in low fevers.

=Phag-e-den-ic.= Corroding, eating; applied to ulcers.

=Pha-lan-ges.= The bones which form the fingers and toes.

=Phleg-ma-tic.= Dull; sluggish; heavy.

=Phar-ynx.= The upper part of the throat.

=Phlo-gis-tic.= Tendency to inflammation.

=Phthys-ic-al.= A condition of the system tending to pulmonary
consumption.

=Phlegm.= A mucus from the bronchial tubes.

=Ple-thor-ic.= Of a full habit of body; corpulence.

=Pleu-ra.= A membrane that covers the lungs and folds upon the sides.

=Pleu-ri-sy.= Inflammation of the pleura.

=Pneu-mo-nia.= Inflammation of the lungs.

=Pol-y-pus.= A pear shaped tumor.

=Pre-scrip-tion.= A physician's formula for the preparation of
medicines.

=Probe.= An instrument for examining the depth of a wound.

=Prog-no-sis.= Guessing the termination of a disease.

=Pro-lap-sus Ani.= Falling of the anus.

=Pro-lap-sus Uteri.= Falling of the uterus.

=Pros-tra-tion.= Loss of strength.

=Pro-phy-lac-tic.= A medicine to prevent disease.

=Pty-a-lism.= A copious flow of saliva; salivation.

=Pu-ber-ty.= Full growth; perfection.

=Pu-er-pe-ral.= Fever at or soon after childbirth.

=Pul-mon-a-ry.= Pertaining to, or affecting the lungs.

=Pul-mon-i-tis.= Inflammation of the lungs.

=Pulse.= The beating of the heart or blood-vessels, especially of the
arteries.

=Pulp.= A soft mass.

=Pun-gent.= Piercing, biting, stimulating.

=Pur-ga-tive.= A gentle cathartic; a medicine acting on the bowels to
loosen them.

=Pur-u-lent.= Consisting of pus or matter.

=Pus.= Unhealthy matter.

=Pus-tules.= Elevations of the skin containing pus.

=Pu-tre-fac-tion.= To decompose by fermentation.

=Pu-tres-cent.= Pertaining to the process of putrefaction.

=Py-ro-sis.= A peculiar disease of the stomach better known as
water-brash.

=Rec-tum.= The lower portion of the large intestine.

=Re-frig-er-ant.= Medicines which lessen the heat of the body.

=Reg-i-men.= The regulation of diet and habit in order to restore health
or to cure disease.

=Res-o-lu-tion.= To return to health; dispersion of an inflammation
before pus has formed.

=Re-solv-ents.= Applied to inflammations.

=Res-pi-ra-tion.= The process of breathing.

=Re-sus-ci-ta-tion.= Reviving from apparent death, as drowning.

=Ret-i-na.= The internal nervous tissue of the eye.

=Ru-be-fa-cients.= Medicines that cause redness of the skin, as mustard,
radish leaves, etc.

=Ru-bif-ic.= To make red.

=Sac-cha-rine.= Having the properties of sugar.

=Sa-li-va.= The spittle; the secretions of the mouth.

=Sal-i-vation.= Increase of the secretion of saliva.

=San-a-tive.= A curative medicine; to heal.

=San-guine.= Abounding in blood, or having the color of blood.

=San-nies.= A thin discharge from wounds or ulcers.

=Scab.= A formation over a sore.

=Scarf-skin.= The outer skin of the body.

=Scir-rhous.= Hard; knotty, generally of a cancerous nature.

=Scorbutic.= Partaking of the nature of scurvy.

=Scro-tum.= The bag containing the testicles.

=Se-cre-tion.= The separation of any substance from the blood for a
particular purpose.

=Sed-a-tive.= The opposite of stimulation. A quieting medicine which
allays irritation and soothes pain.

=Sed-en-tary.= Sedentary habit; accustomed to, or requiring much
sitting; inactive.

=Seid-litz.= A village in Bohemia, from which Seidlitz powders derived
its name.

=Sem-i-nal.= Pertaining to or contained in seed.

=Se-rous.= Thin, watery substance, like whey.

=Serum.= The watery, or milky portions of the blood.

=Sin-a-pism.= A mustard plaster.

=Sin-ew.= That which unites flesh to a bone.

=Slough.= Death from a part; the part that separates from a wound.

=Slough-ing.= The act of separating the dead flesh from a sore.

=Sol-u-tion.= Composed of a liquid and a solid substance.

=Sol-vent.= Having the power to dissolve solid substances.

=Sor-des.= The dark matter deposited upon the lips and teeth in low
fevers.

=Spasm.= A sudden contraction of the muscles; cramps, convulsions.

=Spe-cif-ic.= An infallible remedy.

=Spi-nal Col-umn.= The back-bone.

=Spi-nal Cord.= The nervous marrow in the back bone.

=Spleen.= The milt; it is situated in the abdomen and attached to the
stomach.

=Squa-mous.= Having scales.

=Ster-num.= The breast-bone.

=Ster-tor.= Noisy breathing; snoring.

=Ster-to-rous.= The act of snoring.

=Stim-u-lants.= Medicines that are calculated to excite a healthy
action.

=Sto-mach-ic.= A cordial for the stomach, exciting its action.

=Sto-mat-i-tis.= Inflammation of the mouth.

=Stool.= A discharge from the bowels.

=Stran-gu-ry.= Difficult and painful passage of urine.

=Strict-ure.= Unnatural contraction of any passage of the body.

=Stru-ma.= Scrofula.

=Stu-por.= Insensibility; numbness.

=Styp-tic.= A medicine which stops bleeding.

=Sub-cu-ta-ne-ous.= Under the skin.

=Su-dor.= Sweat.

=Su-dor-if-ics.= Medicines that cause sweating.

=Sup-pos-i-tor-ies.= Medical substances introduced into the rectum to
favor or restrain evacuations, or to ease the pain.

=Sup-pu-ra-tion.= The act of forming pus.

=Sut-ure.= The peculiar saw-like joint uniting the bones of the skull.

=Symp-tom.= A sign or token of disease.

=Syn-co-pe.= To swoon; fainting.

=Syph-i-lis.= A contagious disease from sexual intercourse with those
who have venereal disease.

=Syph-i-li-tic.= Pertaining to the venereal disease or pox.

=Syr-inge.= An instrument for injecting liquids into the bowels, ear,
throat, or other parts of the body.

=Tan-nic Acid.= An astringent made from oak bark.

=Tem-per-a-ment.= A peculiar habit of body.

=Ten-don.= A fibrous cord attached to the extremity of a muscle.

=Te-nes-mus.= Difficulty and pain at stool; a painful bearing down
sensation in the lower bowels.

=Te-pid.= Warm, but not hot.

=Ter-tian.= Occurring every other day.

=Tes-tes.= The testicles.

=Tes-ti-cles.= Two glandular bodies situated in the scrotum, belonging
to the male organs of generation.

=Tet-a-nus.= Locked jaw.

=Tib-i-a.= The large bone of the leg below the knee.

=Tinct-ure.= Medicine dissolved in alcohol.

=Tho-rax.= The chest.

=Tor-mi-na.= Severe griping pains.

=Ton-ics.= Remedies intended to strengthen the system.

=Ton-sil.= Glands situated on each side of the throat.

=Tor-pid.= Dull; stupid; lifeless.

=Tra-che-a.= The windpipe.

=Tu-ber-cle.= A pimple, swelling, or small tumor.

=Tu-me-fac-tion.= The act of forming a tumor.

=Tu-mor.= An enlargement of any part of the body; a swelling.

=Ty-phoid.= Resembling typhus; weak; low.

=Ty-phus.= A nervous fever, malignant, infectious, etc.

=Ul-cer.= A sore which discharges pus.

=Um-bil-ic.= Pertaining to the navel.

=U-rea.= A substance found in the urine.

=U-re-ter.= The duct leading from the kidneys to the bladder.

=U-re-thra.= Duct leading out from the bladder; the canal of the penis
through which the urine passes from the body.

=U-rine.= Water from the bladder.

=U-ter-us.= The womb.

=Vac-ci-nate.= To inoculate with the cow-pox by inserting the vaccine in
the skin.

=Vac-cine.= Matter of the cow-pox.

=Va-gi-na.= The passage from the womb to the vulva.

=Vag-in-is-mus.= Spasm of the vagina, caused by morbid irritability.

=Val-e-tu-di-na-ri-an.= A person of a weak, sickly constitution.

=Va-ri-o-lous.= Pertaining to small-pox.

=Ve-ne-ry.= Sexual indulgence.

=Ve-nous.= Relating to the veins.

=Ven-ti-la-tion.= A free admission or motion of air.

=Ver-mi-fuge.= A medicine intended to destroy worms.

=Ver-ti-go.= Dizziness; swimming of the head.

=Ves-i-cle.= A little bladder of water formed under the skin.

=Vir-u-lent.= Extremely injurious; malignant; poisonous.

=Vi-rus.= Contagious poison.

=Vis-ce-ra.= The internal organ of the body.

=Vis-cid.= Sticky; tenacious.

=Vol-a-tile.= Easily evaporated; substances that evaporate on exposure
to the atmosphere.

=Vul-ner-a-ry.= Pertaining to wounds.

=Vul-va.= The external opening of the female genitals.

=Whites.= Fluor Albus.

=Zy-mot-ic.= Contagious diseases, such as may be inoculated.




INDEX--MEDICAL.


A.

Accidents, Rules for Management of, 134

Acute Inflammation of the Eye--Remedy, 84

AGUE PILLS for Obstinate Cases, 54

Air, Fresh, Importance to Sick-rooms, 17

Allopathic Treatment of Hemorrhage of Lungs, 31

ANTIDOTE: Milk as an, 39

APPETITE: To increase or restore, 138

Apoplexy, How to cure, 69

Artificial Skin for Burns, etc., 75

ASTHMA: A Valuable Curative, 105

Asthma, Quick Relief in, 105

Average Length of Life, 90

Average Beats of the Pulse, 91


B.

Balm of Gilead, for Coughs, etc., 216

BALSAM: Blackberry, Recipe for, 104 For Coughs, 138 Peckham's Genuine,
138

Barber's Itch, Ointment for, 59

Barley Water, 21

BEEF TEA: Improved Flavor by Broiling, 20 Made Without Heat, 21 Old
Fashioned Kind, 20

Bee and Wasp Stings, Sure Cure for, 145

Bites and Stings, Handy Remedy for, 145

Blackberry Balsam, Recipe for, 104

Bleeding, to Stop, 137

Bobbitt, Dr. E. B., on Sun-strokes and Apoplexy, 69

BOILS: An Alterative Syrup for, 134

BOWELS: Treatment at time of Confinement, 148

Boils, Remedies for, 37

Borax, its Value in Catarrh, etc., 96

Breasts, Sore, their Treatment at time of Confinement, 148

Bright's Disease of the Kidneys, Remedy for, 82

Bronchitis, Valuable Remedy for, 66

BURNS: Artificial Skin for, 75 Ointment for, 136 Treatment of, 50


C.

Camphor and Soap Liniment, How to Make, 102

Camphor, Its Use in Mumps, 129

CANCER: Chromic Acid Valuable in, 24 Relief of Pain in, 24

Carbolic Salve, Recipe for, 57

Carbonizing Cancers, 23

CASTOR-OIL: To Overcome Taste of, 62

CATARRH: Nasal, 87 Snuff for, How to Make, 88 The Use of Borax in, 96

CERTAIN CURE: For Bed-wetting in Children, 143 For Nose-bleed, 52 For
Small-pox, 46

Chances of Women for Marriage, 90

Chapped Hands, Cure for, 59

CHICKEN: Pox, Treatment of, 129 Water, for Invalids, 21

Children, Diseases of, 103

Chilblains, Remedy for, 42

Chloral in Night Sweats, 97

CHOLERA: Infallible Cure for, 68

CHOLERA INFANTUM: Causes of, 132 Symptoms of, 132 Treatment of, 133

CHOLERA MORBUS: Causes of, 131 Eclectic or Herbal Treatment for, 132
Symptoms of, 131 Treatment of, 131

Chromic Acid, Valuable in Cancer, 24

CHRONIC: Diarrhea, Cure for, 68

Cinders in the Eye, to Remove, 54

Cleanliness of Sick-room, 18

COFFEE: In Typhoid Fever, Use of, 43

COSTIVENESS: A New Remedy, 28

Cough, Recipe for an Intense, 66

Confinement, Probable Date of, 147

CONVULSIONS at time of Confinement, 156

Colds, Onion Syrup Remedy for, 66

COLD FEET: Remedy for, 116

COLIC: Cured by Quinine, 28

Collodion, an Artificial Skin for Burns, 75

Common-sense Treatment for Catarrh, 87

Compound, Diarrhea, Recipe, 73

CONSTIPATION: Cure for, 72 Some New Remedies, 28

CONSUMPTION: Cure for Cough in, 63 Climatic Changes Recommended, 64
Gallic Acid in, 65 Prevention of, 63 Syrups Used in, 63 Tincture Used
in, 63

Cordial for Diarrhea, Recipe for, 104

CORNS: To Prevent, 85 Sure Cure for, 84

Cough in Consumption, Relief from, 63

COUGH SYRUPS: Recipes for, 65 Valuable Receipt, 66

Cough Tincture for Consumptives, 63

Cramps during Labor of Confinement, 153

CROUP: Emetic for, 61 External Remedy for, 61 Instant Relief for, 61
Remedy for, 61

Cure, see Remedy

Cure for the "Love of Liquor," [See Remedy]

Cure-all Liniment, Recipe for, 27


D.

DELICACIES for the Sick, 19

Diarrha, Recipe for Powder for, 80

DISINFECTANTS: How to Use, 45 Their Great Value, 44

Diabetes, How to Cure, 93

DIARRHEA: Of Children, Cordial for, 104 Chronic, Cure for, 68
Compound, Very Valuable in, 73 Dictionary of Medical Terms, 349

DIPHTHERIA: Treatment of, 31 Dr. Haney's Remedy for, 35 Use of Ice in,
32

Disease of the Kidneys (Bright's), 82

Diseases of Children, how to Treat, 103

Diuretics, Valuable Recipes, 119

DRINKS suited for the Sick, 19

Dry Rubbings, Essential in Disease, 116

DYSENTERY: Remedy for, 73 Of Children, Cordial for, 103-4 Milk a
Medicine in, 38

DYSPEPSIA: Hard-boiled Eggs a Specific for, 78 Hot Water, Its Use in,
81 Liquid Food for, 78 Use of Milk and Lime Water, 79

DYSPEPTICS: Excellent Food for, 79

Dyspepsia. A Valuable Powder for, 80


E.

EARACHE: Home Remedy and Excellent for, 49

Ear, Certain Remedies for Ulceration of, 21

Egg-nog for Sick, How to Make, 49

Eggs, Hard-boiled, Their Use in Dyspepsia, 78

EMETICS: The Best in Use, 95 Croup, for, Excellent, 61

Emetics as Antidotes for Poisoning, 55

ENGLISH REMEDY: For Headache, 47 For Neuralgia, 47

EPILEPSY: Successful Remedy for, 114

Epileptic Fits, Pills for, 115

ERYSIPELAS: New Remedy for, 93

Essences of Beef for the Sick, 20

Eye-water, Recipe for, 83

EYES: Acute Inflammation of, to Cure, 84 To Cure Inflamed, 83


F.

FAINTING during Labor of Confinement, 156

Falling into Deep Water, What to Do, 135

Felon, Remedy for, 69

Female Complaints, Tonic Pill for, 99

FEVERS: Scarlet, Very Successful Remedies, 40 Typhoid, Use of Coffee
in, 43

Flesh Wounds, to Prevent Bleeding, 52

FOOD: For the Sick, 19 For Patients during Labor Pains, 153
Dyspeptics, Liquid Food for, 78 Sick, for, How to Prepare, 30

Fresh Air, Essential in Sick-room, 19

Frost Bites, Remedy for, 75


G.

Gallic Acid in Liquid Form, Its Uses, 65

GARGLE: For Tonsilitis, 74 Throat, 35

Giles' Liniment of Iodide of Ammonia, 27

Gleet, Effectual Treatment for, 113

GOITRE OR SWELLED NECK: External Remedy for, 27 Internal Remedy for,
27

Golden Oil for Rheumatism, 26

GONORRHA: Treatment of, 110

Gonorrha, Injection for, 111 How to Cure without Injection, 112 A New
and Simple Method of Treatment, 113

Grandmother's Cure for Sore Throat, 35

Gravel, Remedy for, 29


H.

Hands, to Soften, 59

Handy Remedy for Bites and Stings, 210

Hard-boiled Eggs, Their Use in Dyspepsia, 78

HEADACHE: Remedy for, 47 Home Remedies for, 61

Healing Ointment for Burns, &c., 136

Health, Rules for Winter, 136

Heartburn, Cure for, 62

HEMORRHAGE: How to Treat, 29 Lungs, of the, 31 Womb, 30 Wounds, 31

HICCOUGH: French Remedy, 53 Cure for, 52-3

HOT WATER CURE, 119

Hoarseness, Cure for, 65

Homeopathic Remedy for Diphtheria, 34

Hop Fomentation, 127

HOT FOMENTATIONS and POULTICES, 127

Hot Mustard Foot Baths, 127

HOT WATER: Its Uses in Constipation, 28 Dyspepsia, Use in, 81
Poultice, as a, 87

How to Distinguish Measles from Scarlet Fever, 124


I.

Ice in Diphtheria, 32

Ill-Heath, How to Avoid, 51

Indian Cough Syrup, 95

Inflammatory Rheumatism, 25

Infallable Cure for Cholera, 68

Infantile Diarrhea, 73

Inflamed Eyes, to Cure, 229

Injections, Benefit of, 100

Instant Relief in Croup, 61

Inward Wounds, How to Cure, 229

ITCH: To Cure the, 229 Ointment for the, 58

Itching, to Cure, 59


J.

Jaundice, Remedies for, 106


L.

Labor Pains, Certain Signs of their Approach, 149

Lemons, Their Value as Medicine, 92

Length of Life, Average, 89

Leucorrha, Injection for, 100

Light, Essential in a Sick-room, 18

LIFE: How to Prolong, 88 Insurance Statistics as to Longevity of, 89

Lightning Liniment, 27

LINIMENTS: Camphor, 23 Chase's, for Ladies, 26 Colic, 27 Cure-all, 27
External Only, 24 Hamlin's Wizard Oil, 26 Giles', 27 Lightning, 27
Reduce Swellings, to, 23 Rheumatic, 23 R. R. R., 26

Liquid Physic for Constipation, 72

Liquor, a Cure for the Love of, 139 Its use a Permanent Injury, 88

Location of Sick-room, 17

Lock-jaw, Remedy for, 51

Loss of Voice, Cure for, 65

Lungs, Hemorrhage of, 31


M.

Magical Cure, 59

Marriage, Woman's Chances for, 90

MEASLES: Eclectic or Herbal Treatment for, 123 Malignant, 136 Striking
in of, What to Do, 125 To Bring them Out, 123 Treatment of, 124

Meat Teas, Made Without Heat, 21

Menstruation, Painful, Remedy for, 141

Menses, To Restore, 101

MIDWIFERY: First Signs of Pregnancy, 147 Another Symptom, 147 Action
of the Bowels, 148 Convulsions, 156 Cramps during Labor, 153 Duties of
a Nurse during Labor, 150 Duties of a Nurse during Second Stage of
Labor, 153 Fainting, 156 Food for the Patient, 153 Labor Pains, 149
Management of a Newly-born Child, 157 Medical Terms, 349 Probable Date
of Confinement, 147 Process of Natural Labor, 149 Sore Breasts, 148
The Urine, 149 The Binder, 152 The Receiver, 152 The Thread or Worsted
for Tying the Cord, 152 The Preparation of the Bed, 152 What to do in
the Absence of the Medical Attendant, 153

MILK: As an Antidote, 39 Diarrha, Its Use in, 38 Drying Up, for
Nursing Mothers, 102 Eggs, and How to Prepare, 22 Lime Water, and for
Dyspepsia, 79 Punch, with Eggs, 22 Scarlet Fever, Use of, in, 38

Milk, Suppression of, while Nursing, 101

MUMPS:, 128 Camphor, Use of, in, 129 Symptoms of, 128 Treatment of,
128

Mrs. Chase's Liniment for Ladies, 26


N.

Nasal Catarrh, Cure for, 87

Nervous Headache, Remedies for, 74

Nervousness, Loss of Sleep, to Cure, 59

NEURALGIA: English Remedy for, 47 Pill for, Tonic, 48

New Remedy for Nervous Head-ache, 74

Newly-born Child, Method of Management, 157

Night Sweats, Remedy for, 97

Nose, Sore, Certain Cure for, 36

Nose Bleed, Novel Remedy for, 52

Nurse, Importance of a Good, 17

Nurse, The Duties during Labor Pains, 150 Duties during Second Stage
of Labor, 153

Nursing, Essential in Sickness, 17


O.

Ointments for Chilblains and Frost Bites, 75

OINTMENTS: Barber's Itch, to Cure, 59 Burns, Very Excellent, 136
General Purpose, 56 Itch, to Cure, 58 Wounds, 57 Tumors, 56

ONIONS: Roasted as a Poultice, 138 Syrup, for Colds, 66 Their Value as
Food, etc., 138


P.

Painful Menstruation, to Cure, 141

PAIN KILLER: External Remedy, 68 Perry Davis', 26

Patients avoiding Draft in Sick-rooms, 22

Peckham's Genuine Balsam, 138

Perry Davis' Pain Killer, 26

Physic, Liquid, for Constipation, 72

PILLS:, 54 Compound Cathartic, 71 Constipation, Admirable for, 72
Epileptic Fits, Valuable in, 115 Liver, 71 Neuralgia, 48

PLASTER: Weak Back, for, 58

Poison Ivy, Cure for Poison by, 135

POISONING: Remedy for Bite of Snakes, 53 Tobacco, 53

Poisoning, Rules for Management in, 55

Pond's Extract of Hamamelis, 29

POULTICE: Hot Water, 87 Yeast, How to Make, 128

Prevention of Consumption, 63

Pregnancy, The First Sign, 147 Another Symptom, 147

Preparation of Bed at Period of Confinement, 152

PREVENTIVE: Lock-jaw, of, 51

Prickly Heat, Treatment of, 103

PUNCH: For the Sick, 22

Purifying the Blood, 72


Q.

Quick Relief in Asthma, 105

Quick Emetics in Poisoning, 55

Quiet of Sick-room, 19

QUINSY: Remedy for, 82

Quinine, Cure for Colic, 28

Quinine, to Dissolve, 67

Quinine in Whooping Cough, 67


R.

Raw Eggs and Milk, 22

RECEIPT: For Eye Water, 83

Regulator, Liver, 72

REMEDY: For Ague, 53 Boils, 37 Bed-wetting, 143 Bee Stings, 145
Cancer, 23 Chapped Hands, 59 Chilblains, 75 Colds, 66 Cold Feet, 117
Constipation, 28 Corns, 84 Costiveness, 28 Coughs, 65 Croup, 61
Diphtheria, 32 Dysentery, 73 Dyspepsia, 80 Earache, 49 Epilepsy, 114
Erysipelas, 93 Felon, 69 Frost Bites, 75 Goitre, or Swelled Neck, 27
Gravel, 29 Heartburn, 62 Hemorrhage, 29 Hiccough, 52 Hoarseness, 65
Infantile Diarrha, 73 Inflamed Eyes, 83 Jaundice, 106 Nervousness, 59
Night Sweats, 97 Pain in Cancer, 24 Painful Menstruation, 141 Piles,
98 Pin Worm, 76 Poisoning, 55 Polypus, 50 Pimples, 71 Quinsy, 82
Rheumatism, 24 Ring-worm, 86 Seasickness, 86 Sleeplessness, 59 Sore
Breasts, 142 Sore Nose, 36 Sore Throat, 36 Sprains, 86, 210 Styes, 84
Syphilis, 109 Tape Worm, 77 Toothache, 49 Warts, 85 Whooping Cough, 67

Rheumatism, to Cure, 25 Liniment for, 23 Successful Alterative for, 25

Ringworm, Valuable Remedies, 86

Roasted Onions as a Poultice, 138

RULES: Management of Accidents, 88 Poisoning, for, 55

R. R. R. Liniment, 26


S.

Salicylate of Soda for Tonsilitis, 74

Salt Bathing, Important in Disease, 115

Salt Rheum, Treatment of, 24

SALVE: Carbolic, 57 Excellent, to Make, 57 White Swelling, for, 74

SANTONINE: As a vermifuge, 76 Urinary Affections, Use in, 143

SCALD HEAD: Treatment for, 227, 228

SCARLET FEVER: Milk Used in, 39 Specifics for, 33 Treatment of, 40 How
Long Dangerous to Others, 40

Seasickness, Cure for, 86

Sea Sickness, English Remedy for, 86

Sick Room, Where to Locate, 17 How to Reduce Temperature, 22

Sick Headache, How to Avoid, 61

Sick-room Ventilation, 22

Singers and Public Speakers, Loss of Voice, 65

Sleep as a Medicine, 60

Slippery Elm Poultice, 128

SMALL-POX: Certain Cure for, 46 Prevented by Vaccination, 46

Smartweed Ointment, 194

Snuff, Catarrh, 88

SOLUTION: Quinine, of, 67

Sore Breasts, to Cure, 142

SORE THROAT: Grandmother's Cure for, 35 A new Gargle for, 35 A Tea
Gargle, 36 Some Simple Remedies, 36

SPECIFIC: Diphtheria, for, 33 Gleet, 113 Scarlet Fever, 33

Spinal Affections, Remedy for, 23

Sprains, Remedies for, 86

Sprains. A Valuable Remedy for, 145

Stye upon the Eye, to Remove, 84

Sulphur Treatment in Diphtheria, 32

Sulphurous Acid in Fevers, 40

Summer Complaint, Cures for, 104

Sun Stroke, How to Cure, 69

Sure Cure for Stings, 210, 145

Swellings, to Reduce, 23

Swellings, Liniment for Reducing, 23

SYRUP: Used in Consumption, 63 Cough, 65 Onion, 66

Syphilis, Cure for, 109


T.

Tape Worm, Cure for, Sure, 77

TEAS: Beef, Made Without Heat, 21

Tea and Coffee, Cause of Headache, 61

Teeth, How to Preserve, 229

Temperature of Sick-room, 22

Tetanus, Quickly Relieved, 51

The Pulse in Health, 91

The Tongue, What it Tells, 92

The Sick-room, Care of, 17

The Value of Lemons at all Times, 92

TINCTURE: Consumption, Used in, 63 Myrrh, for Stings, etc., 145

TOBACCO: Antidote for, 140 Sight and Memory Injured by Use of, 146

TO CURE: Headache, 61 Inward Wounds, 58 Itch, 58

TONIC: Pills for Ague, 54 Pill for Female Complaints, 99 Tincture for
Impotency, etc., 95

Tonsilitis, Salicylate of Soda for, 74

TOOTHACHE: To Prevent, 50

Tooth Ache Drops, Recipe for Dr. Close's, 50

TO PREVENT: Corns, 85

To Reduce Fat People, 166

TO REMOVE: Cinders from Eyes, 54

To Restore Appetite, 152

To Soften Hands, 59

To Stop Bleeding, 137

TREATMENT: Of Burns, 50 Carbuncle, 37 Catarrh, 87 Gleet, 113
Gonorrha, 110 Hemorrhage, 50 Prickly Heat, 103 Scarlet Fever, 40
Typhoid Fever, 41

TUMORS: Ointment for, 56

Typhoid Fever, How to Treat, 41


U.

Ulceration of Ear, 49

Urinary Diseases of Children, 143

URINE: Remedy for Trouble during Pregnancy, 149

USE OF: Milk and Lime Water, 79 Tobacco, 140

Uterine Hemorrhage, 29


V.

Vaccination, Its Relation to Small Pox, 46

VALUE OF: Onions as a Food, 138

VALUABLE: Diuretics, 119

VALUABLE REMEDY: For Bronchitis, 66 Inflamed Eyes, 84

Ventilation of Sick-room, 22

The Eclectic, 76


W.

Warmth of Sick-room, 18

Wash for Weak Eyes, 83

Wasp Stings, Quick and Certain Cure, 145

Weak Back, Plaster for, 58

What the Tongue Tells, 92

White's Dr., Remedy for Spinal Affection, 23

White Swelling, Salve for, 74

Whooping Cough, Remedies, 67

Witch Hazel, 29

Wizard Oil (Hamlin's), 26

Womb, Hemorrhage from the, 30 Receipt for High Pulse with Hemorrhage,
30

Women's Chances for Marriage, 90

Worms, Treatment of, 76


Y.

Yeast Poultice, How to Make, 128

YELLOW FEVER, 130 Symptoms of, 130 Treatment of, 130




COOKERY.


BREAD STUFFS, 177 Aunt Hannah's Graham Bread, 180 Bread Griddle Cakes,
179 Bread Sticks, 180 Cousin M's Graham Muffins, 180 Cracked Wheat,
177 Dina's Brown Bread, 180 Elvira's Muffins, 179 Fine Hominy Cakes,
177 Flannell Cakes, 179 German Toast, 177 K.'s Lunch Biscuits, 178
Light Tea Cakes, 180 Mollie's Bread, 177 Mrs. H's Bread, 177 Mrs.
Wood's Yeast, 178 Mrs. Wood's Bread, 178 Mrs. North's Parker House
Rolls, 178 Mrs. P.'s New Bedford Rolls, 178 Mrs. H.'s Baking Powder
Biscuit, 178 Mrs. G.'s Pop Overs, 179 Mrs. P.'s Pop Overs, 179 Mrs.
N.'s Raised Muffins, 179 Mrs. Harper's Breakfast Cake, 179 Mrs.
Waldron's Brown Bread, 180 Mrs. G.'s Graham Gems, 180 Mrs. Waldron's
Corn Bread, 180 Nelly's Sally Luns, 179 Nelly's Johnny Cake, 180 Oat
Meal Cakes, 177 Raised Biscuits, 177 Short Cake, 179 Tea Rusk, 180

CAKE, 180 Angels' Food, 180 Boiled Frosting, 181 Chocolate Cake, 181
Christmas Cake, 128 Coffee Cake, 182 Cold Water Cake, 184 Cousin M's
Ginger Cake, 184 Delia's Lemon Cake, 182 Dark and Light Layer Cake,
183 Dibby's Soft Cookies, 185 Excellent Corn Starch Cake, 183 English
Walnut Cake, 183 Fig Layer Cake, 183 Fig Paste for Layer Cake, 183
Favorite Fried Cakes, 182 Frosting Cake, 181 Ginger Cake, 184 Good
Plain Cake, 182 Lemon Jelly Cake, 181 Lemon Cake, 182 Minnie Orange
Cake, 181 Minnehaha Cake, 184 Mrs. W's Delicate Cake, 183 Mrs H's
Fried Cakes, 185 Mrs. P's Bread Cake, 184 Nelly's Ginger Snaps, 185
Nelly's Fried Cakes, 185 Newport Cake, 183 Orange Cake, 181 Puff Cake,
184 Sea Foam Cake, 181 Sponge Cake, 181 Steamed Fruit Cake, 182
Spanish Bun Cake, 184 St. Denis Cookies, 185 Wedding Pound Cake, 182
White Sponge Cake, 181

CANNED FRUIT, 192 Apple Jelly, 193 Canned Pears, 192 Cherries, 192
Currant Jelly, 193 Grapes, 193 Quinces, 192 Strawberries, 193

CANDY, 193 Chocolate Caramels, 194 Cream for French Candies, 194 Cream
Candy, 193 Kisses, 193 Molasses Candy, 193 Peanut Candy, 193 Pop Corn
Balls, 194 Pop Corn Sugared, 194

DESSERTS, CREAMS, ETC., 185 Apple Pudding, 188 Aunt Hannah's Steamed
Fruit Pudding, 191 Banana Pudding, 189 Bread Pudding, 191 Charlotte
Russe, 186 Chocolate Custard, 188 Coffee Ice Cream, 185 Cream for
Coffee, 185 Custard for Dessert, 188 Dibby's Dessert, 186 Dorchester
Cracker Pudding, 189 Excellent Fritters, 190 Frozen Fruit, 186 Hot
Cream Sauce, 190 Hot Sauce for Puddings, 189 Ice Cream, 186 Ice Cream
(another kind), 186 Lemon Sponge, 186 Lemon Jelly, 186 Lemon Ice, 187
Mollie's Peach Pudding, 188 Mrs. W's excellent coffee, 185 Nice
Pudding, 191 Omelette Souffle, 188 Orange Float, 187 Orange Float, 188
Orange Jelly, 186 Orange Pudding, 189 Peach Pudding, 188 Pine-Apple
Ice, 187 Plum Charlotte, 190 Queen's Pudding, 189 Rice for Dessert,
190 Rice Pudding, 190 Russett Apples, 190 Russian Cream, 187 Sauce for
Rice, 190 Snow Jelly, 187 Snow Pudding, 187 Snow Pudding, another, 188
Spanish Cream, 187 Sponge Pudding, 189 Washed Quinces, 190 Whipped
Creams, 187

FISH, 166 Baked Fish, 166 Pickling Fish, 166 To Boil Fish, 166

MEATS, 169 Beef Steak with Onions, 172 Boiled Beef Tongue, 171 Curing,
Smoking, Keeping, etc., 169 Hints for Cooking Boiled Meats, 170 Hints
for Roasting Meats, 170 " " Poultry, 170 How to Cure Hams, 169 How to
Smoke Hams, 169 How to Smoke Beef, 169 How to make Veal Loaf, 171 " "
Beef Loaf, 171 " " Potted Beef, 171 " " Beef a la Mode, 171 " " Ham
Cakes, 171 Lamb with Tomato Sauce, 170 Leg of Mutton, how to cook, 170
Roasted Beef, how to cook, 170 Stewed Veal, how to cook, 170 Veal
Oysters, how to cook, 170

OYSTERS, 167 Boiled Oysters, 167 Boiled Oysters, 169 Chicken Oyster
Pie, 168 Fried Oysters, 167 How to Fry Oysters, 167 Oyster Flitters,
168 Oyster Omelette, 168 Oyster Stew, 167 Recipe for Escalloped
Oyster, 168 Stewed Oysters, 167

POULTRY, 172 How to choose Poultry, 172 " Make Chicken Pie, 172 "
Roast a Turkey, 173 " Carve a Turkey, 173

PIES, 191 Apple Pie, 192 Bertha's Pie Crust, 191 Cranberry Pie, 191
Cream Pie, 191 Custard Pie, 191 Lemon Pie, 192 Pumpkin Pie, 192

SUGGESTIONS, 195 A Gentleman's Dinner Party, 196 Another Lunch, 197 An
Informal Tea, 197 A Tea Drinking, 198 A Less Pretentious Tea, 198 An
Every-Day Tea, 198 Breakfast, 195 Dinner, 195 Dinner for 12, 196 Lunch
for 10 Ladies, 197 Supper or Lunch, 195

SOUPS, 161 Barley Soup, 164 Bean Soup, 161 Beef Soup, 164 Celery Soup,
164 Chicken Cream Soup, 163 Chicken Currie (Indian Style), 163 Chicken
Soup, 163 Cold weather--On Heating Soup Plates, 161 Green Pea Soup,
166 Macaroni (Italian) Soup, 164 Milk Soup, 163 Mock Turtle Soup, 165
Potato Soup, 163 Remarks and General Directions, 161 Scotch Broth, 165
Split Pea Soup, 166 Tomato Soup (very nice), 162 " " with milk, 162

SALADS, 174 Cabbage Salad Dressing, 175 Chicken Salad, 174 Delia's
Salad Dressing, 174 Another Salad Dressing, 174 Ham Salad, 174 Lobster
Salad, 175 Potato Salad, 175 Shrimp Salad, 175 Sweet Cream Dressing
for Lettuce, 174 Tomato Salad, 175

VEGETABLES, 175 Baked Tomatoes, 176 Corn Imitation Oysters, 176 Corn
Pudding, 176 Cream Potatoes, 175 " " No. 2, 175 Fried Apples, 176
Potato Puff, 175 Rice Croquettes, 176 Saratoga Potatoes, 176 To Cook
Parsnips, 176




DAIRY.


THE DAIRY:
  BUTTER, 199
  A "New Departure" in Butter Making, 199
  Butter Coloring, 201
  Butter Making in winter, 203
  Butter to be Washed in Brine only, 204
  Care and kind of Milk Pails, 207
  How to Keep Butter in Hot Weather, 206
  How to Make Gilt-edged Butter, 200
  Making Butter Firm in Hot Weather, 205
  Prize Butter, 205
  Churning, 200
  On Working Butter, 205
  On the Management of a Creamery, 206
  On Milking Sheds, 207




MECHANICAL.


MECHANICAL: A Cheap and Good Polish 218
  A Cheap Paint suited for Fences, tenement-houses, etc., 219
  A Simple Polish, 218
  An Excellent Polish, 218
  Black Paint, How to Make for Iron Fences, 220
  Brass, To Clean, 208
  Calcimining. A good Receipt, 224
  Cement for Rubber Goods, 222
  Cement, similar to that upon Postage Stamps, 223
  Cement for Small Leaks in Steam Boilers, 223
  Cement for Iron Works, 222
  Cement for Leather, 222
  Cement for Rubber, 222
  Copper, To Clean, 208
  Covering Steam Pipes to Prevent Loss of Heat, 209
  Crystal Cement for Sewer Purposes, 221
  Ebony, or Black Stain upon Pine or other Woods, 217
  Fine Polish for Furniture, 217
  Fire-proof Wash for Shingle Roofs, 221
  Floor Stains, 220
  Furniture, Upholstered, Carpets, Furs, Flannels, etc., 218
  Furniture, Black Walnut Stains, 217
  Gilded, Washed, or Plated Jewellery, 214
    Another Receipt, 214
  Glass Globes, To Clean, 215
  Glass, To Break as you like, 216
  Glass, To Drill, 217
  Good Scrap Book Cement, 223
  Jewellery, Ornaments, Gold Chains, etc., To Clean, 214
  Liquid Glue, 221
  Nickel Plating, 210
  Oil-painted Surfaces, To Clean, 219
  On Brightening Silverware, Knives, Forks, etc., 214
  On Cleaning Jewellery, etc., 213
  On Cleaning Steel or Iron Buckles, 213
  On Polishing Steel Apparatus and Instruments, 213
  Paints for Floors, 220
  Paints, Flexible for Canvas, 221
  Paint, Oil to Remove, 221
  Polish for Pianos, 218
  Polish to Brighten Old Furniture, Pianos, etc., 218
  Protection of Steam Pipes, 209
  Receipt for Silvering Powder, 215
  Sewing Machine Oil, How to Make, 224
  Sewing Machine Oil, How to Use, 224
  Soldering German Silver, 215
  Soldering Cast Iron, 215
  Stained Brass, Silver, etc., To Clean, 208
  Stain Black Walnut for a Pine Floor, Light Shade, 220
  Steel, To Temper very Hard, 212
  Steam-tight and Water-tight Cement for Joints, 223
  Steam Boilers, To Prevent Incrustation from becoming Hard, 223
  Tin, To Clean, 208
  To Clean the Dirtiest Brass Quickly, 208
    Another Method, 208
  To Prevent Rusting, Steel and Iron Machinery, 212
  To Prevent Rust of Iron or Steel Varnish, 212
  To Remove Rust upon Steel, 213
    Another Method, 213
  To Remove Rust upon Steel Dinner Knives, 213
  To Retain Original Lustre, Silverware, 214
  To Wash Silverware, 214
  To Fasten Rubber to Metal, Glass, and other Smooth Surfaces, 222
  To Drive Nails into Hard-seasoned Timber, 224
  Tracing Paper, To Make, 216
  Trade Secret for Ridding of Moths, 218
  White Paint, To Clean, 216
  "Zincing Iron" Without a Battery, 209
  Zinc, To Clean, 215




MISCELLANEOUS.


MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS:

Apple Cores to Make, Size to Cut the Tin, etc., 237
Allen's Excelsior Axle Grease 271
Ants, Roaches, Little Spiders, etc., To Destroy, 248
  Another Method, 249
Ants, To Drive from Lawns or other Grounds, 249
Another Simple Remedy for Above, 256
Another Very Simple Remedy, not Poisoning, 257

Boots and Shoes, Cement for Patching Without Sewing, 269
Boots, To Make Water-Proof, 269
Boots and Shoes, Jet Polish for, 271
Boots, Hard, to Soften, 271
Boot, Shoe and Harness Edge Blacking, Cheap, 272
Beans Should Always be Cooked in Soft Water, 237
Black Silk, Alpaca, Serge and Lawn Dresses, to do Over, 227
Black Ink for School, 234
Borax is the Best Roach Exterminator yet Discovered, 228
Borax is a Tooth Powder, or for Washing the Teeth, 229
Bleaching Flannels, 232
Bark Lice on the Trees, 244
Borers in Pears and Apple Trees, Remedy for, 244
Bushel Boxes, How to Make, 242
Bark Lice on Trees, Shrubs, etc., Positive Remedy, 245
Bed Bugs, To Destroy, 250
Bed Bug Poison, 251
Bed Bugs, To Get Rid of, 251
Bed Bugs, to Clear from Old Cracked Walls, 251
Bugs on Squash, to Destroy with Saltpetre, 258
Bugs on Cucumber Vines, Same Remedy, 258
Bugs on Melon Vines, etc., Simple Remedy, 258

Clothes Cleaning, General Directions, 231
Color of Plants and Flowers, To Retain in Drying for Herbariums, 235
  Another Way, 236
Carrots, their value as Food for Man and Domestic Animals, 236
Cracked Hands, To Cure, 236
Cabbage, To Destroy the Cut-worm of, and to Prevent Club Feet, 238
Certain Remedy for Moths in Upholstered Furniture, 239
Chimneys, How to Build to Avoid Burning out, 239
Chimneys, Sky-lights, etc., To Stop Leaks, 239
Chimneys, To Build to Avoid Smoking, 239
Crickets, To Drive Away or Destroy, 238
Codling Moth Effectually Disposed of, 244
Corn Cut, Rat Proof, 241
Cucumbers, Melons, etc., to prevent Bugs from Destroying the Plants, 262
Cess Pools Disinfected Instantly, 267
Cabbage Plants, Best Manner of Setting Out, 248
Caterpillars on Fruit Trees, To Destroy, 251
Currant Worms, To Avoid, 245
Currant Worms, To Destroy, 246
Currant Worms, To Fertilize the Soil, 246
Coal Ashes as a fertilizer for the Soil, 246
Currants, Setting Out for Trees or Bushes, 247
Cabbage Worm, Successful Remedy, 248
Cabbage Worm, The Best Remedy, 248
Cistern, How to Build, 252
Cisterns, How to Build Square or Round, 252
Cisterns, The Difference in Capacity with the Same Number of Bricks, 253
Cloth, Fire-proof, 254
Clothes, To Water-proof, 255
Canning Fruit, 256
Cement or Paste, New and Strong, 260

Dio Lewis, "Breakfast for Two Cents.", 242
Drying Fruit at the Manufactories, and Home Drying, 255

Feather Beds, Old, To Renovate Without Steam, 240
Feather Bed Tick, To Remove the Stains, 240
Frosted Silverware, How to Clean, 238
Flannels, To Wash and Dry, without Shrinking, 226
Fruit Stains, To Remove from Clothing, etc., 232
Flat Irons, To Clean from Rust or Stain, 235
Finger Marks upon Doors, To remove, 234
Fly Poison, 266
Fly Stickumfast, Not Poisonous, 266
Farmer Boys' Water-Proofing for Boots, 270
Forcing Plants, 245
Fungus, In Cellars, to Destroy 259

Gooseberries, Setting Out for Bushes, 247
Grafting Currants, To Avoid the Borer and Mildew, 247
Gooseberries, To Prevent the Mildew, 247
Green Lice on Plants, to Destroy, 258
Glossy Linen: How it is Done, 235
Glue, Water Proof, 260
Glue, Very Strong for Veneering, 260
Glue, To Resist the Action of Water, 260

How to Wash Ribbons, 226
Hogs, Fall, Care of, for Early Slaughter, 243
Hawks and Owls, Best way to Catch, 265
Home-Made Filter, Cheap and Very Satisfactory, 269

Ice-houses, To Build Good, but Cheap, 253
Interest, Five Valuable Interest Tables, With Information, 292, 296
Ink Spots, To remove from Clothing, 232
Ink, Printers, To Remove from Clothing, 233
Interest, Simple and Easy Rules to Compute, 267
Indelible Ink, How Made, 268
Indelible Ink, Quick and Cheap Method of Making, 268

Jettine, Or Liquid Shoe Blacking, 270

Kid Gloves, To Clean, 233

Liquid Glue, 260
Liquid Glues, 260
Legitimate Business, Avoiding Failure, 266
Lice on Plants, Prof. Cook's Remedy, 245
Lice on Plants, Successful Destroyer, 257

Mucilage, Simple and Good, 259
Mucilage for Fancy Work, 257
Moist Glue, 260
Moths in Carpets, To Destroy Without Taking Up, 239
Medicated, or Sulphur and Tar Soaps, To Make, 230

New Mode of Washing, 225

Oil on the Water has Enabled Vessels to Outride Storms at Sea, 268
Oil Dressing and Blacking for All Kinds of Leather, Carriage Tops, etc., 271
Oil-cloth, To Keep Bright, 235

Paint, Pitch, Oil and Grease, To Remove from Silk, Linen, etc., 232
Pearline, Soap, etc., To Make, 230
Pickled Carrots for Table Use, 237
Plant Jars, To Paint and Bronze for House Use, 236
Polish for Silverware, 238
Papering, Making the Paste, etc., 264
Paste, Mucilage for Labels, etc., 259

Renovating Soaps, 230
Rubber Water-Proofing for Boots, 270
Rubber Boots, To Mend, 272
Receipts for Baking Powder, 274
Roaches, Ditto, 249
Roaches, Ants, Spiders, Chintz Bugs, etc., to Destroy, 249
Roaches Utterly Destroyed, 250
Rats, To Destroy or Drive Away, 256
Rats, To Get Rid of Without Poison, 256
Rats and Mice, Simple Exterminator, 256
Remedy for Codling Moth, 243

Silverware to Brighten with Little Labor, 237
Stains from Nitrate of Silver, To Remove, 238
Shingles, To Make Fire-proof, and more Durable, 254
Scab Bugs on Trees, Plants, etc., Certain Remedy, 245
Simple Receipt for Liquid Glue, 261
Stammering, To Cure, 263
Scare-crows, How to Make, 264
Storing Celery, For Spring Use, 265
Soft Soap for Washing and House Cleaning, 229
Silk, Cashmere and Black Alpaca Dresses, to Clean, 226
Silks, To Remove Spots, etc., 232
Soap for Machine-shop Men, Blacksmiths, Engineers, Printers, Scouring, etc., 230

Tar Spots, To Remove, 233
Tomatoes, To Ripen in December, 236
To Whiten Scorched Linen in Ironing, 235
Turnips, Beets, etc., To Keep Nicely in Cellar for Winter Use, 263
Toothache Drops, Japanese Magical, 264
Tanning Skins, with the Hair or Wool on, 272
To Make Mats from Sheep-skins, 273

Washing Fluid, Requiring but Little Boiling or Rubbing, 226
Washing Fluid, Labour Saving and not Injurious, 225
Washing Muslins, Cambrics and Calicoes, 226
Washing Black and White Calicoes, 226
Washing Pink or Green Calicoes, 226
Washing Purple or Blue Calicoes, 226
Washing or Cleaning Woolen Blankets, 228
Weeds, To Destroy, in Gravel Walks, 252
Wire Worms, Protection Against for Corn, 261
Wire Worms, An English Receipt, 261




DRINKS.


DRINKS, 275

Bottling Cider, To keep for years, 275
Boiled Cider, How To Do It and Its Uses, 275
Blackberry Wine, To Make Properly, 275
Beers, Ginger, English, 276

Cream Beer or Soda, Any Flavor, 277

For Sarsaparilla, Vanilla, etc., 278

Ginger Pop, 277

Lemon Syrup, To Prepare, when Lemons are Cheap, 277
Lemons, And Other Syrups, 278
Lemonade, Portable, Convenient and Excellent, 278

Summer Drinks, Pleasant for Sick or Weak Persons, 277
Summer Drink, For Field or Workshop, 278

Unfermented Wines, To Make, 276

Wine, Wild Grapes, To Make Wine, 275




CANARIES.


CARE OF CANARIES, 280

Cages, Useful Hints and Suggestions, 280
General Treatment, An Important Chapter, 282
Moulting, How to Treat During, 284
Asthma, 284
Baldness, 285
Consumption or Decline, 284
Disorders in Birds, 284
Epilepsy, 284
Giddiness, 284
Huskiness, 285
Selecting and Breeding, Valuable Information, 281
Ulcers, 284




TOILET.


THE TOILET, 286

An Old Lady's Only Cosmetic, 289
Barber's Luster, Bowers, 286
Bob Heater's Shampoo, Very Strong, 287
Bay Rum, Barbers', 290
Crimps in Damp Weather, To Keep in Place, 288
Cosmetics for the Face, 289
Depilatory, To Remove Superfluous Hair Boudets, 290
Depilatory, Our Own Druggist's, 290
Hair Dye, Black, Eley's Best, 286
Hair Dye, Brown or a Lighter Shade, 286
Hair Oil, Very Fine, 287
Hair Dressing With Bay Rum, 287
Hair Restorative, 287
Hair Wash or Restorative, Italian, 288
Hair Curling Liquid, 288
Lustral Oil, Hair Tonic, or Sea Foam, Eley's, 286
Oatmeal Soap, To Keep the Hands Soft in Winter, 291
Pomade, For the Hands, Lips, Chapped Hands, etc., 289
Pomade, Very Fine, 289
Shampoo or Wash, To Clean The Hair and Scalp, 287
Wash For Ladies' Hands, 290




HORSES.


HORSES, 299

Amount of Food Necessary for a Horse at Work, 323
Amount of Food for Old Horses, 324
Apples, Valuable for Horses, 324
Bitting the Colt and Training to Harness, 300
Brood Mares, Proper Care of, Before and at the Time of Foaling, 302-3
Bots in Horses--A New Remedy Worth its Weight in Gold, 307
Best Rations for Winter Feeding on the Farm, 321-3
Bran, its Value for Reducing Inflammation and as a Laxative, 325
Colts of Ordinary Training--To Cure of Halter-Pulling, 302
Cribbing of Horses--What it is, and How to Cure it, 305-7
Colic in Horses--Its Cause and What is Needed to Cure it, 308-10
Corns, or Shoe Boil of Horses' Feet, Explanation of and Remedy, 310
Condition Powders--Tonic and Purifying to the Blood, 310
Condition Powders, Relaxing, for Use in Scratches, Grease Heel, etc, 310
Condition Powder for a Stallion, 311
Distemper in Colts--Treatment, 311
Epizootic, the most Successful Treatment, 312
Galled Shoulders and Saddle Galls, To Prevent and Cure, 312
How Long a Horse ought to Work, 299
Heaves, or "Wind-broken"--Necessary Caution in Feeding and Cure for Many, 312
Heaves, a Claimed Cure, 320
Halter-Pulling, Sensible Remedy, 325
Kicking and Runaway Horses--How to Cure of the Habit, 304
Liniments, Oils, Salves, etc., for Horses, 313
Lice upon Colts, Cattle, and other Animals--Easy and Safe Remedy, 325
Mange in Horses, Remedy, 314
Oil for Sweeny, 318
Profit of Raising Colts, 301
Pole-evil, Fistula, etc., Successful Remedies, 314
Pawing in the Stable, to Cure Horses of the Habit, 315
Parsnips, Valuable as Food for Horses, 324
Raising and Breaking Colts, 299
Ringbone, Spasms, etc., Certain Remedies, 315
Ringbone and Spavin Cure, 316
Ringbones and Spavins, Ointment for, 316
Spavin, to Cure the Lameness, 315
Spavins, Blood or Bag (Wind Galls), Thorough-pins, Splints, etc., Permanent Cure for, 316
Splints, Ointment for, 317
Sweeny--Liniments, Oils and other Cures for, 317
Sweeny, Cure, 317
Sweeny, Simple and Certain Cure for, 317
Strains, Swelled Legs, etc., Lotion and Liniment for, 318
Scratches, Grease Heel, etc., To Avoid and to Cure, 318
Scratches, Canadian Remedy, 319
Scratches, Simple Remedy for, 319
Surfeit in Horses, Cause and Cure, 319
Tansy Tea for Bots, 308
Turnips, Valuable as an Occasional Food for Horses, 324
Weaning and Wintering Colts, 300
Warts on Horses or other Stock, To Cure, 320
Warts, Effectual Cure for, on Horses or Persons, 320
Worms, Successful Remedies, 320
Winter Feeding, 332




CATTLE.


CATTLE, 326

Cows, accidentally over-eating Meal, what to do, 331
Choked Cattle, Sure Remedy, 329
Diarrha of Cattle, Remedy, 330
Feeding Stock Horses, 321
Feeding Calves in Winter, 332
Feeding Turnips without flavoring the Milk, 333
Hoven or Bloat in Stock, 329
Milk-Fever, To Avoid, 326
Milk, to Increase in Dairy Cows, 326
Meal, the Value of, for Dairy Cows, 327
Nutritious Value of 22 Different Kinds of Food for Farm Stock, 333
Ointment for Swelled Bags or Udders of Cows, 328
Scours and Diarrha in Cattle, Colts, etc., to Cure, 329
Scours in Cattle, Remedy, 330
Salt--Its importance for Milch Cows and other Stock, 330
Salt as a Vermifuge, 331
Soiling Cows, 333-4
The Best Food for increasing the Flow of Milk, 327
To "Dry Off" Cows and other Animals, 328
The Comparative Value of Roots for Winter Feeding as generally understood, 332-3
Winter Feeding of Cows, Horses and other Stock, 332


SHEEP

Average Weight, 338
Buck, Selection of, Suitable for the Flock, 337
Breeding Ewes, Care of for Profit, 342
Care, What it will do, 335
Drawbacks in Business, 336
Danger of a Grade Buck upon a Blooded Ewe, 337
Foot Rot in Sheep, Successful Remedy, 342
Increase of Wool per head, by using Blooded Rams, 336
Land too Valuable to keep Inferior Sheep, 338
Peas and Oatmeal, for Fattening Sheep, 342
Prevention of Foot Rot in Sheep, 343
Rule in regard to above, 338
Shearing, Average weight of Fleece, 336
Sheep, Value of on a Poor Farm, 339
Sheep, Better than Neat Cattle, 340
Sheep, More made on them than upon Horses, 340
Sheep, a few Short Rules for the Care of, 341
Sheep, Their Value for Fertilizing and Improving worn-out Soil, 341
Twenty-eight years in Sheep Husbandry, 335
Time for Washing and Shearing and putting Ewes and lambs by Themselves, 337
Time to sort out Breeding Ewes, 338
Time to Divide in the Fall, 338
Time for Lambs to appear, 339
Time for Trimming, Care of Fleece, etc., 339
When and How He Began, 336




HOGS.


HOGS, 344

Apples good for Hogs, 346
Another Remedy for above, 346
Best Kind of Pigs for Profitable Raising, 347
Corn and Pork, How to get the most from, by the way of Feeding, 347
  when Cooked, 344
Fattening Hogs, Roots Valuable for, 345
"Fluke" in Sheep, Remedy, 347
Hogs, Preparing Food for, Peas Claimed Better than Corn, 344
Hog Feeding, Experience of an Iowa Breeder and Packer, 344
Hogs Running in the Orchard destroy the Codling Moth, 346
Hogs, Corn Claimed to be the Best Food for, and Best when cooked, 344
Hog Cholera, Its Cause and best known Remedy, 348
Kidney-worm in Hogs, 347
Lice on Hogs, Easy Remedy, 347
Raising Hogs, Which the most Profitable, 347
Store Pigs, Value of Roots for, 345
Store Pigs and Breeding Sows, Corn and Oats Ground together, far Better than either alone, 346
Sows eating their Pigs, to Prevent and Cure the Habit, 346
Scurvy Pigs, Simple Remedy, 347




INDEX--GENERAL.


A.

Accidents, Short Rules for Management, 134
Ague, Certain Cure for, 53
Ague Pills, Receipt for, 54
Ague Pills for Obstinate Cases, 54
Air, Fresh, in sick rooms, 17
Alpaca Dresses, To Clean, 226
Alpaca Dresses, To do Over, 227
Angel's Food. A Good Receipt for, 180
Ants, To Destroy, 248
Ants, To Drive from Lawns, 249
Ants, Receipt of Journal of Chemistry, 249
Apoplexy, How to Cure, 69
Appetite, to Increase or Restore, 138
Apples, Receipt for Fried, 176
Apple Pudding, Simple Receipt for, 188
Apple Jelly, A Good Receipt for, 193
Apple Corer, How to Make, 237
Apples, Valuable for Horses, 324
Artificial Skin, Receipt for Abrasions, Burns, etc., 75
Asthma, Quick Relief for, 105
Axle Grease, Allens' Excelsior, 271

B.

Baking Powder, Receipt for, 274
Banana Pudding, Mrs. B's Receipt, 189
Barber's Itch, Salve or Ointment for, 59
Barbers' Lustre, Bowers, 286
Bark Lice, Remedy, 244
Barley Soup, Direction for Making, 164
Barley Water, Receipt, 21
Bay Rum for Hair Dressing, 287
Bay Rum, Barbers, 290
Bean Soup, A Good Old Receipt for, 161
Beans should always be Cooked in Soft Water, 237
Bed Bugs, To Destroy, 250
Bed Bug Poison, 251
Bed Bugs, To Get Rid of, 251
Bed Bugs, To Clear from Old Cracked Walls, 251
Bed, Preparation for Confinement, 152
Bed-Wetting of Children, Certain Remedies, 143
Bee Sting, Sure Cure for, 145
Beef Tea, Good Receipt, 20
Beef Tea, How to Improve Flavour, 20
Beef Tea made without heat, 21
Beef Loaf, Receipt for Making, 171
Beef Potted, How to Make, 171
Beef Soup, Simple Plan for Making, 164
Beef Tongue, Boiled, 171
Beefsteak with Onions, Receipt for, 172
Beefsteak, How to Broil, 172
Beer, Cream, Any Flavor, 277
Beers, Ginger, English, 276
Beets, To Keep Nicely in Cellars for Winter Use, 263
Binder, Its Use in Sick Room, 152
Biscuit, Some Good Hints on Making, 177
Biscuits, Mrs. H's Baking Powder, 178
Biscuits, Receipt for Lunch, 178
Blackberry Wine, To Make Proper, 275
Black Paint, How to Make, 220
Black Silk Dresses, To do Over, 237
Blacking for Shoes, Does not Soil Ladies' White Dresses, 270
Blankets, Woolen, To Wash or Clean, 228
Bleaching Flannels, How, 232
Bleeding from Slight Cuts, Simple Remedy, 31
Bleeding, A Styptic which will Stop Bleeding of the Largest Vessels, 137
Bloat in Stock, Prevent and Cure, 329
Blood, Purifying the, Use of Onions, 72
Boils, Alterative Syrup for, 134
Boils, Remedy Against their Continuance, 37
Boils, Roasted Onion Poultice for, 138
Boot Blacking, Cheap, 272
Boots and Shoes, Cement for Patching, 269
Boots, To Make Water-proof, 269
Boots, Receipt for Jet Polish, 271
Boots, How to Soften, 271
Borax, Its Value in Catarrh, Throat Difficulties, etc., 96
Borax, The Best Roach Exterminater yet Discovered, 228
Borax as a Tooth Powder, 229
Borers in Peach and Apple Trees, Remedy, 244
Bots in Horses, a Remedy Worth its Weight in gold, 307
Bots in Horses, Tansy Tea for, 308
Bowels, Their Action During Confinement, 148
Bran, Valuable to Reduce Inflammation in Horses, 320
Bran, Valuable as Laxative for Horses, 325
Brass, How to Clean, 208
Brass, Receipt as Used at U.S. Arsenal, 208
Brass, A Mixture for Cleaning, 208
Brass, To Clean the Dirtiest Quickly, 208
  Another Receipt, 208
Brass, To Clean Stained, 208
Bread Cake, Mrs. P's Receipt for, 184
Bread Pudding, A Simple Receipt, 191
Bread-sticks, How to Make, 180
Bread, Mrs. H's. Receipt, 177
Bread, Mrs. Wood's Receipt for Making, 178
Bread, Mollie's Receipt, 177
"Breakfast for Two Cents", 242
Breakfast Cake, Mrs. Harper's, 179
Breakfast, How to Prepare, 195
Breaking Colts, What a Practical Farmer says on, 298
Breasts, Sore, To Avoid and Cure, 142
Breasts, Sore, To Prevent Breaking, etc., 142
Bright's Disease of Kidneys, A Novel Cure, 82
Bright's Disease of Kidneys, 16 out of 19 Cases in London Hospital Cured, 82
Bronchitis, Valuable Remedy for, 66
Bronze, How to Paint Jars, 236
Brood Mares, Proper Care of, 302
Broth, Receipt for Scotch, 176
Brown Bread, Mrs. Waldron's, 180
Brown Bread, Dina's, 180
Buckles, Steel or Iron, To Clean, 213
Bugs, Positive Remedy for Scale, 245
Bugs on Squash, To Destroy with Saltpetre, 258
Bugs on Cucumber Vines, Same Method, 258
Bugs on Melon Vines, etc., Simple Remedy, 258
Bunions, How to Remove, 84
Burns and Scalds, Instantaneous Relief for, 50
Bushel Boxes, How to Make, 242
Business, How to Succeed, 266
Butter Making, Illustrating a New Discovery in Setting Milk, 199
Butter, Gilt-edged, How Made, 200
Butter, To Make Good in winter, 203
Butter, The Ohio Dairyman's Association on Gathering and Washing, 205
Butter, On the Working of, 205
Butter, How to Make Firm in Hot Weather, 205
Butter, Rinkle to Make Prize, 206
Butter, Receipt for Keeping During Hot Weather, 206

C.

Cabbage Worms, Successful Remedy, 248
Cabbage Worms, A New York Experiment, 248
Cabbage Plants, Best Manner of Setting Out, 248
Cabbage Salad Dressing, 175
Cabbage, To Prevent Bugs from Destroying the Plant, 262
Cabbage, To Destroy the Cut-Worm of, 238
Cages for Canaries, Useful Hints, 280
Cake, Mrs. B's Newport, 183
Cake, Mrs. P's Minnehaha, 183
Calcimining, A Scientific American Receipt, 224
Calicoes, To Wash, 226
Calicoes, To Wash Black or White, 226
Calicoes, To Wash Pink or Green, 226
Calicoes, To Wash Purple or Blue, 226
Calves, On Feeding in Winter, 332
Cambrics, To Wash, 226
Camphor, Its Use for Mumps, 128
Canaries, Chapter on their Care, 280
Canaries, On Selection and Breeding, 281
Canaries, General Treatment, 282
Canaries, To Treat During Moulting, 284
Canaries, Various Disorders, 284-5
Cancer, A New Remedy, 23
Cancer, Relief of Pain in, 24
Canning Fruit, Table, Showing Time to Boil, 256
Canning Fruit, Table, Giving Amount of Sugar to Each Quart Jar, 256
Canvas, A Flexible Paint for, 221
Caramels, Chocolate, How to Make, 194
Carbuncle, Treatment which Saves Pain and Soreness, 37
Carpets, To Rid of Moths, 218
Carriage Tops, Oil Dressing for, 271
Carrots, Their Value as Food for Man and Domestic Animals, 236
Carrots, How to Pickle for Table Use, 237
Cashmere Dresses, To Clean, 226
Cast Iron, How to Solder, 215
Castor-Oil, Its Nauseous Taste Overcome, 62
Catarrh Snuff, Receipt, 88
Catarrh, The Value of Borax in, 96
Catarrh, Nasal, Common-Sense Treatment for, 87
Caterpillars on Fruit Trees, To Destroy, 251
Celery, How to Store for Spring Use, 265
Celery Soup, Something Rich and Creamy, 164
Cement, Crystal, for General Purposes, 221
Cement for Iron Works, 222
Cement for Leather, 222
Cement for Rubber, 222
Cement, Similar to that on Postage Stamps, 223
Cement for Small Leaks in Steam Boilers, 223
Cement for Joints, 223
Cement that Sticks to Leather, Wood, Stone, etc., 260
Cess Pools, To Disinfect, 267
Chapped Hands, An Excellent Pomade, 289
Chapped Hands, Lips, etc., Receipt for, 59
Charlotte Russe, Receipt for, 186
Chase's, Dr., Tooth Ache Drops, 50
Chase's, Dr., Golden Oil Liniment, 26
Chase's, Mrs., Liniment for Ladies, 26
Cherries, How to Can, 192
Chicken Soup, A Really Delicious, 163
Chicken Cream Soup, How Made, 163
Chicken Curried, How Made in India, 163
Chicken Salad, Receipt of Mrs. H's, 174
Chicken Water, Receipt, 21
Chicken-Pox, Treatment and Remedy, 129
Chilblains, Valuable Remedy for, 75
Children, Diseases of, 103
Chills and Fever, Certain Cure for, 53
Chimneys that Won't Burn Out, 239
Chimneys that Won't Smoke, 239
Chimneys, How to Stop Leaks in, 239
Chocolate Cake, Receipt for, 181
Chocolate Custard, Receipt for, 188
Choked Cattle, Sure Remedy, 329
Cholera, Infallible Cure for, 68
Cholera Infantum, Remedy for, 132
Cholera Morbus, Cause, Symptoms, Treatment, 131
Christmas Cake, Good Receipt for, 182
Chromic Acid, Valuable in Cancer, 24
Chronic Diarrha, A Well Tried Remedy, 68
Churning Butter, "Setting on Time.", 200
Cider, Bottling, to Keep for Years, 275
Cider, Boiled, How to do it, 275
Cistern, How to Build, 252
Cistern, How to Build Square or Round, 253
Cistern, The Difference in Capacity with same Number Bricks, 253
Cleanliness of Sick Room, 18
Cloth, Fire Proof, 204
Clothes, To Water Proof, 255
Clothes Cleaning, Some General Directions, 231
Club-feet of Cabbage, How to Prevent, 238
Coal Ashes, A Fertilizer for the Soil, 246
Coal Ashes, Valuable for Cherry and other Fruit Trees, 246
Codling Moth, Destroyed by Hogs Running in Orchard, 346
Codling Moth, Remedy for, 243
Codling Moth, Effectually Disposed of, 244
Coffee Cake, Receipt for, 182
Coffee, How to Clear, 208
Coffee Ice Cream, Delicious, 185
Coffee, Its Value in Typhoid Fever, 43
Coffee, Receipt for Mrs. W's., Excellent, 185
Cold, Simple Remedy, 66
Colds of Young Children, Value of Onion Syrup, 66
Colds, Health Rules for Winter, 136
Cold Feet, Advantage of Washing and Rubbing, 117
Cold Water Cake, Receipt for, 184
Colic, German Remedy for, 28
Colic, to Cure by Quinine, 28
Colic in Horses, Cause and Cure, 308
Color of Plants and Flowers, To Retain in Drying, 235
Coloring Butter, Result of Ten Years' Experience, 201
Coloring Butter, Method of "Farmer's Wife", 202
Colts, Practical Hints on Raising and Breaking, 298
Colt, on Bitting the, 300
Colts, Training to Harness, 300
Colts, on Weaning and Wintering, 300
Colts, Profit of Raising, 301
Colts, to Cure of Halter-Pulling, 302
Condition Powders, Valuable Receipts, 312
Condition Powders, Valuable for Scratches, Grease Heel, etc., 310
Constipation, Valuable Pills for, 28
Constipated Women and Children, Liquid Physic for, 72
Consumption, Receipt for Troublesome Cough in, 63
Consumption, Pulmonary, Absolute Preventative of, 63
Consumption, Effect, Climate Changes, 64
Consumption, Sallic Acid in, 65
Contracted Colds, Remedy for, 24
Convulsions, during Labor of Confinement, 156
Cookies Receipt for Debby's Soft, 184
Cookies Receipt for St. Denis, 185
Corn and Pork, How to get most from, by the Way of Feeding, 347
Corn Bread, Mrs. Waldron's, 180
Corn Crib, To make Rat Proof, 241
Corn for Hogs, Better when Cooked, 344
Corn Imitation Oyster, Very Nice, 176
Corn Starch Cake, Excellent, 183
Corns of Horses' Feet, a Remedy, 310
Corns, Simple Remedy for, 85
Corns, Hard and Soft, How to Remove, 84
Cosmetic, An Old Lady's Only, 289
Cosmetics for the Face, 289
Costiveness, Some New Remedies, 28
Cough Syrup, Very Good, 65
Coughs, Dry or Hacking, Remedy, 66
Cows, How to Feed Turnips Without Flavoring the Milk, 333
Cows, Importance of Roots for Home Feeding, 332
Cows, Remedy for Accidental Over-Eating, 331
Cows, To "Dry off", 328
Cows' Udders, Ointment For, 328
Cracked Hands, To Cure, 236
Cracker Pudding, Receipt for Dorchester, 189
Cramps during Labor, 153
Cranberry Pie, A Good Receipt, 191
Cream Candy, Receipt from Miss C. W., 193
Cream for French Candies, Without Cooking, 194
Cream for Coffee, How to Make, 185
Cream Pie, Very Nice, 191
Creamery, Its Advantages to Butter Making, 206
Cribbing of Horses, How Cured, 305
Crickets, To Drive Away or Destroy, 238
Crimps in Damp Weather, To Keep in Place, 288
Croup, Extreme Remedy, 61
Croup, Emetic for, 61
Croup, Instantaneous Relief, 61
Croup, Remedies for, 145
Crystal Cement, 221
Cucumbers, To Prevent Bugs from Destroying the Plant, 262
Cure-All Liniment, Receipt, 27
Curing Meats, How, 166
Curling, Hair-Liquid, 288
Currant Jelly, How to Make, 193
Currant Worms, To Avoid, 245
Currant Worms, to Destroy, 246
Currants, Setting Out for Trees or Bushes, 247
Currants, The Rural New York on Grafting, 247
Currying Turkey, How, 173
Custard for Dessert, How to Make, 188
Custard Pie, Mrs. S's Receipt for, 191
Cuts, Hot Water Poultice for, 87

D.

Debby's Dessert, 186
Delicate Cake, Mrs. W's Receipt for, 183
Delicacies for the Sick, 19
Depilatory, Our Own Druggist, 290
Depilatory, To Remove Superfluous Hair, 290
Diabetes, Valuable Diet for, and Diet to be avoided, 93
Diarrha Compound, Receipt, 73
Diarrha of Cattle, Another Remedy, 330
Diarrha in Colts, Cattle, etc., to Cure, 329
Dinner, How to Prepare, 195
Dinner Party for Gentlemen, 196
Dinner for Twelve, Mrs. H's Way, 196
Dio Lewis' "Breakfast for Two Cents", 242
Diphtheria, Successful Remedies, 31
Diphtheria, Ice a Successful Remedy for, 32
Diphtheria, Sulphur Treatment, 32
Diphtheria, Specific for, 33
Diphtheria, Homeopathic Remedy, 34
Diphtheria, Latest Allopathic Treatment for, 35
Disinfectants, A Chapter on, 44
Distemper in Colts, Treatment, 311
Diuretics, Valuable, 119
Drilling Glass, Scientific American on, 217
Drink, What to give Sick, 19
Dry Rubbings, Important in all Chronic Diseases, 115
Drying Fruit at the Manufactories, 255
Drying Fruit, Home Methods, 255
Dysentery, Successful Remedy for, 73
Dysentery of Children, Cordial for, 103
Dyspepsia, Value of Milk and Lime Water, 79
Dyspepsia, Use of Hot Water, 81
Dyspeptics, Bad Cases put upon the Right Track, 78
Dyspeptics, Excellent Food for, 79

E.

Earache, Cure for, 49
Ear, Ulcerations in, Very Certain Remedy, 49
Ebony, Stain for Pine or other Soft Woods, 217
Egg-Nog for the Sick, 21
Egg, Raw, and Milk for Convalescent, 22
Eley's Hair Dye, Black, Valuable, 286
Eley's Hair Tonic, 286
Emetic, The Best in Use, 95
Epilepsy, Remedies which have been Successful, 114
Epizootic in Horses, Most Successful Treatment, 312
Erysipelas, New and Successful Remedy, 93
Ewes, Breeding, Care of for Profit, 342
Eye Waters, Receipt, 83
Eyes, Weak, Wash for, 83
Eyes, Acute Inflammation of, Valuable Remedy, 84

F.

Fainting During Labor of Confinement, 156
Falling into Deep Water, Hints for those who cannot Swim, 135
Farm Stock, Nutritious Value of 22 Different Kinds of Food, 333
Feather Bed Tick, To Remove the Stains, 240
Feather Beds, To Renovate without Steam, 240
Felon, Warranted Cure for, 69
Female Complaints, Tonic Pill and Infusion for, 99
Fever, Yellow, Symptoms, Treatment, Remedy, 130
Fig Layer Cake, Miss T's Receipt, 183
Fig Paste for Layer Cake, 183
Filter, Home Made, Cheap, 269
Finger Marks upon Doors, To Remove, 234
Fire-proof Wash for Shingle Roofs, 221
Fistula in Horses, Successful Remedy, 314
Flannels, To Wash and Dry without Shrinking, 226
Flat Irons, To Clean from Rust or Starch, 235
Fleeces, Sheep, Their Care, 339
Flesh Wounds and Flesh Cuts, To Prevent Bleeding, 52
Floor Stains, Two Receipts, 220
Flowers, To Retain Color in Drying, 235
Fluid, Receipt for Washing, 225
Fluke in Sheep, Remedy, 317
Fly Poison, Good Receipt, 266
Fly Stickingfast not Poisonous, 266
Fomentations, Hot, How Made, 127
Fomentations Made from Hops, 127
Food for Sick Patients, 19
Foot Rot in Sheep, Successful Remedy, 342
Foot Rot in Sheep, Prevention of, 343
Forks, To Brighten after Cleaning, 214
Fried Cakes, How to Make, 185
Fried Cakes, Mrs. H's Receipt for, 185
Fried Cakes, Favorite, 185
Fritters made from Oysters, 168
Fritters, Mrs. R's Excellent, 190
Frost Bites, Receipt for, 75
Frosting, Mrs. H's Receipt for, 181
Frosting, Receipt for Boiled, 181
Frozen Fruit, How Miss H. Makes, 186
Fruit Stains, To Remove from Clothing, 232
Fruit Cake, Mrs. W. P's Steamed, 182
Fungus in Cellars, To Destroy, 259
Furniture, a Black Walnut Stain for, 217
Furniture Polish, Something Fine, 217
Furniture, Polish for Brightening Old, 218
Furniture, Upholstered, To Rid of Moths, 218
Furs and Flannels, 218

G.

Galled Shoulders in Horses, prevention and Cure, 312
Galls Caused by Saddle, to prevent and Cure, 312
German Silver, How to Solder, 215
Gilded Jewellery, To Clean, 214
Giles' Liniment of Iodide of Ammonia, 27
Ginger Beers, How to Make, 276
Ginger Pop, To Make, 277
Ginger Cake, How Made, 184
Ginger Cake, Cousin M's, 184
Ginger Snaps, Sensible Receipt for, 185
Glass Globes, To Clean, 215
Glass, To Break as you like, 216
Glass, To Drill, 217
Gleet, Effectual Treatment for, 113
Glossy Linen, How it is Done, 135
Glue, How to make Liquid and Moist, 260
Glue, Liquid, Simple and Easily Made, 261
Glue, Very Strong for Veneering and Inlaying, 260
Glue that will Resist Action of Water, 260
Glue, Water Proof, 260
Glues, Receipts for Liquid, 260
Goitre, or Swelled Neck, Dr. Mason's Remedy, 27
Gold Chains, How to Clean, 214
Gonorrhea, Remedy, 110
Gonorrhea, Injection for, 111
Gonorrhea, Another Injection for, 111
Gonorrhea Cured Without Injection, 112
Gonorrhea in its Commencement, 112
Gonorrhea, The Latest and Most Simple Treatment for, 113
Gooseberries, Setting out for Trees or Bushes, 247
Gooseberries, To Prevent the Mildew, 247
Grafting Currants, To Avoid the Bores and Mildew, 247
Graham Bread, Aunt Hannah's, 180
Graham Muffins, Cousin M's, 180
Graham Gems, Mrs. G's, 180
Grape Wine, Wild, To Make, 275
Grapes, How to Can, 193
Gravel, Remedy for, 29
Grease Heel in Horses, Condition Powder Useful in, 310
Grease Heels In Horses, to avoid and Cure, 318
Grease, To remove from Silk, Linen, etc., 232
Green Lice on Plants, to Destroy, 258
Griddle Cakes, Receipt for Bread, 179
Griddle Cakes, Flannel      "   , 179

H.

Hair Curling, Liquid, 288
Hair Dye, Black, Eley's Best, 286
Hair Dye, Brown, 286
Hair Oil, Very Fine, 287
Hair Restorative, Very Superior, 287
Hair Restorative, Italian, 288
Hair Tonic, Eley's, 286
Halter Pulling in horses, sensible remedy, 325
Ham Cakes, a Good Receipt, 171
Ham Salad, Receipt of Miss H., 174
Hams, How to Cure, 169
Hams, How to Smoke, 169
Hams, How to Cure Cracked, 236
Hawks, Best way to Catch, 265
Harness Edge Blacking, Cheap, 272
Headache Nervous, Such as People Used to be Bled for, 74
Headache, New Remedy, 74
Headache, To Cure, 61
Headache, Tea and Coffee often Cures Sick, 61
Headache, an English Remedy for, 47
Healing Ointment for Inflammation, wounds, etc., 136
Heartburn, Remedy, 62
Heaves in Horses, A Claimed Cure for, 320
Heaves in Horses, Caution in Feeding, 312
Heaves in Horses, Cure for Many, 312
Hemorrhage of Womb, Rectum, etc., a Positive Remedy, 29
Hemorrhage of Uterus, 29
Hiccoughs, Novel but Certain Remedy, 52
Hiccoughs, French Remedy for Children, 53
Hog Cholera, Cause and Remedy, 348
Hog Feeding, Experience of an Iowa Breeder and Packer, 344
Hogs, Apples Good for, 346
Hogs, Corn Claimed to be the Best Food for, 344
Hogs, Corn for, Best when Cooked, 344
Hogs, Fall, Care of, 243
Hogs, For Early Slaughter, 243
Hogs in Orchard Destroy Coddling Moth, 346
Hogs, Kidney-Worm in, Remedy, 347
Hogs, Lice on, Easy Remedy, 347
Hogs, On Fattening, 345
Hogs, Peas Better Food than Corn for, 344
Hogs, Preparing Food for, 344
Hogs, Raising, Most Profitable Kinds, 347
Hogs, Roots Good for Fattening, 345
Hominy, How to Cook, 177
Hop Fomentations, How Made, 127
Horses at Work, Amount Food necessary, 323
Horses, A valuable Chapter on their Care and Treatment, 298
Horses, A new Remedy for Bots in, 307
Horses, Cause of Colic in, 308
Horses' Feet, Explanation of a Remedy for Corns in, 310
Horses, How Long Should Work, 298
Horses, How to Cure Kicking, 304
Horses, How to Cure Runaway, 304
Horses, Importance of Roots for Winter Feeding, 332
Horses, Old, amount of Food necessary, 324
Horses, On Feeding Stock, 321
Horses, On Wintering, 323
Horses, Stock, Best Rations for Winter Feeding, 321
Horses, to Cure Cribbing in, 305
Horses, To Cure Colic in, 308
Horses, What Cribbing is, 305
Horses, Work, Best Feed for, 322
Hot Water for Dyspepsia, 81
Hot Water Cure, Directions for Using, 119-23
Hoven in Stock, Prevention and Cure, 329

I.

Ice Cream, How to Make Coffee, 185
Ice Cream, Simple Receipt for, 186
Ice Cream, Another     "     , 186
Ice-house, To Build Good, but Cheap, 253
Ill-Health, Useful Hints, 51
Impotency, Tonic Tincture for, 95
Indelible Ink, for Marking Clothing, How to Make, 268
Indelible Ink, Quick and Cheap Method of Making, 268
Indigestion, Very Valuable Treatment for, 80
Inflammation, Health Rules for Winter, 136
Ink, Good for School Purposes, 234
Ink, How to Make a Quart for a Dime, 234
Ink, Printers', 232
Ink Spots, To Remove from Clothing, 232
Interest, Five Valuable Tables with Explanations, 292-296
Interest, Simple and Easy Rule to Compute, 267
Iron, An Excellent Method for "Zincing", 209
Iron Buckles, How to Clean, 213
Iron, How to Solder Cast, 215
Iron Machinery, To keep from Rusting, 212
Itch, Valuable Ointment for, 58
Itching, To Cure, 59

J.

Jaundice, Cured by the Use of the Chionanthus, 106
Jaundice, Allopathic Treatment, 106
Jelly Cake, How to Make Lemon, 181
Jettine, How Made, 270
Jewellery, How to Clean, 213
Jewellery, Another Method, 214
Johnny Cake, Nelly's Receipt for, 180

K.

Kid Gloves, To Clean, 233
Kidney-Worm in Hogs, Remedy, 347
Kisses, How to Get Mrs. H. H's., 193
Knives, To Brighten after Cleaning,214
Knives, To Remove Rust of Steel Dinner, 213

L.

Labels, Good Cement for, 259
Labor, Process of Natural, 149
Labor Pains of Pregnancy, 149
Lamb, Tomato Sauce with, 170
Lambs, Time to Appear, 339
Layer Cake, Receipt for Dark, 183
Layer Cake, Receipt for Light, 183
Lead Poisoning, Milk and Antidote, 39
Leather, Cement for, 222
Lemon Cake, Receipt for, 181
Lemon Cake, Delia's Receipt for, 182
Lemon Ice, How Made, 187
Lemon Jelly Cake, How Made, 181
Lemon Jelly, Very Nice, 186
Lemon Pie, Receipt for Mrs. N's, 192
Lemon Syrup, A Handy way of Making, 277
Lemon Syrup, How Made, 278
Lemonade, Portable, Convenient and Excellent, 278
Lemons, Their Value in Sickness and Health, 93
Length of Life, Assurance Tables, 89
Lettuce, Sweet Cream Dressing for, 174
Leucorrha, Injection for, 100
Leucorrha, Valuable Injection for, 100
Lice, How to Remove Bark, 244
Lice on Hogs, Remedy, 347
Lice on Plants, Prof. A. J. Cook's Receipt for Killing, 245
Lice on Plants, Successful Destroyer, 257
Lice, Positive Remedy for Bark, 245
Lice Upon Cattle, Sure Cure, 325
Lice Upon Colts, Easy and Safe Remedy, 325
Life Lengthened, Sensible Rules, 88
Light, Its Necessity in Sick-room, 18
Lightning Liniment, Good for Nervous Affections, 27
Lime-water for Weak Stomach, 79
Liniments for Horses, 313
Liniment for Horses, From N. Y. Sun, Good, 313
Liquid Glue, A Valuable Receipt, 221
Liquid Shoe Blacking, Water Proof, 270
Liquor, The Use of it Leaves a Permanent Injury, 88
Liquor, A Cure for the Love of it, 139
Liver Regulator, 72
Lobster Salad, Simple Receipt, 175
Lock-jaw Remedy, a Preventive, 51
Lock-jaw, Quickly Relieved, 51
Lumbago, Very Successful Remedy, 24
Lungs, Hemorrhage of, Allopathic Treatment, 31
Lunch for ten Ladies, Mrs. B's Method, 179
Lustral Oil, Eley's, 286

M.

Macaroni Soup, An Italian Method, 164
Machinery, Iron, To Prevent Rusting, 212
Machinery, Steel, To Prevent Rusting, 212
Mange in Horses, Remedy of, _Wilkes Spirit of the Times_, 314
Mats, To Make from Sheepskins, 275
Measles, A Valuable Chapter on, 123
Measles, How to Distinguish from Scarlet Fever, 124
Measles, To Bring them Out, 125
Measles, Treatment for Malignant, 126
Meats, Hints on Selection of, 169
Melons, To Prevent Bugs from Destroying the Plants, 262
Menses, To Restore, 101
Menstruation, Painful Remedy, 141
Menstruation, Stimulating Tonic for, 141
Mice, Simple Exterminator, 256
Mice, _Scientific American_ Receipt for Exterminating, 257
Mice, Very Simple Remedy for Ridding of, 257
Midwifery, A Valuable Chapter, 147
Mildew on Gooseberries, To Prevent, 247
Milk for Drying Cows, Valuable, 327
Milk Flow in Cows, To Avoid, 320
Milk of Cows, Best Food for increasing the Flow, 327
Milk Soup, A Simple Receipt for, 163
Milk with Cows, How to increase, 320
Milk Punch for the Sick, 22
Milk, Its Use in Diarrha, Dysentery, Typhoid Fever, etc., 38
Milk, Suppression of, while Nursing, Treatment, 101
Milk, To Dry Up, Camphor and Soap Liniment for, 102
Milking Shed, On Care of Milk Pails, 207
Mock Turtle Soup, Receipt of a Sea Cook, 165
Molasses Candy, Receipt for, 193
Moth, Remedy for Codling, 243
Moths, How to Effectually Dispose of Codling, 244
Moths in Carpets, To Prevent, 239
Moths in Carpets, To Destroy Without Taking Up, 239
Moths in Furs, Flannels, etc., A Good Remedy, 239
Moths in Upholstered Furniture, Certain Remedy, 239
Moulting, Treatment of Canaries During, 284
Mucilage, Simple and Good for Fancy Work, 259
Muffins, Mrs. M's Raised, 179
Muffins, Elvira's Receipt for, 179
Mumps, Camphor for, 129
Mumps, Nature and Cure, 128
Muslins, How to Wash, 226
Mustard, Hot, Foot Bath, 127

N.

Nails, To Drive into Hard-Seasoned Timber, 224
Nervousness, New and Successful Remedy, 59
Neuralgia, An English Remedy for, 47
Neuralgia Pill, Receipt for, 48
Neuralgia, Warning of Poor State of Health, 48
Newly born Child, Management of, 157
Nickel Plating, How done Without Battery, 210
Night-Sweats, Remedy for, 97
Nipples Sore, To Avoid and Cure, 142
Nitrate of Silver Stains, To Remove, 238
Nose Bleed, Novel, but Certain Remedy, 52
Nose, Sore, Certain Cure, 36
Nurse, Importance of Good, 17
Nurse, Her Duties during Labor of Pregnancy, 150
Nurse, Her Duties during Second Stage of Labor, 153

O.

Oatmeal, How to Cook, 177
Oatmeal Soap, to Keep Hands Soft in Winter, 291
Oil-cloth, To Keep Bright, 235
Oil Dressing for all kinds of Leather, 271
Oil on the Water, Wonderful Effect on Storms at Sea, 268
Oil-painted Surface, To Clean, 216
Oil, To Remove from Silk, Linen, etc., 232
Ointments, Some Good Receipts, 56
Ointment for Barber's Itch, 59
Ointment, Healing, for Ulcers, Burns, etc., 136
Old Paint, How to Remove, 221
Omelette and Oyster, 168
Omelette Souffle, How to Make, 188
Onions, Roasted, as a Poultice to Boils, etc., 138
Onions, Their Value as Food, 138
Orange Cake, Minnie's Receipt for, 181
Orange Cake, Another Receipt, 181
Orange Float, How to Make, 187
Orange Float, Second Receipt, 188
Orange Jelly, Choice, 188
Ornaments, To Clean, 241
Owls, Best Way to Catch, 265

P.

Pain Killer, Truly Magical for all purposes, 68
Paint, Black, How to Make for Iron Fences, 220
Paint for Floors, Good, 220
Paint, Old to Remove, 221
Paint, Something Cheap for Fences, etc., 219
Paint, To Remove from Silk, Linen, etc., 232
Paint, White, To Clean, 216
Paints, Flexible, for Canvas, 221
Papering, Hints on Making Paste, 264
Parsnips, How to Cook, 176
Parsnips, Valuable as Food for Horses, 324
Paste, Cement for Labels, etc., 209
Pawing in the stable, To Cure Horses of, 315
Pea Soup from split peas, 166
Pea Soup from green peas, 166
Peach Pudding, Mollie's way of Making, 188
Peach Pudding, another kind, 188
Peanut Candy, Mrs. H.'s Receipt for, 193
Pearline, Secret of American Receipt, 230
Pears, How to Can , 192
Peckham's Genuine Balsam, for Coughs, Sore Throat, Kidney Difficulties, etc., 138
Perry Davis' Pain Killer, How Made, 26
Pianos, Polish for Brightening Old, 218
Pickled Carrots for Table Use, 236
Pickling Fish, How, 166
Pie Crust, Receipt for Bertha's, 191
Pie, How to make Chicken Oyster, 168
Pie, Chicken, 172
Pigs, Corn and Oats for Breeding Sows, 346
Pigs, Simple Remedy for Scurvy on, 347
Pigs, Sows eating their, Prevention and Cure, 346
Pigs, Store, on Corn and Oats for, 346
Pigs, Value of Roots for Store, 345
Piles, Some Remarkable Remedies for, 98
Pills, Compound Cathartic and Liver, 71
Pimples, Valuable Remedy for, 71
Pine-Apple Ice, How Made, 187
Pitch, To Remove from Silk, Linen, etc., 232
Plain Cake, a Good Receipt for, 182
Plants, The _American Gardener_ on Forcing,245
Plants, To Retain Color in Drying, 236
Plaster for Weak Back, 58
Plated Jewelry, To Clean, 214
Plating, How to do Nickel, 210
Plating, Receipt for Silver, 211
Pliable Collodian, Receipt, 75
Plum Charlotte, How Made, 190
Poisoning, Accidental, Quick Emetics for, 55
Poison Ivy, Poison Cured by an Old Fox Hunter, 135
Poisoning, Short Rules for Management, 134
Poisoning by Poison Ivy, Remedy, 55
Poisoning by Henbane, Tobacco, and Bites of Snakes, 55
Polish, Cheap and Good, 218
Polish, Excellent and Good, 218
Polish for Pianos, 218
Polish, Something Simple, 218
Polish, Something Fine for Furniture, 217
Polish, To Brighten Old Furniture, Pianos, etc., 218
Poll Evil in Horses, Some Successful Remedies, 314
Polypus of the Nose, How Removed, 50
Pomade for Hair, Lips, Chapped Hands, etc., 289
Pomade, Very Fine, 289
Pop-Corn Balls, Simple and Nice, 194
Pop Corn, How to Sugar, 194
Pop Overs, Mrs. G.'s Receipt for, 179
Pop Overs, Mrs. P.'s, 179
Postage Stamp, Cement, 223
Potato Puff, a Good Receipt, 175
Potato Salad, Mrs. H.'s Receipt, 175
Potato Soup, an every day Receipt for, 163
Potatoes, Mrs. H.'s Saratoga, 176
Potatoes, Receipt for Cream, 175
Poultices, Hot, How Made, 127
Poultices, Slippery Elm, 128
Poultices, Yeast, 128
Pound Cake, Mrs. H.'s Wedding, 182
Powder for Dyspepsia, Diarrha, etc., 80
Pregnancy, First Signs of, 147
Pregnancy, Another Symptom, 147
Puff Cake, Mrs. W's, 184
Pulse, Its Average Beats per Minute, 91
Pumpkin Pie, Mrs. H.'s way of Making, 192

Q.

Queen's Pudding, Receipt for, 189
Quiet of Sick-room, 19
Quinces, How to Cook for Dessert, 190
Quinces, How to Can, 192
Quinine, A Cure for Colic, 28
Quinsy, A New and Successful Remedy for, 82

R.

Radway's Ready Relief, Receipt, 26
Rats, German Method of Getting Rid of, 256
Rats, Simple Exterminator, 256
Rats, To Destroy or Drive Away, 256
Rats, To Get Rid of Without Poison, 256
Rheumatism, Dr. White's Remedy for, 23
Rheumatism, Successful Alterative for, 25
Rheumatism, Inflammation, a New and Successful Remedy, 25
Ribbons, To Wash, 226
Rice for Dessert, 190
Rice Croquette, Mrs. P.'s Receipt, 176
Rice Pudding, Mrs. B.'s Receipt, 190
Ringbone in Horses, Another Cure, 316
Ringbone with Horses, Certain Remedies for, 315
Ringworm Remedies, 86
Roach Exterminater, The Best Discovered, 228
Roaches, To Destroy, 248
Roaches,     "     Good Receipt, 249
Roaches, How to Utterly Destroy, 250
Rolls, Receipt for Mrs. North's Parker House, 178
Rolls, Receipt for Mrs. P.'s, New Bedford, 178
Roots for Winter Feeding, Their Comparative Values, 332
Roots, To Keep in Cellar for Winter Use, 263
Roots, Their Value for Store Pigs, 345
Roots, Valuable for Fattening Hogs, 345
Rubber Boots, To Mend, 272
Rubber Goods, Cement for Fastening Rubber Soles, Leather Patches, etc., 222
Rubber, To Fasten to Glass, Metal, etc., 222
Rubber, Water Proofing, for Boots, 270
Russett Apples, How to Cook for Dessert, 190
Russian Cream, 187
Rust of Iron, Varnish to Prevent, 212
Rust of Steel,   "         "    , 212
Rust on Steel, How Removed, 213
Rust, Prof. Olmsford's Receipt for Prevention of, 213
Rusting of Iron and Steel Machinery, 212

S.

Salad Dressing, An Excellent Receipt, 174
Salad Dressing, Mrs. F's Receipt, 174
Sally Lunns, How Made, 179
Salt, Amount necessary daily for cows, 330
Salt as a Vermifuge, 331
Salt, its Importance to Milch Cows and Other Stock, 330
  Another Remedy, 330
Salt Washings, Their Importance in Chronic Diseases, 115
Salve, Black, for Inflammation, Wounds, etc., 136
Salves, A Bunch of Good Receipts, 57
Salves for Horses, 313
Sauce for Rice, 190
Sauce for Pudding, 189
Sauce, Receipt for Hot Cream, 190
Scalds, Instantaneous Relief for, 50
Scare-crows, How to Make, 264
Scarlet Fever, Specific, 33
Scarlet Fever, Dr. Pigeon in London Lancet, 40
Scarlet Fever, Sulphurous Acid, Treatment of, 40
Scarlet Fever, How Long Dangerous to Others, 40
Sciatic Rheumatism, Some Successful Remedies, 24
Scorched Linen, To Whiten, 235
Scours in Cattle, Colts, etc., to cure, 329
Scratches in Horses, Value of Condition Powders, 310
Scratches in Horses, to Avoid and cure, 318
Scratches in Horses, A Canadian Remedy, 319
Scratches, Simple Remedy for, 319
Scrofula, Salve for, 74
Scurvy Pigs, Simple Remedy, 347
Sea Foam Cake, Receipt for, 181
Sea-Foam, Eley's, Excellent, 286
Sea-sickness, Cure for, 86
Sea-sickness, English Remedy, 86
Serge and Lawn Dresses, To Do Over, 227
Sewing Machine Oil, To Make, to Use, 224
Sexual Debility, Tonic for, 95
Shampoo, Bob Heaters, Very Strong, 287
Shampoo, Excellent for Cleansing Hair, 287
Shearing Sheep, Proper Time, 337
Sheep, Average Weight of Breeders, 338
Sheep, Better than Neat Cattle, 340
Sheep Business, Certain Drawbacks, 336
Sheep, Care of Breeding Ewes, 342
Sheep, Danger of a Grade Buck upon a Blooded Ewe, 337
Sheep, Few short rules for Care of, 341
Sheep, Fluke in, Remedy, 347
Sheep, How I Began the Work of Husbandry, 336
Sheep, Land too Valuable to keep Inferior, 338
Sheep, More Made on them than upon Horses, 340
Sheep, On Care of Fleeces, 339
Sheep, Pea and Oatmeal for Fattening, 342
Sheep, Prevention of Foot Rot in, 343
Sheep, Selection of Suitable Buck, 337
Sheep Shearing, Average weight of Fleeces, 336
Sheep, Successful Remedy for Foot Rot, 342
Sheep, Time for Trimming, 339
Sheep, Time for Washing, 337
Sheep, Time to sort out Breeding Ewes, 338
  Another Rule, 338
Sheep, Twenty-eight Years experience in Husbandry of, 335
Sheep, Value of, on Poor Farm, 339
Sheep, Valuable for Fertilizing Worn-out Soil, 341
Sheep, What Accomplished by Proper Care of, 335
Sheepskins, To Make Mats from, 273
Shingle Roofs, A Fire-proof Wash for, 221
Shingles, To Make Fire-Proof, 254
Short Cake, A Good Receipt, 179
Shrimp Salad, A Simple Receipt, 175
Sick-room, Its Proper Location, 17
Silk Dresses, To Clean, 226
Silks, To Remove Spots in, 232
Silver Plating, How without a Battery, 211
Silver, To Clean Stained, 208
Silverware, A Polish for, 238
Silverware, Forks, How to Clean, 238
Silvering Powder, Receipt for, 215
Silverware, To Brighten with little Labor, 237
Silverware, To Brighten after Cleaning, 214
Silverware, To keep its Original Lustre, 214
Silverware, To Wash, 214
Skin Diseases, Valuable Remedy for, 71
Skins, On Tanning, 272
Sky-lights, How to Stop Leaks in, 239
Sleep as a Medicine, 60
Sleeplessness, New and Successful Remedy, 59
Small-pox, A Certain Cure, 46
Smoking Meats, How, 169
Snow Jelly, Very Nice, 187
Snow Pudding, A Novelty, 187
Snow Pudding, Another Kind, 187
Soap for Mechanics, Shopmen, Blacksmiths, etc., 230
Soap for Printers, 230
Soap for Renovating Purposes, 230
Soap for Scouring, 230
Soap, Medicated, How to Make, 230
Soap, Oatmeal, Excellent for Keeping Hands Soft in Winter, 291
Soapine, Receipt of _Scientific American_, 230
Soft Soap, a Valuable Receipt, 229
Soiling Cows, Pays to do so, 333
Soldering Cast Iron, A Good Method, 215
Soldering German Silver, How, 2
Sore Breasts, Practical Suggestions as to Treatment, 149
Sore Throat, Homeopathic Remedy for, 34
Sore Throat, The Good Old Grandmother's Gargle for, 35
Sore Throat, New Gargle for, 35
Sore Throat, Strong Tea as Gargle, 36
Sore Throat, Several Simple Remedies for, 36
Soup-plates, Their Use in Cold Weather, 161
Soups, General Directions, 161
Sows Eating their Pigs, To Cure the Habit, 346
Spanish Bread Cake, Excellent, 184
Spanish Cream, 187
Spavin Cure for Horses, 315
Spavins in Horses, Certain Remedies, 315
Spavins in Horses, To Cure the Lameness, 315
Spavins in Horses, Permanent Cure for, 316
Spermatorma, Tonic Tinctures for, 95
Spiders, To Destroy, 248
Spiders,      "   (Another), 249
Splints in Horses, Ointment for, 317
Sponge Cake, How to Make White, 181
Sponge Cake, Another Kind of, 181
Sponge Pudding, A Good Receipt for, 189
Sprains and Swellings, Remedy for, 145
Sprains, Capital Remedy for, 86
Stain, A Floor, 220
Stain, Black Walnut, for Furniture, 217
Stain, Black Walnut, for a Pine Floor, 220
Stain, Ebony, for Pine and Soft Woods, 217
Stains from Nitrate of Silver, To Remove, 238
Stallion, Condition Powder for a, 311
Stammering, To Cure, 263
Steam Boilers, To Stop Small Leaks in, 223
Steam Boilers,To Prevent Incrustation from becoming Hard, 223
Steam Pipes, Efficient and Cheap Method of Protecting, 209
Steam Pipes, How to Cover to Prevent Loss of Heat, 209
Steamed Fruit Pudding, Aunt Hannah's, 191
Steel, To Temper Very Hard, 212
Steel Machinery, To Prevent Rusting, 212
Steel, To Remove Rust upon, 213
Steel Dinner Knives, To Remove Rust on, 213
Steel Apparatus and Instruments, How to Preserve Polish, 213
Steel Buckles, How to Clean, 213
Stewed Oysters, How to do it, 167
Stiff Joints, Successful Remedy, 24
Strains of Horses, Lotions and Liniments for, 318
Strawberries, How to Can, 192
Stye upon the Eye-lid, Remedy, 84
Sulphur Soap, To Make, 230
Sulphurous Acid, Treatment of Scarlet Fever, 40
Summer Drink, Something Pleasant, 277
Summer Drinks for Field or Workshops, 278
Summer Complaints from Teething of Children, 104
Sun-stroke, How to Cure, 69
Supper, How to Prepare, 195
Surfeit in Horses, Cause and Cure, 319
Swelled Neck, Internal and External Remedy, 27
Swellings, Liniment to Reduce, 23
Sweeny in Horses, Various Cures, 317
Sweeny in Horses, Simple and Certain Cure, 317
Sweeny, Oil for, 317
Swelled Legs, Lotions and Liniments for, 318
Syphilis, Successful Remedy in Bad Cases, 109
Syrups for Summer Drinks, To Make, 278

T.

Tanning Skins with Hair or Wool on, 272
Tar Soaps, To Make, 230
Tar Spots, To Remove, 233
Tea, an unpretentious, 198
Tea, How Mrs. L. Prepares an Informal, 197
Tea, Suited for Every Day, 198
Tea Cake, Light and Nice, 180
Tea Rusk, How Made, 180
Tea Drinking, How, 198
Temperature of Sick-room, 22
Tempering Steel, Process by which Stubb's Files are Tempered, 212
Tin, How to Clean, 208
Tin, To Brighten after Cleaning, 214
Toast, How to Make German, 177
Tobacco Chewers' Weak Stomach, Antidote for, 140
Tobacco, Its Injuriousness to Sight and Memory, 146
Toilet, Barber's and Domestic, 286
Tomato Salad, A Simple Receipt, 175
Tomato Soup, How Made with Milk, 162
Tomato Soup, Just "A Splendid Receipt" for, 162
Tomatoes, How to Bake, 176
Tomatoes, To Prevent Bugs from Destroying the Plants, 262
Tomatoes, To Ripen in December, 236
Tongue, The, What it Tells, 92
Tonsilitis, Salicylate of Soda for, 74
Tonsils, Swollen, Homeopathic Remedy, 34
Toothache, Common Cure for, 49
Toothache Drops, Dr. Chase's, 50
Toothache Drops, To Make Japanese, 264
Tracing Paper, How to Make, 216
Trade Secret for Ridding of Moths, 218
Trimming Sheep, Proper Time, 339
Turkey, Pointers on Roasting, 173
Turnips as an occasional food for Horses, 324
Turnips, To Keep Nicely in Cellars for Winter Use, 262
Typhoid Fever, How to Treat in its More Malignant Character,41

U.

Unfermented Wines, How Made, 276
Urinary Diseases of Children, Certain Remedies, 143
Urine, The, During Pregnancy, 149
Uterine Hemorrhage, Specific in, 29

V.

Varnish, To Prevent Rust of Steel, 212
Varnish, To Prevent Rust of Iron, 212
Veal Loaf, Receipt for Making, 171
Ventilation of Sick-rooms and Sleeping-rooms, 22
Vermifuge, The Electric Remedy, 76
Voice, Loss of, Remedy, 65

W.

Walnut Cake, Receipt for English, 182
Walnut Stain, Black, for Furniture, 217
Warmth of Sick-room, 18
Warts on Horses or Other Stock, to Cure, 320
  Another Cure, 320
Warts, on Persons, Effectually Cured, 320
Warts, How to Remove, 84
Warts, Simple Cure for, 85
Wash for Ladies' Hands, 190
Washed Jewellery, To Clean, 214
Washing, A New Mode to Save Time, Labor and Fuel, 225
Washing Flannels, On, 226
Washing Fluid, A Labor Saving, 225
Washing Fluid, An Economize of Boiling and Rubbing, 226
Wasps-stings, Sure Cure for, 145
Water-Proofing for Boots, Good, 270
Weak Back, Valuable Plaster for, 58
Weakly Women and Children, Liquid Physic for, 72
Wedding Pound Cake, Receipt for, 182
Weeds, To Destroy, in Gravel Walks, 252
Wheat, Cracked, How to Cook, 177
Whipped Cream, Receipt for, 187
White Swelling, Salve for, 74
White Paint, To Clean, 216
Whooping Cough, Remedy for, 67
Wine, Blackberry, To Make Properly, 275
Wine, To Make from Wild Grapes, 275
Wines, Unfermented, To Make, 276
Wire Worms, An English Method, 261
Wire Worms, Protection Against for Cows, 261
Wizard Oil, Hamlin's Receipt, 26
Womb, Hemorrhage of, Remedy 30
Worms in Horses, Successful Remedies, 320
Worms on Currants, Remedy, 245
Worms on Currants, To Destroy, 246
Worms, Receipt for fine, 76
Worms, Tape, Latest Remedy, 77
Wool from Sheep-raising, Increase per Head by using Blooded Rams, 336
Wounds, Hemorrhage of, To Prevent and Cure, 31

Y.

Yeast, Mrs. Wood's Receipt, 178
Yellow Fever, What it is, 130

Z.

Zinc, To Clean, 215
Zincing Iron, How done without a Battery, 209


=Transciber's Note:=

Numerous inconsistencies in spelling, punctuation and grammar have not
been corrected, or have been corrected without comment, in order to
preserve the quaint charm of the book.

The following changes have been made:

Title page--corrected typo 'ARRARGED IN DEPARTMENTS' to 'ARRANGED IN DEPARTMENTS'

1. page 26--corrected typo 'ox.' to 'oz.' in phrase 'Spirits of
camphor, 1/2 ox.;'

2. page 40--added missing right bracket after word 'anti-poisoning'

3. page 59--corrected typo 'chlidren' to 'children'

4. page 72--corrected typo 'ox.' to 'oz.' in phrase 'simple syrup, 4
ox.'

5. page 96--corrected typo 'valuabie' to 'valuable' in phrase '...the
nostrils, is valuabie in...'

6. page 97--corrected typo 'inflence' to 'influence' in phrase
'...fully under the inflence of the chloral...'

7. page 101--corrected typo 'arcticles' to 'articles' in phrase
'...add the other arcticles and the balance...'

8. page 101--corrected typo 'my' to 'may' in phrase '...other disease,
it my be made to...'

9. page 101--next line, correted 'cataplams' to 'cataplasms'

10. page 102--corrected typo 'succed' to 'succeed' in phrase '...more
likely to succed.'

11. page 103--corrected typo 'doctot' to 'doctor' in phrase '...(so
the doctot told me)'

12. page 113--typo 'carlessness' corrected to 'carelessness' in phrase
'...or by mismanagement or carlessness in taking...'

13. page 114--corrected typos 'Dispenrasy' to "Dispensary',
'crititism' to 'criticism'

14. page 115--corrected typo 'hypertropey' to 'hypertrophy'

15. page 116--correted typo 'roughnes' to 'roughness'

16. page 121--correted typo 'very' to 'vary' in phrase '...will, of
course, very somewhat with the...'

17. page 121--corrected typo 'propably' to 'probably' in phrase
'...There is propably something of importance...'

18. page 123--corrected typo 'feverishnes' to 'feverishness' in phrase
'...allays all feverishnes of stomach...'

19. page 124--corrected typo 'measels' to 'measles' in phrase '...the
breaking out of measels, there is usually...'

20. page 125--correted typo 'slipperly' to 'slippery' in phrase ',,,a
cool wash of slipperly elm, alem curd,...'

21. page 125--corrected typo 'safron' to 'saffron'

22. page 128--corrected typo 'stimilar' to 'similar' in phrase 'Not
uncommonly stimilar swellings...'

23. page 133--corrected typo 'discease' to 'disease' in phrase '...the
prevalence of this discease.'

24. page 147--corrected typo 'Symton' to 'Symptom' in heading

25. page 152--corrected typo 'lett' to 'left' in phrase '...lying on
the lett side, with the knees...'

26. page 163--corrected typo 'subsitute' to 'substitute' in phrase
'...makes a nice subsitute for the butter.'

27. page 176--corrected typo 'colender' to 'colendar'

28. page 178--corrected typo 'Beford' to 'Bedford' in heading

29. page 183--corrected typo 'tarter' to 'tartar' in phrase '...2
teaspoons cream tarter in flour...'

30. page 199--corrected typo 'gentlemen' to 'gentleman' in phrase
'...explanation by a gentlemen signing himself...'

31. page 208--corrected word 'soft' to 'soap' in phrase '...rotten
stone, and soft soft, each 1 lb....'

32. page 211--corrected typo 'siver' to 'silver' in phrase '...or
piece of pure siver,'

33. page 212--corrected typo 'processs' to 'process' in phrase
'...this is the processs by which...'

34. page 213--corrected typo 'kerosone' to 'kerosene' in phrase
'...cloth well wet with kerosone, and let it remain...'

35. page 218--corrected typo 'upholstereres' to 'upholsterers'

36 page 222--corrected typo 'firmy' to 'firmly' in phrase '...it is
said, quite firmy, and thus...'

37. page 240--corrected typo 'made' to 'make' in phrase '...soft soap
to made quite a thick...'

38. page 249--corrected typo 'read' to 'red' in phrase '...a mixture
of read lead...'

39. page 284--corrected typo 'sympton' to 'symptom' in phrase 'The
sympton is a gasping as if for breath...'

40. page 290--corrected typo 'power' to 'powder' in phrase '...each
separately, to a fine power.'

41. page 293--corrected typo in table, last column, '3.00' to '4.00'

42. page 314--corrected typo 'vitirol' to 'vitriol' in phrase '...and
oil of vitirol, each, 1 oz....'

43. page 323--corrected typo 'Pennsylvannia' to 'Pennsylvania'

44. page 327--corrected typo 'work' to 'word' in phrase '...the Latin
work for milk...'

45. page 327--corrected spelling error 'perceptably' to 'perceptibly'

46. page 348--corrected typo 'symptons' to 'symptoms'

47. page 353--corrected typo 'penus' to 'penis'

48. page 358--added hyphenation to word 'hereditary'

49. page 361--corrected typo 'healty' to 'healthy'




[End of _Dr. Chase's New Receipt Book_ by Alvin Wood Chase]
